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1. INFECTION PREVENTION
AND CONTROL

2. INTRODUCTION
Infection is one of the leading causes of preventable
death in hospitals every year. The center of Disease
Control and Prevention estimated that there are
approximately 2 million preventable infections in
hospital every year, leading to 90,000 unnecessary
deaths. Regardless of the work area, preventing
the transmission of organism is concern of all
nurses.

3. Infection
 The invasion of bodily
tissue by pathogenic
microorganisms that
proliferate, resulting in
tissue injury that can
progress to disease.

4. Infection Prevention
Infection prevention refers to
policies and procedures used to
minimize the risk of spreading
infections, especially in hospital
and human or animal health care
facilities.

5. Infectious Disease
Infectious diseases are caused by
pathogenic microorganisms, such as
bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; the
diseases can be spread, directly or
indirectly, from one person to another.
Zoonotic diseases are infectious
diseases of animals that can cause
disease when transmitted to
humans.(WHO)

6. INFECTION PREVENTION
1. Standard Precautions
2. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
3. Transmission Based Precautions
• Contact Precautions
• Droplet Precautions
• Airborne Precautions
4. Multi Drug Resistant Organisms (MDRO)
5. A safe Environment
• Cleaning and Disinfection
• Blood and Body Fluid Exposure (BBFE)

7. Standard Precaution is Defined as “A set of
Precautionary measures including good hand
hygiene practices and use of protective barriers
during routine patient care carried out by health care
workers(HCW).”
1. Standard Precaution

9. 5 Moments of Hand Hygiene

10. 2. Personal protective equipment
The Personal Protective equipment
consists of garments placed to
protect the health care workers or
any other persons to get infected.
These usually consist of standard
precautions: gloves, mask, gown.

11. Cont.
If it is blood or airborne high infections, will
include:
Face protection, goggles and mask or faceshield,
gloves, gown or coverall, head cover, rubber
boots. (WHO)

12. 3. Transmission Based Precautions
 When Standard Precautions are not quite
enough
• Contact Precautions
• Droplet Precautions
• Airborne Precautions
 Used in addition to standard Precaution

13. • Contact Precautions
 Used when in direct contact with
patient or their environment
e.g. Scabies, MRSA, Diarrhoea

14. • Droplet Precautions
 Used for diseases which generate
large droplets which travel approx.
1-2 m then fall to the floor.
e.g. Influenza

15. • Airborne Precautions
Used for diseases which
carried on small droplet
nuclei suspended in the
air.
e.g. Pulmonary TB,
Chickenpox, Measles

16. 4. Multi Drug Resistant Organisms
(MDRO)
 ESBL- Producing Enterobacteriaceae
• E. Coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae most
common
 VRE
• Vancomycin- resistant E. faecium & E.
Faecalis
 MRSA
• Methicillin- resistant staphylococcus
aureus
 MDR-GNB
• MDR Acinetobacter baumanii

17. Cleaning and Disinfection
5. A safe Environment

18. Blood and Body Fluid Exposure (BBFE)
• Report all BBFE
• BBFE Packs in clinical areas
• Pink reporting form
• Hepatitis B immunization

19. INFECTION CONTROL
Infection Control Measures practiced by health care
personnel to prevent spread, transmission &
acquisition of infection between clients, from health
care providers to clients & from clients to healthcare
provider.

20. STRATEGY TO ACHIEVE INFECTION
CONTROL
 Appropriate diagnosis, treatment and
prevention of nosocomial infections
 Hand Hygiene
 Decontamination
 Following standard precautions
 Environmental Sanitation
 Appropriate Donning & Doffing of the
PPE’s.
 Biomedical Waste Management

21. STAFF TRAINING
 Health Care Workers are at risk of acquiring infection, they can also
transmit infection to patients and other employee.
 Employee health history must be reviewed, immunizations
recommendations to be considered.
 Release from work if sick, occupation injury must be notified.
 Continuous education to improve practice, better performance of
new techniques.
 Master institutional infection control orientation and in service
education program-for all level staff.
 Wards/departmental in service training program.
 Infection control seminar/workshops and symposia.