Farming systems and sustainable Agriculture

1. RAJA BHOJ KRISHI MAHA VIDHYALAYA
BALAGHAT (MP)
Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture
Presentation on :- HEIA LEIA and LEISA
Presented to:-
Dr.Pooja Goswami
Assistant professor
Agronomy
Presented by:-
Manish Rajoriya
Bsc Agriculture (Hons)
2nd year 2nd semester
Enrollment no:-210501021

2. HEIA LEIA and LEISA
HEIA, LEIA, and LEISA are three related
approaches to sustainable agriculture that
focus on incorporating the needs and
knowledge of local communities into
agricultural development.

3. High External Input Agriculture (HEIA)
High external input Agriculture (HEIA) are technologies
that utilize high external inputs such as inorganic or
chemical fertilizers to increase nutrient depletion from
the soil, pesticides to control pests and diseases,
herbicides to control weeds and irrigation facilities for
water management in the farms. These technologies
are often beyond the financial reach of the small –
holder farmers.

4. Advantages of HEIA
1. Agricultural Production could be rapidly increased to meet the
demand for food for the increasing population.
2. Income and profit margins of the products were Increased.
3. New improved varieties gave yields within a short period of
time.
4. Mechanization solves the problem of labour shortage.
5. Productivity of land increased.
6. Increased market facilities for production.
7. Malnutrition problem was efficiently managed.

5. Disadvantages of HEIA
1. Collapse of environmental balance due to lack of biodiversity
by planting a few cash crops.
2. Increase in soil erosion due to constant furrowing by
machinery.
3. Dependence on imported machinery, chemical fertilizer,
pesticides, hybrid seeds and other inputs.
4. Extensive use of pesticides disturbed the natural mechanism of
controlling pest and diseases as the artificial pesticides kill
both pests and their natural enemies.
5. Use of artificial agro-chemicals adversely affected the soil pH,
cation exchange capacity, soil structure, soil texture and soil
organisms. Consequently the microbial activities of the soil
tend to reduce forming dead soil.

6. Low External Input Agriculture (LEIA)
Low external input agriculture” (LEIA) is a type of
agriculture that relies on low amounts of external inputs
such as synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and fossil fuels.
This approach focuses on using local resources and
knowledge to promote sustainable farming practices that
improve soil health, conserve natural resources, and
increase biodiversity.

7. Advantages of LEIA:
• Environmental sustainability: LEIA practices promote
environmental sustainability by reducing the use of
synthetic inputs, which can lead to soil degradation, water
pollution, and loss of biodiversity.
• Improved soil health: LEIA practices improve soil
health by increasing organic matter, nutrients, and
microbial activity, which can increase soil fertility
and productivity.

8. • Lower carbon footprint: LEIA has a lower carbon
footprint compared to HEIA due to reduced use of fossil
fuels and synthetic inputs.
• Reduced health risks: LEIA can reduce health risks to
farmers and consumers by minimizing exposure to
synthetic inputs.
• Increased biodiversity: LEIA practices promote increased
biodiversity through the use of crop rotations,
intercropping, and other techniques that support
beneficial insects and other wildlife.

9. Disadvantages of (LEIA):
• Lower yields: LEIA practices may result in lower yields
compared to HEIA practices due to the reduced use of
synthetic inputs.
• Higher labor requirements: LEIA practices can require more
labor-intensive work due to the use of traditional farming
techniques.
• Limited access to external inputs: LEIA practices can limit
access to external inputs such as synthetic fertilizers and
pesticides, which can be necessary in certain circumstances
to address specific pests or nutrient deficiencies.

10. • Dependence on local resources: LEIA practices rely
heavily on local resources and knowledge, which may
limit the ability to scale up or adapt to changing
environmental conditions or market demands.

11. Low-External Input Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA)
• Low-External Input Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA) is a series
of practices which serve to reinforce ecological principles that
are in line with local ecosystems.
• Practices such as recycling of plant nutrients (nitrogen and
others), minimizing crop losses due to insects and pests, and
securing favorable soil conditions for plant growth are just the
tip of the hat.
• The objective of LEISA is to maintain the agricultural
production at an optimum level using less external inputs in
eco-friendly environment

12. Factors affecting LEISA
• Maintaining a living soil
• Creating Bio-diversity
• Recycling of resources
• Natural pest management

13. Basic concept of LEISA
1. Optimize the use of locally available resources.
2. LEISA aims at a stable and adequate production level over
the long term.
3. LEISA incorporates that best components of indigenous
farmers knowledge and practices.
4. LEISA practices must be developed within each ecologic
socio economic systems.

14. Reference
https://www.agricorn.in/2023/03/
HEIA-LEIA-and-LEISA.html?m=1