JAVA PPT Part-1 BY ADI.pdf

Java Programming
Unit-1
Dr. K ADISESHA

Introduction
Java Platforms
Features of Java
Java program
Java Control Structure
2
Java Tutorial
Prof. K. Adisesha

Introduction
Prof. K. Adisesha
3
Introduction:
Java is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers write
once, run anywhere (WORA). This means that compiled Java code can run on all
platforms that support Java without the need to recompile.
➢ Java is popular high-level, class-based object oriented programming language
originally developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995.
❖ Java is Open Source which means its available free of cost.
❖ Java is simple and so easy to learn
❖ Java is much in demand and ensures high salary
❖ Java has a large vibrant community
❖ Java has powerful development tools
❖ Java is platform independent

Introduction
Prof. K. Adisesha
4
History of Java:
James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java language
project in June 1991. The small team of sun engineers called Green Team.
➢ Initially it was designed for small, embedded systems in electronic appliances like set-top
boxes.
➢ Firstly, it was called "Greentalk" by James Gosling, and the file extension was .gt.
➢ After that, it was called Oak and was developed as a part of the Green project.
➢ In 1995, Oak was renamed as "Java" because it was already a trademark by Oak
Technologies.
➢ Initially developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which is now a subsidiary of
Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995.

Introduction
Prof. K. Adisesha
5
History of Java:
James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java language
project in June 1991. The small team of sun engineers called Green Team.
➢ Many java versions have been released till now: JDK Alpha and Beta (1995), JDK 1.0( 1996) to
Java SE 18 (to be released by March 2022)
➢ Popular Java Editors :To write your Java programs, you will need a text editor. There
are even more sophisticated IDEs available in the market.
❖ Notepad − On Windows machine, you can use any simple text editor like Notepad
(Recommended for this tutorial).
❖ Netbeans − A Java IDE that is open-source and free which can be downloaded from
https://www.netbeans.org/index.html.
❖ Eclipse − A Java IDE developed by the eclipse open-source community and can be
downloaded from https://www.eclipse.org/.

Introduction
Prof. K. Adisesha
6
Application:
According to Sun, 3 billion devices run Java. There are many devices where Java is
currently used.
➢ Some of them are as follows:
❖ Desktop Applications such as acrobat reader, media player, antivirus, etc.
❖ Web Applications such as irctc.co.in, javatpoint.com, etc.
❖ Enterprise Applications such as banking applications.
❖ Mobile
❖ Embedded System
❖ Smart Card
❖ Robotics
❖ Games, etc.

Introduction
Prof. K. Adisesha
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Java Platforms / Editions:
There are many types of applications that can be created using Java programming:
➢ There are 4 platforms or editions of Java:
➢ Java SE (Java Standard Edition):
➢ It is a Java programming platform. It includes Java programming APIs such as java.lang,
java.io, java.net, java.util, java.sql, java.math etc.
➢ Java EE (Java Enterprise Edition): It is an enterprise platform that is mainly used to develop
web and enterprise applications. It includes topics like Servlet, JSP, Web Services, EJB, JPA,
etc.
➢ Java ME (Java Micro Edition): It is a micro platform that is dedicated to mobile applications.
➢ JavaFX: It is used to develop rich internet applications. It uses a lightweight user interface
API.

Introduction
Prof. K. Adisesha
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Features of Java:
The primary objective of Java programming language creation was to make it portable,
simple and secure programming language.
➢ Simple
➢ Object-Oriented
➢ Portable
➢ Platform independent
➢ Secured
➢ Robust
➢ Architecture neutral
➢ Interpreted
➢ Multithreaded
➢ Distributed

Introduction
Prof. K. Adisesha
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Features of Java:
➢ Object Oriented − In Java, everything is an Object. Java can be easily extended since it is based on
the Object model.
➢ Platform Independent − When Java is compiled, it is not compiled into platform specific machine,
rather into platform independent byte code.
➢ Simple − Java is designed to be easy to learn. If you understand the basic concept of OOP Java, it
would be easy to master.
➢ Secure − With Java's secure feature it enables to develop virus-free, tamper-free systems.
Authentication techniques are based on public-key encryption.
➢ Architecture-neutral − Java compiler generates an architecture-neutral object file format, which
makes the compiled code executable on many processors, with the presence of Java runtime system.

Introduction
Prof. K. Adisesha
10
Features of Java:
➢ Portable − Being architecture-neutral and having no implementation dependent aspects of the
specification makes Java portable.
➢ Robust − Java makes an effort to eliminate error prone situations by emphasizing mainly on
compile time error checking and runtime checking.
➢ Multithreaded − With Java's multithreaded feature it is possible to write programs that can
perform many tasks simultaneously.
➢ High Performance − With the use of Just-In-Time compilers, Java enables high performance.
➢ Distributed − Java is designed for the distributed environment of the internet.
➢ Dynamic − Java programs can carry extensive amount of run-time information that can be used
to verify and resolve accesses to objects on run-time.

Introduction
Prof. K. Adisesha
11
OOPs Concepts in Java:
The basic concept of OOPs is to create objects, re-use them throughout the program, and
manipulate these objects to get results.
➢ Class − The class is one of the Basic concepts of OOPs which is a group of similar entities. It is
only a logical component and not the physical entity.
➢ Object - An object can be defined as an instance of a class, and there can be multiple instances of
a class in a program.
➢ Inheritance - Inheritance is one of the Basic Concepts of OOPs in which one object acquires the
properties and behaviors of the parent object.
➢ Polymorphism - Polymorphism refers to one of the OOPs concepts in Java which is the ability of
a variable, object or function to take on multiple forms.
➢ Abstraction - Abstraction is one of the OOP Concepts in Java which is an act of representing
essential features without including background details.

Introduction
Prof. K. Adisesha
12
OOPs Concepts in Java:
The basic concept of OOPs is to create objects, re-use them throughout the program, and
manipulate these objects to get results.
➢ Encapsulation − Encapsulation is one of the best Java OOPs concepts of wrapping the data and
code. In this OOPs concept, the variables of a class are always hidden from other classes.
➢ Association - Association is a relationship between two objects. It is one of the OOP Concepts in
Java which defines the diversity between objects. In this OOP concept, all objects have their
separate lifecycle, and there is no owner.
➢ Aggregation - In this technique, all objects have their separate lifecycle. However, there is
ownership such that child object can’t belong to another parent object.
➢ Composition - Composition is a specialized form of Aggregation. It is also called “death”
relationship. Child objects do not have their lifecycle so when parent object deletes all child
object will also delete automatically.

Introduction
Dr. K ADISESHA
13
C++ vs Java:
C++ Java
• C++ is platform-dependent. • Java is platform-independent.
• C++ is mainly used for system programming. • It is widely used in Windows-based, web-based,
enterprise, and mobile applications.
• C++ supports multiple inheritance. • It can be achieved by using interfaces in java.
• C++ supports goto statement, Pointers, operator
overloading.
• Java doesn't supports goto statement, Pointers,
operator overloading.
• C++ supports both call by value and call by
reference.
• Java supports call by value only. There is no call
by reference in java.

Introduction
Prof. K. Adisesha
14
Java Architecture:
Java Architecture combines the process of compilation and interpretation.
➢ In Java, there is a process of compilation and interpretation.
➢ The code written in Java, is converted into byte codes which is done by the Java Compiler.
➢ The byte codes, then are converted into machine code by the JVM.
➢ The Machine code is executed directly by the machine.

Java program
Prof. K. Adisesha
15
Java Program:
To create a simple Java program, you need to create a class that contains the main
method.
➢ For executing any Java program, the following software or application must be
properly installed.
➢ Install the JDK if you don't have installed it, download the JDK and install it.
➢ Set path of the jdk/bin directory.
➢ Create the Java program
➢ Compile and run the Java program
❖ To compile: javac Simple.java
❖ To execute: java Simple
class Simple{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println("Hello Java");
}
}

Java program
Prof. K. Adisesha
16
Basic Syntax:
Java program, can be defined as a collection of objects that communicate via invoking
each other's methods.
➢ It is very important to keep in mind the following points.
❖ Case Sensitivity − Java is case sensitive, which means identifier Hello and hello would have
different meaning in Java.
❖ Class Names − For all class names the first letter should be in Upper Case. If several words
are used to form a name of the class, each inner word's first letter should be in Upper Case.
Example: class MyFirstJavaClass
❖ Method Names − All method names should start with a Lower Case letter. If several words
are used to form the name of the method, then each inner word's first letter should be in
Upper Case. Example: public void myMethodName()
❖ Program File Name − Name of the program file should exactly match the class name.

Java program
Prof. K. Adisesha
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Basic Syntax:
Java program, can be defined as a collection of objects that communicate via invoking
each other's methods.

Java program
Prof. K. Adisesha
18
Java I/O (Input and Output) :
Java uses the concept of a stream to make I/O operation fast. The java.io package
contains all the classes required for input and output operations.
➢ Java uses the concept of a stream to make I/O operation fast. The java.io package
contains all the classes required for input and output operations.
➢ A stream is a sequence of data. In Java, a stream is composed of bytes. It's called a
stream because it is like a stream of water that continues to flow.
➢ In Java, 3 streams are created for us automatically. All these streams are attached
with the console.
❖ System.out: standard output stream
❖ System.in: standard input stream
❖ System.err: standard error stream

Java program
Prof. K. Adisesha
19
Java Identifiers:
All Java components require names. Names used for classes, variables, and methods
are called identifiers.
➢ In Java, there are several points to remember about identifiers. They are as follows −
❖ All identifiers should begin with a letter (A to Z or a to z), currency character ($)
or an underscore (_).
❖ After the first character, identifiers can have any combination of characters.
❖ A key word cannot be used as an identifier.
❖ Most importantly, identifiers are case sensitive.
❖ Examples of legal identifiers: age, $salary, _value, __1_value.
❖ Examples of illegal identifiers: 123abc, -salary.

Java program
Prof. K. Adisesha
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Java Variables:
A variable is a container which holds the value while the Java program is executed. A
variable is assigned with a data type.
➢ Variable is a name of memory location. There are three types of variables in java:
❖ local variable : A variable declared inside the body of the
method is called local variable.
❖ instance variable: A variable declared inside the class but
outside the body of the method, is called an instance variable.
❖ static variable : A variable that is declared as static is called
a static variable. It cannot be local. You can create a single
copy of the static variable and share it among all the
instances of the class.
public class A
{ static int m=100; //static variable
void method()
{
int n=90; //local variable
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
int data=50; //instance variable
}
} //end of class

Java program
Prof. K. Adisesha
21
Data Types in Java:
Data types specify the different sizes and values that can be stored in the variable.
➢ There are two types of data types in Java:
➢ Primitive data types: The primitive data
types include boolean, char, byte, short, int,
long, float and double.
➢ Non-primitive data types: The non-primitive
data types include Classes, Interfaces, and
Arrays.

Java program
Prof. K. Adisesha
22
Primitive data types: :
Data Type Characteristics Range
byte 8 bit signed integer -128 to 127
short 16 bit signed integer -32768 to 32767
int 32 bit signed integer -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
long 64 bit signed integer -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to- 9,223,372,036,854,775,807
float 32 bit floating point number + 1.4E-45 to
+ 3.4028235E+38
double 64 bit floating point number + 4.9E-324 to
+ 1.7976931348623157E+308
boolean true or false NA, note Java booleans cannot be converted to or from other types
char 16 bit, Unicode Unicode character, u0000 to uFFFF Can mix with integer types

Operator Type Category Precedence
Unary postfix expr++ expr--
prefix ++expr --expr +expr -expr ~ !
Arithmetic multiplicative * / %
additive + -
Shift shift << >> >>>
Relational comparison < > <= >= instanceof
equality == !=
Bitwise bitwise AND &
bitwise exclusive OR ^
bitwise inclusive OR |
Logical logical AND &&
logical OR ||
Ternary ternary ? :
Assignment assignment = += -= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <<= >>= >>>=
Java program
Prof. K. Adisesha
23
Operators in Java:
Operator in Java is a symbol that is used to perform operations.
➢ Types of operators in Java:
❖ Unary Operator,
❖ Arithmetic Operator,
❖ Shift Operator,
❖ Relational Operator,
❖ Bitwise Operator,
❖ Logical Operator,
❖ Ternary Operator and
❖ Assignment Operator.

Java program
Prof. K. Adisesha
24
Java Keywords:
Java keywords are also known as reserved words. These are predefined words by Java
so they cannot be used as a variable or object name or class name.
abstract assert boolean break byte case
catch char class const continue default
do double else enum extends final
finally float for goto if implements
import instanceof int interface long native
new package private protected public return
short static strictfp super switch synchronized
this throw throws transient try void
volatile while

Java program
Prof. K. Adisesha
25
Java Control Statements:
Java provides three types of control flow statements:
➢ Decision Making statements
❖ if statements
❖ switch statement
➢ Loop statements
❖ do while loop
❖ while loop
❖ for loop
❖ for-each loop
➢ Jump statements
❖ break statement
❖ continue statement
if(condition) {
statement 1; //executes when condition is true
}
else{
statement 2; //executes when condition is false
}
for(initialization; condition; increment/decrement){
//statement or code to be executed
}

Java program
Prof. K. Adisesha
26
Decision Making statements:
Decision-making statements decide which statement to execute and when. Decision-
making statements evaluate the Boolean expression and control the program flow
depending upon the result of the condition provided:
➢ If Statement:
❖ Simple if statement
❖ if-else statement
❖ if-else-if ladder
❖ Nested if-statement
public class Student
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int x = 10;
int y = 12;
if(x+y < 10) { System.out.println("x + y is less than 10"); }
else { System.out.println("x + y is greater than 20"); }
}
}

Java program
Prof. K. Adisesha
27
Decision Making statements:
Decision-making statements decide which statement to execute and when. Decision-
making statements evaluate the Boolean expression and control the program flow
depending upon the result of the condition provided: switch(expression) {
case value :
// Statements
break; // optional
case value :
// Statements
break; // optional
// You can have any number of case statements.
default : // Optional
// Statements
}
➢Switch Statement: In Java, Switch statements are
similar to if-else-if statements. The switch
statement contains multiple blocks of code called
cases and a single case is executed based on the
variable which is being switched

Java program
Prof. K. Adisesha
28
Loop Statements:
loop statements are used to execute the set of instructions in a repeated order. The
execution of the set of instructions depends upon a particular condition.
➢for loop : In Java, for loop is similar to C and C++. It enables us to initialize the loop variable,
check the condition, and increment/decrement in a single line of code.
for(initialization, condition, increment/decrement)
{ //block of statements }
➢while loop : It is also known as the entry-controlled loop since the condition is checked at the
start of the loop. If the condition is true, then the loop body will be executed.
➢do-while loop : It is also known as the exit-controlled loop since the condition is not checked in
advance. The syntax of the do-while loop is given below.
while(condition){
//looping statements
}
do {
//statements
} while (condition);

Java program
Prof. K. Adisesha
29
Java - Arrays:
Java provides a data structure, the array, which is used to store a collection of
sequential collection of elements of the same type.
➢ Declaring Array Variables:
dataType[] arrayRefVar; // preferred way.
or
dataType arrayRefVar[]; // works but not preferred way.
➢ Creating Arrays
arrayRefVar = new dataType[arraySize];
dataType[] arrayRefVar = new dataType[arraySize];
dataType[] arrayRefVar = {value0, value1, ..., valuek};
dataType[][] arrayRefVar = new dataType[Size][Size];
➢ Example:
double[] myList; // preferred way.
or
double myList[]; // works but not preferred way.
➢ Example:
double[] myList = new double[10];
or
double[] myList = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5};
or
int[][] myNumbers = { {1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7} };

Java program
Prof. K. Adisesha
30
Java Arrays Loop:
When processing array elements, we often use either for loop or foreach loop because
all of the elements in an array are of the same type and the size of the array is known.
➢ Passing Arrays to Methods: Just as you can pass primitive
type values to methods, you can also pass arrays to methods.
For example.
public static void printArray(int[] array) {
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
System.out.print(array[i] + " ");
}
}.
public class TestArray
{
{ double[] myList = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5};
// Print all the array elements
for (double element: myList) {
System.out.println(element);
}
}
}

Java program
Prof. K. Adisesha
31
Program to Reverse a Number in Java:
public class ReverseNumber
{
{
int number = 987654, reverse = 0;
while(number != 0)
{
int remainder = number % 10;
reverse = reverse * 10 + remainder;
number = number/10;
}
System.out.println("The reverse of the given number is: " + reverse);
}
}

Discussion
Prof. K. Adisesha (Ph. D)
32
Queries ?
Prof. K. Adisesha
9449081542

JAVA PPT Part-1 BY ADI.pdf

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