ffa diagnosis

1. PATHOLOGIES IN FFA

2. DRUSEN
During fluorescence
angiography the drusen
appear as
hyperfluorescent
without any indication of
leakage in the late phase.

3. GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY OF
THE RPE
sharply margined central
area of transmission of the
choroidal vascular
fluorescence

4. CLASSIC CNV
hyperfluorescence in the
early
phase with a surrounding
zone of hypofluorescence

5. CLASSIC CNV
In the late phase there is a
heavy leakage of
fluorescein,
which reaches beyond the
border of the CNV

6. OCCULT CNV
first a reduction of background
fluorescence, later is an
irregular
area of hyperfluorescence
apparent, with no indication of
its point of origin. In the late
phase there is a distinct area of
leakage with pooling of the
fluorescent dye beneath the RPE

7. AVASCULAR SEROUS RPE
DETACHMENT
shows homogeneous
filling of the RPE
detachment with
fluorescein

8. VASCULAR SEROUS RPE
DETACHMENT
circular RPE detachment
marked by a round zone
of hypofluorescence
zone of hyperfluorescence
appears later, indicating a
focus of
neovascularization

9. BREAKS IN THE RPE
The torn borders are
sharply defined.
The leakage in the late
phase suggests that a CNV
membrane is present

10. BREAKS IN RPE

11. ANGIOID STREAK

12. IPCV
Bordering the temporal
margin of the optic disc
diffuse, progressive
leakage of fluid

13. RAP
neovascular process
originates not in the
choroid, but in the retina
Whether the
neovascularization lies
completely within the retina
and has no subretinal
components cannot be
reliably determined by

14. CHQ TOXICITY Window defect

15. COAT’S

16. OIS

17. EAL’S
Active disease is
characterized by
periphlebitis which causes
leakage of dye and staining
of the walls of the vein.
predominantly affects the
peripheral veins but can also
involve the larger posterior
veins
Late phase shows extensive

18. EAL’S

19. EAL’S
In most cases of Eales’
disease, the changes are
restricted to the peripheral
fundus

20. PFT
represents Group 1A type of
pft. Hard exudates are
common in this type.
Involvement of the entire
parafoveal network
differentiates this from a
small tributary vein
occlusion in which the
changes would be restricted
to the affected segment.

21. ACUTE RETINAL PIGMENT
EPITHELIITIS (KRILL’S
DISEASE)
Fundus shows yellow to
gray lesions located at the
RPE level, surrounded by a
yellow halo, usually in the
perifoveal area
FFA - a hypofluorescent
center surrounded by a
hyperfluorescent halo
similar to honeycomb
appearance.

22. APMPPE

23. GEOGRAPHIC HELICOID
PERIPAPILLARY
CHOROIDOPATHY
Active GHPC lesions are
hypofluorescent in the
early phase and
hyperfluorescent with
fuzzy margins in the late
film.

24. VKH
Multiple pinpoint
hyperfluorescent spots in
the arteriovenous phase
with extensive late pooling
of the dye in the subretinal
space is typical of VKH.

25. BIRDSHOT
RETINOCHOROIDOPATHY
In contrast to APMPPE and
GHPC, the lesions in
birdshot
retinochoroidopathy do
not show
hypofluorescence in the
early

26. PERIVASCULITIS
sarcoidosis, collagenosis
retinopathy, multiple
sclerosis, and infections,
such as tuberculosis,
syphilis, and
toxoplasmosis

28. INFLAMMATORY MACULAR
EDEMA
Generalized disturbance of
the blood-retinal barrier
middle phase shows a
diffuse leakage of dye. In
the late phase the extent
of
the macular edema is
clearly recognizable