1. Wheat production has increased 112% since the early 1980s while area under wheat cultivation only increased 21%, showing improved yields.
2. Diseases like rust are major constraints on wheat cultivation. The three main rusts are stripe rust, leaf rust, and stem rust.
3. Rust diseases have a complex life cycle alternating between wheat and barberry plants. Spores produced on wheat spread to barberry to complete the cycle.
4. Key strategies for managing rust in wheat include deploying resistant varieties and applying fungicides during flag leaf emergence to ear emergence periods. Proper timing is important for effective control.
4. Area under wheat cultivation raised 21% during four decades whereas
wheat production is 112% more than It was harvested in the early 80s
(Food and Agriculture Organization 2020)
5. To guarantee global food security for future generations the estimated yearly increase in
agricultural productivity needs to be raised from the current 2 % per year to 3 % per year
(Von Braun 2010).
6. FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR REDUCED YIELD
1. Late reaping of summer crops like sugarcane, cotton, and rice, and following deferred
planting of wheat
2. Unavailability of inputs like seed
3. Inappropriate application of fertilizer
4. Weed infestation
5. Scarcity of irrigation water
6. Terminal heat
7. Deficiency in precipitation,
8. Soil poverty.
17. Lasley A Boyd (2005) Can Robigus defeat an old enemy? Yellow
Rust of Wheat Article in The Jour. Agri. Sci. 143 (4):233-243
The rust diseases have plagued cereal cultivation
from early days of domestication. Biblical accounts
report on plight of Hebrews resulting from severe
rust epidemics, while the ancient Greeks and
romans made offerings to Corn god Robigus in
attempts to defeat these devastating diseases.
Man’s approach in fighting plant diseases have
changed since the times of romans but still the fight
continues while we have won many battles the war
is not yet over
19. Stage 1 In Wheat:
Aeciospores germinate on
Wheat; Later dikyryotic
hyphae form Uredia bearing
Uredospores
Aeciospores
Uredospore
20. Stage 2 Wheat:
Seasonal changes triggers
formation of telia bearing
teliospores in stead of
Uredospores
Teliospore
Wheat Leaf with Telia
21. Stage 3 Wheat:
Teliospore produce promyclia
bearing basidiospores on basidia
basidiospores
of a rust
fungus
basidium
Teliospore
22. Stage 4 In Barberry:
Basidiospores germinate
bearing receptive hypha
and spermatia (Pycnial
Stage).Nuclei of opposite
strains remain in common
protoplasm.
28. List of Recommended Varieties in
Pothowar Region
•Markaz-19
•Barani-17
•Zincol-15
•Borlaug-15
•Ujala-15
•Fatehjang-16
•Anaj-17
29. Following Fungicides are suggested to
recommend
Tebuconazole
Triadimefon
Propiconazole
Difenoconazole
30. Badly-timed sprays suffer as much disease as those untreated,
suggesting that either the fungicides are applied too late or do not
control the disease effectively.
Fungicides applied during the period from flag leaf emergence to ear
emergence (GS 37- 59) offer the best prospects for cost-effective rust
control in wheat
31. If initial symptom
appear in patches
in early February
there is no need to
apply fungicides
just destroy the
infected plants
If disease appears
when spikes are in
ripening stage and
has not ripened
yet the damage is
not enough
therefore it is not
suggested to spray
