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Endodontics - An Introduction
1. A N I N T R O D U C T I O N
ENDODONTICS
Dr. Aaron Sarwal
2. DEFINITION
Branch of dentistry concerned with the:
Morphology
Physiology
Pathology of the human dental pulp and peri-radicular tissues.
Abscess
3. SCOPE OF ENDODONTICS
Its study and practice
encompass:
Biology of the normal pulp
Etiology
Diagnoses
Prevention
Treatment of diseases and
injuries of the pulp and
associated peri-radicular tissues.
4. PRINCIPLES OF ENDODONTIC THERAPY
Diagnosis
Patient education
Local anaesthesia
Isolation
Rubber dam isolation
Access cavity
Working length
Instrumentation
Obturation
Final restoration
5. DIAGNOSIS
According to Ingle, diagnosis is
the procedure of
Accepting a patient
Recognizing that he has a problem
Determining the cause of the
problem and
Developing a treatment plan that will
solve or alleviate the problem
7. PATIENT EDUCATION
Patient should be informed
about the condition of his
teeth and the treatment
options available.
Instructions to the patient
about improvement of the
oral hygiene.
8. LOCAL ANAESTHESIA
Similar to the local anesthesia given for various other
dental procedures.
Supplemental anesthesia may be required for certain
cases – "Hot Tooth"
9. ISOLATION
Rubber Dam isolation - usually
a single tooth isolation.
Isolation is very important not
only for maintaining a sterile
field but also to prevent
aspiration of irrigation
materials and instruments
14. FINAL RESTORATION
Many options.
Ideally should provide
strength to the remaining
tooth structure.
Should promote physiological
function of the tooth and the
surrounding tissues.
15. INDICATIONS
Carious teeth [caries involving
pulp]
Teeth with irreversible pulpitis
Necrotic pulps
Treatable periodontal conditions
[endo-perio lesions]
Salvageable resorptive defects
Supra-erupted teeth with good
bone support
Fractured teeth involving pulp
Intentional endodontics for FPD's
or over-dentures
20. Patient's general medical
condition:
Patients general medical
condition is never an absolute
contraindication to
endodontic therapy
However, management of
other medical conditions may
take precedence over
endodontic therapy for eg:
pregnancy, diabetes,
hypertension.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
21. BEFORE UNDERTAKING ENDODONTICS
Relating to the tooth in question:
Is the tooth needed or important?
Does it have an opponent?
Could it some day serve as an abutment for prosthesis?
Is the tooth salvageable, or is it so badly destroyed that it
cannot be restored?
22. BEFORE UNDERTAKING ENDODONTICS
Relating to the patient’s general dentition:
Is the tooth serving esthetically, or would the patient be better
served by its extraction and a more cosmetic replacement?
Is the tooth so severely involved periodontally that it would be
lost soon for this reason?
23. The future of endodontics is very
bright, indeed!
Techniques and material
advancements make the future of
endodontics exciting and profitable
for all dentists.
Instrumentation also will evolve
dramatically. We will see more
sophisticated design features on
rotary files to increase efficiency, yet
maintain safety, as with the new K3
file by SybronEndo.
FUTURE OF ENDODONTICS
24. FUTURE OF ENDODONTICS
Enhanced magnification, using
either a microscope or loupes,
is a must when performing
challenging endodontic
procedures.
In the future, as these tools
become more affordable, we
will observe more general
practitioners performing dental
procedures under a microscope
or with a good set of loupes and
an external light source.
25. Obturation has benefitted from major
changes in the past 10 years. Expect
the introduction of new materials,
and also a change in sealer
characteristics.
Most likely, more "resin dentistry"
will be introduced into endodontics.
The art of filling a root canal will
progress scientifically.
However, future obturation
improvements will continue to be
contingent upon good cleaning and
shaping.
FUTURE OF ENDODONTICS