This document discusses planning tools that can help guide organizational implementation efforts. It describes seven specific tools: affinity diagram, interrelationship diagram, tree diagram, prioritization matrix, matrix diagram, process decision program chart, and activity network diagram. For each tool, it provides a brief definition and example use case. The benefits of using these proven planning tools are that they can help complete tasks more quickly and easily compared to ad-hoc methods, reduce unnecessary analysis, guide users to success, and provide standardized techniques that gain acceptance.

1. Assignment Name:- Planning Tools
Submit To:- Sir Fahad Maqbool
Submit By:- Zunera Latif
Roll No:- 27860 (1.5 year)
Registration No:- 2017-GCUF-
Government College University
Faisalabad
PLAN IMPLEMENTATION

2. PLANNING
Planning is based on the theory of “thinking before acting”.
Planning is an part of our life. We make plans in each and every step
of life.
"Planning is usually interpreted as a process to develop a strategy to
achieve desired objectives, to solve problems, and to facilitate
action“
(Mitchell 2002, 6).
“Planning is deciding in advance, what is to be done. When a
manager plans, he projects a course of action for the future,
attempting to achieve a consistent, coordinated structure of
operations aimed at the desired results.”
(Haimann)

3. “Planning is the thinking process, the organized
foresight, the vision based on fact and experience that
is required for intelligent action.”
(Alford and Beaty)
“Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done. It
involves the selection of objectives, policies,
procedures and programs from among alternatives.”
(ME. Hurley)
PLANNING

5. Planning Tools are instruments that help guide
organizational action steps related to
implementation of an initiative, program, or
intervention. They may provide detailed
descriptions about the county
implementation plan and how it was developed.
PLANNING TOOLS

6. 1.Affinity Diagram (KJ Method)
2.Interrelationship Diagram (ID)
3.Tree Diagram
4.Prioritization Matrix
5.Matrix Diagram or quality table
6.Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC)
7.Activity Network Diagram
SEVEN MANAGEMENT
AND PLANNING TOOLS

7. Affinity Diagram: organizes a large number of ideas into their
natural relationships
Affinity diagrams are a special kind of brainstorming tool that
organize large amounts of disorganized data and information into
groupings based on natural relationships.
It was created in the 1960s by the Japanese anthropologist Jiro
Kawakita. It is also known as KJ diagram, after Jiro Kawakita. An
Affinity Diagram is used when:
1) You are confronted with many facts or ideas in apparent chaos.
2) Issues seem too large and complex to grasp.
AFFINITY DIAGRAMS

8. InterRelations Diagram: shows cause-and-effect
relationships and helps you analyze the natural links
between different aspects of a complex situation.
This tool displays all the interrelated cause-and-
effect relationships and factors involved in a complex
problem and describes desired outcomes. The process
of creating an interrelationship diagram helps a group
analyze the natural links between different aspects of a
complex situation.
INTERRELATIONSHIP
DIAGRAM (ID)

9. Tree Diagram: breaks down broad categories into
finer and finer levels of detail, helping you move your
thinking step by step from generalities to specifics.
This tool is used to break down broad categories into
finer and finer levels of detail. It can map levels of
details of tasks that are required to accomplish a goal
or solution or task. Developing a tree diagram directs
concentration from generalities to specifics.
TREE DIAGRAM

10. This tool is used to prioritize items and describe them
in terms of weighted criteria. It uses a combination of
tree and matrix diagramming techniques to do a pair-
wise evaluation of items and to narrow down options
to the most desired or most effective. Popular
applications for the Prioritization Matrix
include return on investment (ROI) or Cost–benefit
analysis (investment vs. return), time management
matrix (urgency vs. importance), etc.
PRIORITIZATION
MATRIX

11. Matrix Diagram: shows the relationship between two, three or
four groups of information and can give information about the
relationship, such as its strength, the roles played by various
individuals, or measurements.
This tool shows the relationship between two or more sets of
elements. At each intersection, a relationship is either absent or
present. It then gives information about the relationship, such
as its strength, the roles played by various individuals or
measurements. The matrix diagram enables you to analyze
relatively complex situations by exposing interactions and
dependencies between things. Six differently shaped matrices
are possible: L, T, Y, X, C, R and roof-shaped, depending on
how many groups must be compared.
MATRIX DIAGRAM OR
QUALITY TABLE

12. Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC): systematically
identifies what might go wrong in a plan under development.
A useful way of planning is to break down tasks into a
hierarchy, using a tree diagram. The PDPC extends the tree
diagram a couple of levels to identify risks and
countermeasures for the bottom level tasks. Different shaped
boxes are used to highlight risks and identify possible
countermeasures (often shown as 'clouds' to indicate their
uncertain nature). The PDPC is similar to the Failure Modes
and Effects Analysis (FMEA) in that both identify risks,
consequences of failure, and contingency actions; the FMEA
also rates relative risk levels for each potential failure point.
PROCESS DECISION
PROGRAM CHART (PDPC)

13. This tool is used to plan the appropriate sequence or
schedule for a set of tasks and related subtasks. It is
used when subtasks must occur in parallel. The
diagram helps in determining the critical path (longest
sequence of tasks). The Purpose is to help people
sequentially define, organize, and manage a complex
set of activities.
ACTIVITY NETWORK
DIAGRAM

14.  Rather than using ad-hoc and own methods for planning and
decision making, use of these well-defined and proven
methods will help the user complete the task faster and easily.
 Also, time spent on unnecessary analysis and research is
reduced by using these tools.
 These tools guide the users to success on various aspects like
planning, decision making, arriving at the root cause and other
significant business activities.
 Using a standardized and universally accepted tools and
techniques wins acceptance and confidence among clients and
other business engagements.
BENEFITS OF USING THE SEVEN
MANAGEMENT TOOLS:

15. THANK YOU