2. What Is Stress?
[Stress] – the unconscious preparation to
fight or flee that a person experiences when
faced with any demand
[Stressor ] – the person or event that
triggers the stress response
[Distress (or strain)] – the adverse
psychological, physical, behavioral, and
organizational consequences that may arise
as a result of stressful events
4. COGNITIVE APPRAISAL
Individuals differ in their
appraisal of events and
people
What is stressful for one
person is not for another
Perception and cognitive
appraisal determines what
is stressful
6. PERSON-ENVIRONMENT
FIT
Confusing and conflicting expectations
in a social role create stress.
Good person-environment fit occurs
when one’s skills and abilities match a
clearly defined set of role
expectations.
Stress occurs when expectations are
confusing or when they conflict with
one’s skills.
11. Positive Stress
Stress
response itself is neutral
Some stressful activities (aerobic exercise,
etc.) can enhance a person’s ability to
manage stressful demands or situations
Stress can provide a needed energy boost
15. Organizational Distress
Participative Problems – a cost associated
with absenteeism, tardiness, strikes and
work stoppages, and turnover
Stress
effects
a company’s
bottom line
Performance Decrement – a cost resulting
from poor quality or low quantity of
production, grievances, and unscheduled
machine downtime and repair
Compensation Award – an organizational
cost resulting from court awards for job
distress
18. Type A Behavior Patterns
Competitiveness
Time
urgency
Social
Status Insecurity
Aggression
Hostility
Quest
for achievements
19. Personality Hardiness
[Personality Hardiness]
challenge (versus threat)
commitment (versus alienation)
control (versus powerlessness)
[Transformational Coping]
active process of modifying one’s
perception of an event in order to
reduce stress.
21. Preventative Stress Management
Primary Prevention – the stage in preventive stress
management designed to reduce, modify, or eliminate the
demand or stressor
Secondary Prevention – the stage in preventive stress
management designed to alter or modify the individual’s
or the organization’s response to a demand or stressor
Tertiary Prevention – the stage in preventive stress
management designed to heal individual or organizational
symptoms of distress and strain
27. What Can Managers Do?
Learn
how to create healthy stress
without distress
Help
employees adjust to new
technologies
Be
sensitive to early signs of distress
Be
aware of gender, personality, and
behavioral differences
Use
principles and methods of
preventive stress management
![What Is Stress?
[Stress] – the unconscious preparation to
fight or flee that a person experiences when
faced with any demand
[Stressor ] – the person or event that
triggers the stress response
[Distress (or strain)] – the adverse
psychological, physical, behavioral, and
organizational consequences that may arise
as a result of stressful events](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)