3. Respiratory Structures
-Nose: contains small hairs that filter particulates.
-Nasal Cavities: contain cilia that act as an additional
filter of the incoming air. Also contains mucous
that protects tissues, warms, and moistens the air.
-Pharynx: passageway leading to the trachea.
(contains two passageways for food and air)
4. -Epiglottis: keeps food from entering the trachea.
-Larynx: voice box, vocal cords, ‘Adams Apple’.
-Trachea (windpipe): leads to the bronchi tubes,
made of cartilage. Mucous and cilia lined.
-Bronchi Tubes: two tubes that split off from the
trachea, each one leads to lung. Mucous and cilia
lined.
5. Into the lungs we go…
-Bronchioles: branchlike extensions of the
main bronchi.
-Alveoli: sacs of the lungs where oxygen and
carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion
between the air and the blood.
6. What makes up the respiratory
system?
• a pair of lungs, passageways into your body,
and a muscle called the diaphragm.
Function = process by which an organism
exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with
its environment.
7. What are the three types of
respiration?
1. External Respiration- occurs in the lungs,
exchange of gases between the air and
your lungs.
2. Internal Respiration- exchange of gases
between the blood and body cells.
3. Cellular Respiration- production of ATP
(energy) in cells.
8. When you take a breath of air,
what exactly are you breathing?
-Inspiration: process of inhaling air.
Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Carbon Dioxide .03%
Other gases .97%
9. -Expiration: process of exhaling air.
Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 16.54%
Carbon Dioxide 4.49%
Other gases .97%
10. -Your lungs have a total capacity of approx.
4-5 Liters.
-When you take a breath, you normally inhale
approx. .5 Liters.
-When you exhale completely, you have a
residual volume of air left in your lungs of
approx. 1 Liter.
11. Where does carbon dioxide come
from?
-Once oxygen diffuses into the blood stream,
the oxygen is transported to cells all over
your body for cellular respiration. The
waste product of cellular respiration is
carbon dioxide and water.
12. How exactly do you breathe?
-The action of your diaphragm and muscles
between your ribs allow you to breathe in
and out.
-When you inhale, your rib muscles and
diaphragm contract, expanding your chest
cavity. (Diaphragm moves lower into the
chest cavity.)
13. -When you exhale, your rib muscles and
diaphragm relax, returning your chest cavity
to a resting position forcing air out.
14. Who or what controls respiration?
-Breathing is a involuntary response.
-Receptors in the medulla oblongata detect
high amounts of carbon dioxide and send
signals to your rib muscles and diaphragm.
-Oxygen receptors in the aorta and carotid
arteries send signals to the brain when the
oxygen level is too low.
15. Respiratory Illnesses
-Asthma: contraction of the bronchioles due to a
allergic reaction.
-Bronchitis: bacterial infection in the bronchioles.
-Emphysema: rupturing of the alveoli (smoking).
-Pneumonia: virus and bacterial infection (severe).
-Lung Cancer
