Thomas Schelling was an American economist born in 1921 who published The Strategy of Conflict in 1960, detailing his ideas on applying game theory to international relations and policymaking. He is recognized for applying game theory concepts like uncertainty and credibility to analyze strategic situations during the Cold War. Schelling won the 2005 Nobel Prize in Economics for his work developing game theory and showing how competitive situations can be modeled mathematically to find strategies that maximize benefits.