This document is a chapter on the respiratory system from an anatomy textbook. It covers the key organs and structures of the respiratory system, how respiration works, common respiratory diseases and disorders, diagnostic tests and clinical procedures related to the respiratory system, and medical terminology pertaining to respiration. The objectives are to learn the anatomy and function of respiratory structures, identify pathological conditions and clinical terms, and apply this knowledge to medical contexts.

1. .
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Chapter 12
The Respiratory System
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Slide 2
Learning Objectives
Name the organs of the respiratory
system and describe their location and
function.
Identify various pathological conditions
that affect the system.
Recognize medical terms that pertain
to respiration.

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Slide 3
Learning Objectives (cont’d.)
Identify clinical procedures and
abbreviations related to the system.
Apply your new knowledge to
understanding medical terms in their
proper contexts, such as medical
reports and records.

5. Chapter 12
Lesson 12.1

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Slide 5
Introduction
Respiration
mechanical process of breathing
exchange of air between lungs and
environment

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Slide 6
Introduction (cont’d.)
External respiration: exchange of air in
lung capillaries
oxygen inhaled into the air sacs of the
lungs
immediately passes into capillaries
carbon dioxide passes from capillaries
into air sacs, to be exhaled

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Slide 7
Introduction (cont’d.)
Internal respiration: exchange of gases
in the cells
 occurs simultaneously between cells and
capillaries
 oxygen passes out of the bloodstream
into the tissues
 carbon dioxide passes out of tissues
back into the bloodstream to travel to the
lungs

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Slide 8
Inhalation and Expiration

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Slide 9
Respiratory Anatomy
Mediastinum: middle of chest where
trachea divides into two branches
Bronchi: each leads to a separate
lung
Lungs: lobes are not mirror images
Hilum: blood vessels, nerves,
lymphatic tissue, and bronchial tubes
enter and exit

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Slide 10
Anatomy of Respiration

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Slide 11
Respiratory Structures
Conduct air
Nose
Nasal cavities
and paranasal
sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Exchange gases
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Lung capillaries

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Slide 12
Respiratory
Flow Chart

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Slide 13
Combining Forms
adenoid/o
alveol/o
bronch/o
bronchi/o
bronchiol/o
capn/o
coni/o
cyan/o
epiglott/o
laryng/o
lob/o
mediastin/o
nas/o
orth/o
ox/o
pector/o
pharyng/o
phon/o
phren/o
pleur/o
pneum/o
pneumon/o
pulmon/o
rhin/o
sinus/o
spir/o
tel/o
thorac/o
tonsill/o
trache/o

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Slide 14
Suffixes
-ema
-osmia
-pnea
-ptysis
-sphyxia
-thorax

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Slide 15
Chapter 12
Lesson 12.2

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Slide 16
Diagnostic Terms
auscultation
percussion
pleural rub
rales (crackles)
sputum
stridor
wheezes

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Slide 17
Pathological Terms
Upper Respiratory
Disorders
croup
diphtheria
epistaxis
pertussis
Bronchial Tube
Disorders
asthma
bronchiectasis
bronchogenic
carcinoma
chronic bronchitis
cystic fibrosis

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Slide 18
Pathological Terms (cont’d.)
Lung Disorders
atelectasis
emphysema
pneumoconiosis
pneumonia
pulmonary
abscess
 pulmonary edema
 pulmonary
embolism (PE)
 pulmonary fibrosis
 sarcoidosis
 tuberculosis (TB)

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Slide 19
Pathological Terms,
Lung Disorders (cont’d.)
Atelectasis
Two forms
Proximal
obstruction of
distal airways
Accumulations
of fluid, blood,
or air in pleural
cavity

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Slide 20
Pathological Terms (cont’d.)
Pleural Disorders
mesothelioma
pleural effusion
pleurisy (pleuritis)
pneumothorax

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Slide 21
Pathological Terms,
Pleural Disorders (cont’d.)
Pneumothorax: Air
gathers in the
pleural cavity

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Slide 22
For Spelling and Meaning
 anthracosis
 asbestosis
 bacilli
 chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease
(COPD)
 cor pulmonale
 exudate
 hydrothorax
 palliative
 paroxysmal
 pulmonary
infarction
 purulent
 rhonchi
 silicosis

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Slide 23
Chapter 12
Lesson 12.3

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Slide 24
Clinical Procedures
X-rays
chest x-ray
computed tomography (CT scan of the
chest)
pulmonary angiography

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Slide 25
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
X-rays:
radiographic
imaging

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Slide 26
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI):
Magnetic waves create images

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Slide 27
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
Radioactive Test
Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan:
inhalation of radioactive gas for imaging,
followed by injection of different
radioactive material for imaging

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Slide 28
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
Bronchioscopy: endoscope to bronchial tubes
for diagnosis, biopsy, or collection of
specimens

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Slide 29
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
Endotracheal
intubation:
placement of tube
from mouth to
trachea to establish
airway

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Slide 30
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
laryngoscopy
lung biopsy
mediastinoscopy
pulmonary
function tests
(PFTs)
thoracentesis
thoracotomy
thorascopy
tracheostomy
tuberculin test
tube
thoracostomy

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Slide 31
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
Thoracentesis: surgical puncture to
remove fluid from pleural space

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Slide 32
Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)
Tracheostomy: creation of opening to
trachea through the neck