its about tuberculosis disease for nursing students

1. CLINICAL SPECIALITY – II CARDIOVASCULAR & THORACIC
NURSING
UNIT V CARDIAC DISORDERS AND NURSING MANAGEMENT
TUBERCULOSIS

2. General objective:
 At the end of this class students will be acquainted with
Tuberculosis.
Specific objective:
 Define Tuberculosis.
 Mention the causes of Tuberculosis
 Discuss the types of Tuberculosis
 Describe clinical manifestation of Tuberculosis
 Discuss management of Tuberculosis.

4.  Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by
mycobacterium tuberculosis. It usually involves the
lungs, but it also occurs in the larynx, kidneys , bones,
adrenal glands, lymph nodes and meninges and can be
disseminated throughout the body.
TUBERCULOSIS

5. MODE OF TRANSMISSION

6.  Close contact with TB patient.
 Inhalation of airborne nuclei from an infected person.
 Immunocompromised status ( HIV, Cancer, prolonged
high-dose corticosteroid therapy)
 Substance abuse.
 Pre-existing medical condition.
 Living in overcrowded , substandard living.
RISK FACTORS

8. Exposure to source
Aerosolization of droplet
nuclei
Inhalation of bacteria
Bacteria reach lungs enter
macrophages
Bacteria multiply in
macrophages
Granulomatous lesions begins
to form ( caseous necrosis)
Lesion liqifies & spread to
blood , organs
Death

10.  Tuberculin skin test
 Chest x- ray
 Bacterial studies
 Quantiferon-TB(QFT)
Diagnostic evaluation

12. First line drugs “PERIS”
 Pyrazinamide.
 Ethambutol.
 Rifampicin.
 Isoniazid.
 Streptomycin.

13. Second Line drugs:
 Fluroquinolones.
 Aminoglycosides (Kanamycin, amikacin, capreomycin)
 Ethionamide
 P-Amino salicylic acid
 Cylcoserine.

15. Improving Breathing Pattern
 Administer and teach self-administration of medications
as ordered
 Encourage rest and avoidance of exertion
 Monitor breath sounds, respiratory rate, sputum
production, and dyspnea
 Provide supplemental oxygen as ordered.
NURSING MANAGEMENT

16. Preventing Transmission of Infection
 Be aware that TB is transmitted by respiratory droplets or
secretions.
 Provide care for hospitalized patient in a negative-pressure
room to prevent respiratory droplets from escaped when
door is opened.
 Enforce rule that all staff and visitors use well-fitted
standard dust/mist/fume masks for contact with patient.

17.  Use high-efficiency particulate masks, such as high-
efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter masks, for high-
r_M procedures, including suctioning, bronchoscopy, or
pentamidine treatments.
 Use standard precautions for additional protection—
gowns and gloves for direct contact with patient, linens ::
articles in room, meticulous hand washing.

18. Improving Nutritional Status
 Explain the importance of eating a nutritious diet to
promote healing and improve defense against infection.
 Provide small, frequent meals and liquid supplements
during symptomatic period.
 Monitor weight.
 Administer vitamin supplements, as ordered, particularly
pyridoxine (vitamin B(.) to prevent peripheral neuropathy
in patients taking isoniazid.

19. Improving Compliance
 Educate the patient about the etiology, transmission, and
effects of TB. Stress the importance of continuing to take
medicine for the prescribed time because bacilli multiply
slowly and thus can only be eradicated over a long period
 Review adverse effects of the drug therapy. Question the
patient specifically about common toxicities of drugs
being used, and emphasize immediate reporting should
these occur.

20.  Participate in observation of medication taking, weekly pill
counts, or other programs designed to increase compliance with
treatment for TB.