5. Rust of Wheat Three species of Puccinia
causing rust
2
Pathogen:
โข Biotrophic, Obligately parasitic, Basidiospores not
contained within Basidiocarp, macrocyclic
(5 possible spore types), heteroecious
โข The three species of Puccinia causing rust:
Stem rust or black rust
(Puccinia graminis)
Leaf or brown rust
(Puccinia recondite)
Stripe or yellow rust
(Puccinia striiformis)
6. Rust of Wheat Stem Rust
2
โข Stem rust (Puccinia graminis) is a
destructive fungal disease of wheat,
marked by reddish-brown pustules on
the stems
7. Rust of Wheat Leaf or Brown Rust
2
โข Leaf rust, caused by (Puccinia
recondita), is a common fungal disease
affecting wheat crops, characterized by
brown rust pustules on the leaves.
8. Rust of Wheat Stripe or Yellow Rust
2
โข Stripe rust, caused by (Puccinia
striiformis), is a fungal disease
impacting wheat crops, manifesting as
yellow rust stripes on the leaves.
10. Smut of Wheat
3
Two species of Ustilago
causing smut
โข Disease of hills and terai, internally seed borne
Causal agent: Ustilago nuda
The teliospores are single celled and formed irregularly from
fertile hyphae.
๏ Teliospores are olivaceous brown, spherical to oval,
measures 5-9ฮผm in diameter
๏ The two species of Ustilago causing smut:
Loose smut
(Ustilago nuda)
Flag smut
(Urocystis agropyri)
11. Smut of Wheat
3
Loose smut of wheat
โข Loose smut of wheat, caused by the fungus
Ustilago tritici, is a significant disease
affecting wheat crops. The fungus replaces
wheat grains with dark smut spores, leading
to yield losses and reduced grain quality
12. Smut of Wheat
3
Flag smut of wheat
โข Flag smut of wheat, caused by the fungus
Urocystis agropyri, is a disease that affects
wheat plants, particularly during the flag
leaf stage. It manifests as black streaks on
the leaves and can lead to yield losses
17. Epidemiology
5
Rust of wheat
Environmental Factors: Favorable
conditions for rust development include cool
temperatures and high humidity. Regions with
such climates, such as parts of North America,
Europe, and Asia, are prone to rust outbreaks
Global Impact: Rust epidemics have
historically caused significant yield losses,
prompting ongoing research to develop resistant
wheat varieties and effective control strategies
18. Epidemiology
5
Smut of wheat
Temperature Influence: Loose smut tends
to thrive in warmer climates, while flag smut
incidence may vary based on local temperatures
during the flag leaf stage
Control Measures: Global efforts focus on
implementing cultural practices, including seed
treatments and crop rotation, along with the
development and deployment of resistant wheat
varieties
20. Disease Management
Strategies
6
Cultural Practices Quarantine
Measures
Chemical Control Climate-Smart
Agriculture
Selective
Breeding
Biological Control
Genetic
Engineering
Early Detection
and Monitoring
Public Awareness
and Education
Resistant
Varieties
Integrated Pest
Management
(IPM)
21.
22. Thanks Two Conditions of Wheat
So beautiful, so elegant
just looking like a wow
Moye Moye