3. 1.THE INCAN CIVILIZATION
Civilization name: Incan civilization
period: 1438 AD–1532 AD
original location: Present-day peru
current location: Ecuador, peru, and
chile
major highlights: Largest empire in
south america in the pre-columbian
era
4. This civilization had its administrative, military and political center
located at cusco which lies in modern day peru.
The incas were devout followers of the sun god inti. They had a
king who was referred to as “sapa inca” meaning the child of the
sun.
The first inca emperor pachacuti transformed it from a modest
village to a great city laid out in the shape of a puma. The incas went
on to become great builders and went on to build fortresses and sites
like machu picchu and the city of cusco that still stand to this day.
5. 2. THE AZTEC CIVILIZATION
Civilization name: Aztec
civilization
Period: 1345 ad–1521 ad
Original Location: Southcentral
region of pre-columbian mexico
Current Location: Mexico
Major Highlights: Nahuatl became
the major language
6. The Aztecs were famous for their agriculture, cultivating all available
land, introducing irrigation, draining swamps, and creating artificial
islands in the lakes.
They developed a form of hieroglyphic writing, a complex calendar
system, and built famous pyramids and temples.
The city established by the Aztecs, Tenochtitlan, grew to become the
capital of their empire
Most Aztec gods had two faces and two sides (bad and good) to their
personalities.
In the early 1500s, the Aztec civilization was indeed at the height of its
power. But then, Spanish arrived with their expansion plans.
7. 3. THE ROMAN CIVILIZATION
Civilization name: Roman
civilization
Period: 550 BC–465 AD
Original location: Village of the
latini
Current location: Rome
Major highlights: Most powerful
ancient civilization
8. At the height of its power, the Romans ruled over the biggest chunk
of land in that era – all the present day counties surrounding the
modern day Mediterranean sea were a part of ancient Rome.
Early Rome was governed by kings, but after only seven of them
had ruled, the Romans took power over their own city and ruled
themselves.
Rome also saw the rise and fall of some of the greatest emperors in
human civilization, like Julius Caesar, Trajan and Augustus.
9. 4. THE PERSIAN CIVILIZATION
Civilization name: Persian civilization
Period: 550 BC–331 BC
Original location: Egypt in the west to
Turkey in the north, and through
Mesopotamia to the Indus river in the
east
Current location: Modern-day Iran
Major Highlights: Royal road
10. There was a time when ancient Persian civilization was in fact
the most powerful empires in the world.
Though only in power for a little over 200 years, the Persians
occupied lands that covered over 2 million square miles.
The Persian Empire was known for its military strength and wise
rulers.
Darius loses three battles with Alexander and is finally defeated
in 331. He is murdered in 330 B.C. The great Persian Empire is
no more.
11. 5. THE ANCIENT GREEK CIVILIZATION
Civilization name: Greek civilization
Period: 2700 BC–479 BC
Original Location: Italy, , North
Africa, and as far west as France
Current Location: Greece
Major Highlights: Concepts of
democracy and the Senate, the
Olympics
12. The ancient Greeks are one of the most influential civilizations to have
ever existed in the world. The rise of ancient Greece came from the
Cycladic and Minoan civilization (2700 BC – 1500 BC).
The Greeks created the ancient Olympics, the concept of democracy
and a senate.
They created the base for modern geometry, biology, physics.
Rome continued its conquest of Greece. The Greeks were finally
defeated at the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC. Rome completely
destroyed and robbed the city of Corinth as an example to
other Greek cities. From this point on Greece was ruled by Rome.
13. 6. THE CHINESE CIVILIZATION
Civilization name: Chinese
civilization
Period: 1600 bc–1046 bc
Original Location: Yellow River and
Yangtze region
Current Location: Country of China
Major Highlights: Invention of paper
and silk
14. Ancient China – also known as Han China, has doubtlessly one of
the most diverse history.
8000 - 2205 BC: Early Chinese settlers build small villages and
farm along the major rivers including the Yellow River.
Inventions and products: gunpowder, paper, printing, compass,
alcohol, cannons.
Chinese culture is one of the world's oldest cultures, tracing back to
thousands of years ago. Important components of Chinese
culture includes ceramics, architecture, music, literature, martial
arts, cuisine, visual arts, philosophy and religion.
15. 7. THE MAYAN CIVILIZATION
Civilization name: Mayan
civilization
Period: 2600 bc–900 ad
Original Location: Around present-
day yucatan
Current Location: Tabasco, and
Chiapas in Mexico,
Major Highlights: Complex
understanding of astronomy
16. The ancient Mayan civilization flourished in Central America from
about 2600 BC and had been much talked about in recent times because
of the timeline in the calendar they had created.
This is the most sophisticated civilization with a booming population of
about 19 million at its peak.
The ancient Mayans were culturally richer when compared to many of
the contemporary civilizations. The Mayans and Aztecs both built
pyramids, many of which are larger than those in Egypt.
17. 8. THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
Civilization name: Egyptian
civilization
Period: 3150 bc–30 bc
Original Location: Banks of the
Nile
Current Location: Egypt
Major Highlights: Construction of
pyramids
18. The ancient Egypt is one of the oldest and culturally richest
civilizations.
The ancient Egyptians are known for their prodigious culture, the
ever standing pyramids
The civilization started around 3150 BC with the political
unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first Pharaoh.
The ancient Egypt reached at its pinnacle towards the New
Kingdom, where Pharaohs like Ramsee the Great ruled with such
authority that another civilization of the Nubians also came under
Egyptian rule.
19. 9. THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
Civilization name: Indus valley civilization
Period: 3300 bc–1900 bc
Original Location: Around the basin of the
Indus river
Current location: Northeast Afghanistan to
Pakistan and northwest India
Major Highlights: One of the most
widespread civilizations, covering 1.25
million km
20. This civilization flourished in areas extending from what today is
northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.
Along with Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three
early civilizations of the Old World, and of the three the most
widespread, covering an area of 1.25 million km2.
The people of the Indus Civilization achieved great accuracy in
measuring length, mass, and time. And based on the artifacts found
in excavations, it is evident the culture was richer in arts and crafts.
21. 10. THE MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATION
Civilization name: Mesopotamian
civilization
period: 3500 bc–500 bc
original location: Northeast by the zagros
mountains, southeast by the arabian
plateau
current location: Iraq, syria, and turkey
major highlights: First civilization in the
world
22. This is the first of the civilization to have ever emerged on the face of
our planet.
The timeline of ancient mesopotamia is usually kept around 3300 BC
– 750 BC.
Mesopotamia is generally credited with being the first place where
civilized societies truly began to take shape.
Once the mesopotamians rose, they prospered in the regions of
modern day iraq – then known as babylonia, sumer and assyria
highlands.
