This document discusses different sources of energy including fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and solar energy. It describes how fossil fuels like crude oil are formed from decayed plants and animals, and how they are used to produce energy. Nuclear energy comes from nuclear fission and fusion reactions in atomic nuclei. Solar energy is converted to electrical energy using solar panels. The document also addresses different types of pollution caused by energy production and use, such as air and water pollution from emissions and chemical disposal. Green chemistry aims to reduce hazardous chemicals and pollution.

1. PRSENTED BY
J.AJITHKUMAR.
M.SC CHEMISTRY.
SRI KALISWARI COLLEGE.

3.  The capacity of doing work is called energy.
 It may be potential energy, thermal energy,
electrical energy, mechanical energy.
 Energy is not created or destroyed.
 It may transformed one form to another form
of energy.
 E.g Heat energy into electrical energy

4.  Production of Energy.
 Transportation.
 Storage.
 Pollution caused by production.

6.  Fossil fuels are major sources of energy.
 By the combustion of these fuels release
energy as the form of thermal energy.
 Now a days the availability of these increased
day by day.
 It majorly used in vehicles and electrical
energy production.
 Incomplete combustion of these fuels are
produced carbon monoxide.

7.  Fossil fuels are buried combustible geologic
deposits of organic materials.
 Formed by the decayed plants and animals
that can be converted into the crude oil and
and coal and natural gas.

8.  Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.
 The crude oil is refined to diesel and
gasouline,kerosene.
 Diesel is used as a fuel in vehicles.
 Kerosene is used as a fuel for cooking by
giving thermal energy.

9.  During chemical reaction Energy is either
absorbed or released.
 In the burning of fossil fuels produces of
energy along with water and carbon dioxide.
 In some fossil fuels contains small amount of
sulphur and nitrogen are present.
 It produces sulphur oxides and nitrous oxide.

10.  Nuclear energy is present in the nucleus of an
atom.
 It may be produced by the nuclear fission and
nuclear fusion.
 In the nuclear fission and fusion reactions the
enormous amount of energy is released.

11.  Nuclear fission is a process of heavier nuclei
splits into the smaller nuclei by the attack of
neutron. And more amount of heat energy is
prduced during this process.
 The heat energy is used to produce the
steam.
 By this steam the turbines rotated to produce
electrical energy.
 It can be stored by battaries.
 Uranium is used as a fuel.
 The process is carried by nuclear reactor.

12.  Nuclear fusion is a process of combined
smaller nuclei in to the heavier nuclei with
release of more energy.
 The more energy is released than that of
nuclear fission.
 But the initiation of this reaction is needed
high energy.
 So there is no instrument is discovered till
now to produce energy by this fusion.

13.  From this nuclear fission reactions the
nuclear wastes are produced.
 These wastes are consists of radioactive
elements.
 From these element the harmful radiations
are produced.
 These may produce cancers and many genetic
disorders.

14.  Now a days the solar energy is an important
energy of sources.
 Solar heat energy is converted into the
electrical energy by the principle of
photovoltaic effect.
 The energy conversion is carried by the solar
panels and forms DC current.
 The DC current is stored in batteries.

15.  Solar panel consists of a polycrystalline
silicon and the poly vinyl acetate coatings.
 The role of polycrystalline silicon is the
conversion of solar energy into the electrical
energy.
 now a days many organic dyes are used
instead of silicons to increase the efficiancy.

16.  Batteries are convert chemical energy into the
electrical energy by the chemical reactions.
 There are two types of batteries.
 Primary cell.
 Secondary cell.

17.  These are single use batteries.
 These batteries cannot be recharged.
 Because the reaction is irreversible in nature.
 E.g.
 Aluminium ion battery
 Magnesium battery.
 They are Used in Wall clock, remote batteries
and etc….

18.  They are reusable battaries they can be
rechargable.
 Because of the reversible reactions are
possible.
 E.g
 Li battery
 Ni cadmium battery.

20.  Ozone is the allotropic form of oxygen.
 Ozone is formed by the action of sun light
with the oxygen.
 Now a days the ozone layer is depletion is
araised due to the toxic gases like CFC.
 The CFC carbons are attacked to the ozone
molecules to produce again oxygen this will
cause the decrese the density of ozone.

21.  The toxic gases like carbon monoxide and
sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides are
produced by the industries as a side product.
 These gases are react with water to form
acids like carbonic, nitric, sulphuric acids.
 And forms acid rain it affects the buildings
and induce the pH of the soil.

22.  Air is polluted by the toxic gases like
SULPHUR DIOXIDE and CO and NO.
 CO is produced by incomplete combustion of
coal and etc…
 Carbon monoxide is inhibited the Hb.
 Other oxides are produced respiratory
infections.
 In addition to produce the acid rain.
 Photochemical smog are also produced.

23.  Water is polluted by the heavy metal ions
from the industries and organic dyes and
etc....
 The metals are may be
 Arsenic
 Cadmium
 Chromium
 Lead
 mercury

24.  The heavy metals are affects the fishes and
sea animals.
 It also induce some disease.
 Ar – enzyme inhibitor and carcinogenic.
 Cr – carcinogenic.
 Pb – anaemia, nervous disorder.
 Hg – carcinogenic.
 Cd – high BP and bone disorder.

25.  Pesticides are chemicals to destroy to
unwanted harmful insects and other
organisms.
 Pesticides are also affects the water and also
soil as a pollutant.
 By this pollution the genetical disorders and
cancers are produced.
 E.g.
 Organochlorines.
 Organo phosphates.
 Triazines.

26.  Green chemistry is the design of chemical
products and processes that eliminate the
use and production of hazardous substances.
 By this green synthesis of chemicals we can
reduce the pollution of air and water and
etc…
 Now a days many of them goes green
chemistry to prevent the pollution of earth.