2. Ancient history - a period in the history of the
Middle East, Europe and North Africa which
include the history of these regions from the
creation of the first civilizations to
approximately V century AD.
The accurate time-frame of this period isn't determined.
Usually, the creation of the civilization which history
had been written (that is the turn of IV century BC) is
accepted by many as the beginning of the prehistory.
There is no final date which would satisfy all interested
parties with this matter. It is usually connected with the
fall or serious transformations of the Roman Empire, so
for example year 476.

3. Mesopotamia - the oldest civilization which came into
existence in the river basin of the Euphrates and the Tigris
(modern-day Iraq's territory). The Mesopotamian soil was
fruitful, but lacked any mineral resources. A trade was
developing during this era. Babylon with half a million of
residents was a major city. The Sumer civilization started to
populate this region in the IV century BC. They cooperated
with the local population, and the first cities were an effect
of it. This civilization used a red brick for the first time.
Large temples were erected. They believed in many gods.
They had invented the cuneiform writing and it turned out
to be their biggest achievement. The number "zero", as well
as the Sexagesimal was also invented by the Sumer.

4. Egypt - the history of Egypt began in
approximately 3000 BC. The history of ancient
Egypt occurred in a series of stable Kingdoms,
separated by periods of relative instability known
as Intermediate Periods: the Old Kingdom of the
Early Bronze Age, the Middle Kingdom of the
Middle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of the
Late Bronze Age. A pharaoh ruled in Ancient
Egypt. Surrounded with priests he lived in the
palace. He was a medium between god and people.

5. India - the country which Alexander the Great conquered
between 327-326 BC had been in fact just its western
provinces which were controlled by the Persian Empire.
The army of Alexander the Great crossed Indus River and
entered Punjab; he decided to not to move on farther to the
east. At present, the areas which we are mentioning belong
to Pakistan, the country that was created after the World
War II; but these areas were historical part of India for
many centuries. The oldest Indian civilizations originated
from the Indus River valley. It was approximately the half
of the III millennium BC. Cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-
Daro were founded during that time.

6. China - a country which, together with Mesopotamia, is
the second oldest cradle of world civilization. The very
first mentions of China dating back to 1600 BC, are
connected with the tribal state with the slave system
(Shang In). Up to the 3rd century BC China was divided
into a lot of small states mutually fighting with each
other. The unified country came into existence in 221 BC
from the initiative of the Cheng, a king, the founder of the
Chin dynasty.