The document provides an overview of several ancient civilizations including Egyptian, Mesopotamian, and Chinese civilizations. It notes that the Egyptian civilization arose along the Nile River and was characterized by pyramids, temples, and hieroglyphic writing. The Mesopotamian civilization developed between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and the Sumerians created the first writing system there called cuneiform. The Chinese civilization originated along the Yellow River under early dynasties like the Shang who established an agricultural society with a hierarchical social structure.

1. ANCIENT CIVILIZATION OF
THE WORLD
PRES. BY , HARISHCHANDRA TEACHER GPUC
BELLARE

2. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
• Take birth on the bank of river Nile
• Huge pyramids , sculpture , temples
,inscription tell us about Egyptian
culture and history .

3. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

4. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

5. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

6. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

7. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

8. Contribution of Egyptian civilization
• Were expert farmers
• Knew about irrigation
• Built temples
• Invented calender
• Mastered the art of writing
• Writ in symbolic language
• Has been called hieroglyphics

9. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

10. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

11. NILE VALLEY -agriculture
• Nile river would transform the nile valley
into a huge lake .
• A fertile layer of clay soil would form the
grazing field .
• This fertile land provided food for people .
• They develop irrigation system through out
valley through small canals and wells.

12. mummy
• They believed in life after death
• The most powerful god of life and death was Osiris.
• They believed that man had to give an account of his
deeds on earth to god
• Life on earth was temporary and prepare for next life.
• Thus whole nile valley was reserved for the dead.
• The dead body smeared with chemicals and wrapped
with thin cloths . In this way the entire body preserved
• The body protected thus was called mummy

13. mummy

14. pyramids
• In the biginning graves were created by
carving into boulders on the hill.
• As the Egyptian moved north they had to
construct graves in the desert .
• Tall towers were built on these graves
• The kings and wealthy people vied with each
other to built taller and taller towers .
• These towers called pyramids

15. pyramids

16. pyramids

17. pyramids

18. Declain
• After an independent , prosperous life for
twenty centuries, arabian tribe HYKSOS
attacked egypt
• and ruled over 500 years
• They looted wealth of the egyptians
• So they did not become populer.
• Jews also hated by the people of egypt .

19. Declain
• The persian Emperor Cambyses occupied in
the 6th century B.C.
• Alexander occupied persia in 4th century .
• Egypt became a province of mecedonia.
• Ptolemie declared himself the king of egypt .
• He founded the city of Alexandriya .

20. Romans attack on egypt
• Romans attacked in 39 B.C.
• The last egyptian queen Cleopatra tried save her
country .
• The romans feared her beauty more than her troops .
• Twice she was successful from Romans .
• But Augustus did not succumb to her beauty ,
defeated her army .
• He planned carry her , she consumed poison , ended
her life.
• Then onwards egypt became a province of Rome.

21. Mesopotamian civilization
• Mesopotamian is an area which lies in a
valley between two rivers .
• The two rivers are , Euphrates and Tigris
• Fertility of this area that attracted the
people to it.
• Food crops could be grown with little effort
• Two tribes tried to establish control over
this area. These are northern hilly tribe and
nomadic tribe.

22. Mesopotamian civilization

23. Mesopotamian civilization

24. Mesopotamian civilization
• Sumerians developed a system of writing in
mesopotamia.
• Babylonian , assyrian , persian used this
system of writing , which was called
Cuneiform.
• The most important area of this
civilization was the southern part of
valley between the Euphrates and
Tigris rivers.

25. Mesopotamian civilization
• This area had been referred to as
Babylonia.
• Northern part of babylonian was called
Akhad
• The southern part sumer.
• The northern part of mesopotamia was
known as Assyria.

26. Mesopotamian civilization
• The history of mesootamia is a story of
end less hatred conflict.
• They worship their gods on the top of the
hill.
• They built artificial hills
• Established their places of worship there.
These were called Ziggurats.
• They did not know to built stairs and
surrounded them with sloping galleries.

27. Ziggurats

28. Ziggurats

29. Ziggurats

30. Hammurabi
• He was famous king of the Amorites.
• He built fabulous palace for himself in
Babylonia.
• He framed the code of justice for
administration.
• He made Babylonia the best administered
kingdom in the whole of the old world.

31. The chinese civilization
• the chinese civilization was established on
river Hwang Ho .
• It was also known as “China’s Sorrow”
• People of china referred to it as the “symbol
of sorrow”
• Because the floods of this river changed its
course every year.
• Inundated houses and agricultural land.

32. The chinese civilization

33. The chinese civilization

34. The chinese civilization
• The first ruling family of the chinese
civilization was the Shang dynasty.
• They ruled the period between 18th century
and 12th century B.C.
• Under their rule , the people had developed
a wonderful culture .
• Then Shang dynasty was overpowered by
the neighbouring chau dynasty.

35. The chinese civilization
• There was a section of officials below the
kings.
• The king allotted portion of land to the
officials.
• The officials supported the king during
battles.
• The next level of communities were
merchants and craftsmen.

36. The chinese civilization

37. The chinese civilization

38. The chinese civilization

39. The chinese civilization

40. The chinese civilization

41. The chinese civilization
• The lovest social hierarchy were the slaves.
• The prisoners of war were made slaves by
the kings.
• Shang kings soldiers wore bronze helmets
and metel armours .
• The bronze daggers , axes, bows, iron tipped
arrows which they used have been found.
• The people of shang dynasty depended on
agriculture.

42. The chinese civilization
• They had well organized system of irrigation.
• They used to grow plenty of rice.
• The chinies used to wear thin cotton
dresses.
• They used silk.
• Silk manufacturing was a prominent industry.
• They used to make excellent pots.

43. The chinese civilization
• They had learnt to make various object from
porcelain .
• The dead body buried along with wooden
articles , pots bronze vessel , other objects.
• The chinies tradition of writing began with
pictures . That was ideographic scripts.
• Writers used to write on silk and bamboo
slips.