Sociology MCQs Quiz Test Questions with Answers.pptx

Sociological Mcqs:
Governance theory is mainly occupied with institutional change and it involves
agency.
A. Political agency
B. Human agency
C. Public agency
D. None of these
Causes of necrosis includes ?
A. Injury
B. Cancer
C. Infection
D. All of above
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Positivism was first proposed by ?
A. Augustus Comte
B. Emily Durkheim
C. Herbert Spencer
D. None of these
Which of the followings are included in primary goals of a social science ?
A. Experimentation
B. Generalization
C. Prediction
D. All of these
Which of the following shape our ideas more than the other ?
A. Hereditary traits
B. Social groups interaction
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C. Both ‘a & b’
D. None of these
Social Location is the group membership that people have because of their ?
A. Status in society
B. Location in history and society
C. Location in a town
D. None of these
Sociological perspective means ?
A. Understanding human behavior in broader context of society
B. Understanding human behavior in narrower context of society
C. Both ‘a & b’
D. None of these
Which of these statements is correct ?
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A. causes and correlations are essentially the same
B. correlations always lead to causal explanations
C. causation cannot be inferred directly from correlation
D. correlations are one-way causal relationships
The decentralized city can be identified by ?
A.the shift of employment and service away from the inner city towards multiple
centers in smaller towns and rural areas
B. the degendering of public space as women use local facilities more
C. gentrification the movement of middle-class people back into the inner city
D. all of the above
Urbanization occurred in the nineteenth century because ?
A. commuters started moving out of villages and into cities
B. towns and cities were becoming increasingly planned and managed
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C. industrial capitalism led to a shift of population from rural to urban areas
D. transport systems were not provided so it was easier to live in the city
Wirth (1938) said that social relationships in the urban way of life were segmental
because ?
A. they were confined to particular areas of the city
B.people knew each other only through specific situational roles and not as whole
rounded individuals
C. there were distinctive patterns of activity for each social class
D. they were based on face to face interaction with close friends and family
Which regions of the world currently have the highest and lowest proportions respectively of
population living in cities ?
A. Highest Asia Lowest Africa
B. Highest Europe Lowest Oceania
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C. Highest North America Lowest Africa
D. Highest Europe Lowest Africa
The term collective consumption (Castells 1977) refers to ?
A. the privatization of public services by the Conservative government
B. the lifestyle practice of shopping in peer groups
C. the form of tuberculosis suffered by those who collect stamps
D. the provision of health housing and education services by the state
The theorist who associated city life with the development of a blase attitude
was ?
A. Tonnies
B. Simmel
C. Weber
D. Wirth
Which of the following was not a common feature of ancient cities ?
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A. walled boundaries
B. relatively small populations
C. a strong influence over external
D. geographically small in size
What is gentrification ?
A. the movement of the middle classes into suburban areas
B. a policy aimed at renovating inner-city council housing stock
C. building shopping centers in cities to create employment
D. renovation of run-down city neighborhoods to attract high income groups
In Which year did the urban areas of the world become more populous than rural areas ?
A. 1950
B. 1975
C. 1999
D. 2007
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Cultural restructuring has involved ?
A. regenerating cities in economic decline
B. turning industrial landscapes into tourist attractions
C. selling sites and images through the symbolic economy of media advertising
D. all of the above
Which of the following is not identified as a new form of community ?
A. ethnic communities based on shard identity and experiences of discrimination
B. gay villages which are formed in certain parts of large cities
C. sociological communities formed by unpopular lectures
D. virtual communities that exist only in cyberspace
The ecological approach to urban sociology involved studying ?
A.how social groups colonized different areas of the city and competed for
resources
B. the forms of wildlife and natural habitats that could be found on the edges of the city
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C. the way in which people organized collective protests about environmental issues
D. how men and women used the city’s public spaces differently
Which of the following is not identified by Fulcher & Scott as a criterion of community ?
A. a shared sense of identity and belonging together
B. common activities involving all -round relationships
C. a fixed geographical location
D. collective action based on common interests
Which of these is not a reason why the rate of urban growth is larger in developing countries
?
A.living in closely connected settlements is a social feature common in developing
countries
B.fertility rates are generally higher in developing countries including among city
dwellers
C. greater job opportunities encourage large-scale internal migration from rural areas to
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cities
D. reverse migration (from cities back to rural communities) can be harder in developing
societies once a livelihood in a rural community is lost
Who described urbanism as a way of life ?
A. Park
B. Hawley
C. Wirth
D. Burgess
The concept of collective consumption is most closely associated with ?
A. Hervey
B. Molotch
C. Castells
D. Saunders
What is urban recycling ?
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A. renovating inner-city buildings for occupation by the middle classes
B. a new domestic waste reduction strategy for inner-city areas
C. councils buying up cheap housing to turn into commercial developments
D. refurbishing old buildings and finding new uses for previously used land
Why does Mike Davis (1990) describe Los Angeles as a city of quartz ?
A. it has more millionaires than any other city
B. it has been hardened against the poor
C. it has been hardened against than any other US city
D. it has a policy of promoting opportunity for all
Which city is forecast to become the largest megacity by 2025 ?
A. New York
B. Mumbai
C. Beijing
D. Tokyo
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Who wrote The Metropolis and Mental Life (1903) ?
A. Louise Wirth
B. Robert Park
C. Georg Simmel
D. Max Weber
The terms crisis of the 1970s is used to refer to ?
A. declining profits and rising unemployment
B. the eradication of the welfare state
C. rising divorce rates and the decline of the traditional family
D. an unfortunate twist in fashion sensibility
Th market model of state welfare is based on the principle of_ ?
A. individuals buying welfare privately with some means-tested benefits
B. regular benefit payments to men as earners of the family wage
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C. a universalist system of welfare for all regardless of income
D. recommodifying social welfare through state provision
Post-modernist writers have argued that ?
A. we live in a world of superficial fragmented images
B. no theory is better than any other anything goes
C. society has changed, and we need new kinds of theory
D. all of the above
The first stage that existed in Pre-British era was when civil society existed in the form
of ?
A. NGOs
B. Baradaris
C. Rural Notables
D. Both b and c
The newest factor in the development equation is ?
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A. Media
B. NGOs
C. Civil Society
D. None of these
Human Rights Commission of Pakistan is Fighting for ?
A. Organizational development
B. Human rights
C. Social integrity
D. None of these
Judiciary has also played a part in destabilizing political structure of country
by ?
A. remaining silent
B. Approving unconstitutional intervention
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C. discapproving military actions
D. None of these
In Pakistan civil society is in developmental stages and ye has little influence in
the ?
A. Social issues
B. Political affairs
C. Policy making
D. None of these
Which of these distinguishes modern nation-states from traditional civilizations ?
A. a national identity with an associated set of symbols and beliefs
B. governmental authority over a clearly demarcated territory
C. the granting of citizenship rights to the relevant population
D. all of the above
The distribution of power in society is a concern for ?
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A. microsociology
B. interactionism
C. macrosociology
D. ethnomethodology
Which of the following did the pst-war welfare state of 1948 not aim to provide ?
A. free health care and education for all
B. a minimum wage
C. full employment
D. universal welfare
Weber (1919) said that the states monopoly of the use of force was legitimated
by ?
A. charismatic authority
B. rational -legal authority
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C. traditional authority
D. value-rational authority
British rule restricted the autonomy of Baradaris and in turn gave ?
A. Corporate structures
B. Formal institutions
C. Both A and B
D. None of these
Civil society in Pakistan has gone through ?
A. Two stages
B. Three stages
C. Four stage
D. None of these
The media has started playing is vibrant role more vigorously after the ?
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A. Launching of private news channels
B. Masharruf Regime
C. Globalization phenomenon
D. None of these
The number of registered NGOs in Pakistanis ?
A. 8000 and above
B. below 5000
C. 10,000 to 12.000
D. None of these
The root cause of destabilized political structure in Pakistan is ?
A. Military interventions
B. Feudal system
C. Industrialists
D. None of these
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Civil society includes ?
A. Voluntary civic and social organizations
B. State institutions
C. Masses
D. None of these
As a consequence of rural-urban migration ?
A. More and more urbanization is taking place successfully
B. ruralisation of urban areas is taking place
C. Ruralisation of urban areas and ribbon growth seem to be the result
D. None of these
The adage that it’s not what you know it,s who you know emphasizes the importance of
connections This is most relevant to the concept of ?
A. De-differentiation
B. Network economy
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C. Political corruption
D. Social capital
Which of the following is not identified by Fulcher & Scott as a criterion of community ?
A. a shared sense of identity and belonging together
B. common activities involving all-round relationships
C. a fixed geographical location
D. collective action based on common interests
Which of the following is predicted to be a major influence on cities during the next 50 years ?
A. Pollution
B. The internet
C. Urban renewal
D. Deindustrialization
According to Riley Dunlap which one of the following is not a basic function that the natural
environment serves for humans ?
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A. the environment provides the resources essential for life
B. the environment serves as a waste depository
C. the environment provides a natural setting for social inequalities
D. the environment “houses our species
According to Gerald Suttles a gated community would be an example of a(n) ?
A. edge city
B. defended neighborhood
C. urban enclave
D. ethnic village
According to Herbert Gans residents who remain in the city to take advantage of the unique
cultural and intellectual benefits of the city are called ?
A. cosmopolites
B. ethnic villagers
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C. urban villagers
D. the trapped
The world urbanization rate is rising highly It was 49% in 2005 and is likely to be 60%
till ?
A. 2015
B. 2020
C. 2030
D. None 0f these
New urbanism was a movement started in 1980s decreasing dependency on ?
A. each other
B. Vehicular transportation
C. State
D. None of these
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Agriculture cannot absorb the population concentration of human activities and settlements
around the downtown areas when the residential area shifts outward this is
called ?
A. Other occupations
B. Urbanization
C. Development
D. None of these
A group of people with the same or related occupations is usually termed as ?
A. Professional community
B. Workplace community
C. Secondary group
D. None of these
Division of labor social class formal government institutions and system of trade and
commerce all are peculiar to any _?
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A. Urban Community
B. Rural Community
C. Both a and b
D. None of these
The collective value of all social networks (who people know) and the inclinations that arise
from these networks to do things for each other (the norms of reciprocity) is called
??
A. Social cohesion
B. Social Capital
C. Social bond
D. None of these
Tonnies divided the social structure into Gemeinschaft and Gesellschafts The tighter and
cohesive social entity was the salient feature of ?
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A. Gemeinschaft
B. Gesellschafts
C. Both of them
D. None of these
Human and animal societies share all but one of the following characteristics ?
A. population and common territory
B. shared beliefs and collective destiny
C. Both sexes and all ages
D. None of theses
What is defined as the cultural practices and outlooks of a given community of people that set
them apart from others ?
A. racism
B. ethnicity
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C. identity
D. stereotyping
Wirth (1938) said that social relationships in the urban way of life were segmental
because ?
A. they were confined to particular areas of the city
B.people knew each other only through specific situational roles and not as whole
rounded individuals
C. there were distinctive patterns of activity of each social class
D. they were based on face to face interaction with close friends and family
What proportion of employment in nonurban counties in the United States is accounted for by
agriculture ?
A. 9 per cent
B. 22 per cent
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C. 41 per cent
D. 63 per cent
The most dramatic population trend in the United States throughout the twentieth century
has been ?
A. urbanization
B. suburbanization
C. the move to the sunbelt
D. the move to the “old homestead” in rural areas
Herbert Gans called urban residents who prefer to live in their own tight-knit
communities ?
A. communities
B. ethnic villagers
C. the trapped
D. gentrofiles
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Louis Wirth argued that a relatively large and permanent settlement leads to distinctive
patterns of behavior which he called ?
A. squatting
B. linear development
C. urbanism
D. gentrification
Urbanism is the study of ?
A. Cities
B. human communities’ rural areas
C. Transition
D. None of these
The traditional urbanization exhibits a concentration of human activities and settlements
around the downtown areas when the residential area shifts outward this is
called ?
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A. Suburbanization
B. Network city
C. Postmodern city
D. All of the above
In western world urbanization has accompanied ?
A. Trade
B. Progress
C. Industrialization
D. None of these
Homogeneity farming and subsistent economy are salient features of ?
A. Urban Community
B. Rural community
C. None of these
D. All of these
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communities can be categorized terms of ?
A. Geography
B. Culture
C. Organizations
D. All of above
Individual learns socialization ?
A. in infancy
B. in childhood
C. throughout the life
D. None of these
A social group of organisms sharing an environment normally with shared interests is
a ?
A. Colony
B. Society
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C. Community
D. None of these
White-collar crime is low in visibility because ?
A. it involves only small amounts of money
B. the proletariat can outsmart the bourgeoise
C. the police turn a blind eye to corporate crime
D. it goes undected in the context of everybody business transactions
If a deviant act is ‘normalized’ it is ?
A. recognized as breaking an important norm of behavior
B. seen a temporary aberration from an otherwise normal character
C. the first step in establishing a deviant career
D. attributed to the person’s genetic or anatomical make up
Which one of the following is a strategy for restorative justice ?
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A. community service
B. imprisonment
C. electronic tagging
D. curfews
Of what is the failure of companies to adhere to legal regulations that apply
to them an example ?
A. white-collar crime
B. corporate crime
C. victimless crime
D. organized crime
Which policy is supported by the theory of broken windows ?
A. restorative justice
B. zero tolerance
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C. target hardening
D. deterrent sentencing
Which approach holds that deviance is not a feature of a group or individual but a process of
interaction through which one group becomes defined as deviant ?
A. labelling theory
B. control theory
C. functionalist theory
D. conflict theory
Who first introduced the notion of anomie into sociology ?
A. comte
B. Marx
C. Weber
D. Durkheim
Which one of the following is an example of a ‘third generation’ or true cybercrime ?
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A. international drug dealing via email
B. The global trade in online pornography
C. the vandalizing of virtual environments
D. theft of goods sold via online action websites
The approach to crime prevention based on increased surveillance (such as CCTV and
Neighborhood Watch schemes) and target hardening (such as a car immobilizers and better
home security) is known as what ?
A. the new criminology
B. broken windows theory
C. situational crime prevention
D. deviance reduction theory
What is Howard Becker’s famous definition of deviance ?
A. deviant behavior is behavior that is labelled so by the law
B. deviant behavior is behavior that people so label
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C. deviant behavior is that labelled by the perpetrators
D. deviant behavior is that which causes public offence
Which of the following statements about crime and deviance is false ?
A. the concept of ‘deviance’ is much broader than ‘crime’
B. deviance and crime very often overlap
C. the concept of deviance can be applied to individuals and groups
D. deviance is normally sanctioned by law
Labelling theory encourages as a way to completely avoid the stigmatization
process?
A. restitution
B. legalization
C. radical non-intervention
D. decriminalization
E. retribution
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Labelling theory came into prominence during which decade of the twentieth century ?
A. 1950s
B. 1980s
C. 1940s
D. 1960s
E. 1970s
Social Control theory attempts to explain ?
A. conformity
B. corporate crime
C. Psychologically-based crime
D. lower-class crime
E. white-collar crime
What sociological theory of crime and deviance emphasizes sub-cultural belief systems as a
major contributor to crime ?
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A. Social Control theory
B. Anomie theory
C. Lower Class Focal Value theory
D. Social Process theory
E. Strain theory
According to Strain theory, are those individuals who have traditional success goals but
substitute deviant means by which to achieve them ?
A. ritualists
B. ret realists
C. rebels
D. innovators
E. conformists
Psychological positivism stresses the key role that plays in the development of
conformist of criminal belief systems?
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A. pre-natal nutrition
B. hormones
C. genetic abnormalities
D. early childhood
E. adolescence
Conflict theory’s primary suggestion for reducing crime and deviance involves
the ?
A. Substantial reduction of economic inequality
B. Subordination of the agents of social control
C. redefinition of acts that are currently defined as criminal
D. amelioration of social welfare activities
E. repression of lower-class gang activities
The of “who defines deviance” has principally been addressed by what sociological theory ?
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A. Differential Association
B. Conflict
C. Positivism
D. Social Control
E. Functionalism
Peer approval of your actions would be a good example of ?
A. age-specific support
B. informal social control
C. internalization of norms
D. formal social control
E. positivism
Sociologists believe that no behavior is ?
A. Without a deal of grate variation
B. inherently deviant
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C. totally in keeping with tradition
D. Without a corresponding judgment
E. Completely irrelevant
How is terrorism different from the types of crime described by the Chicago School ?
A. it is a committed on a larger, often global, scale, and is well organized
B. it is associated with political conflict between states and their citizens
C. it can have far-reaching effects upon international relations
D. all of the above
The Mafia is an example of ?
A. White collar crime
B. organized crime
C. none-criminal deviance
D. global terrorism
The term ‘secondary deviation refers to ?
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A. The punishment or stigmatization of deviant acts
B. the labelling of an act as deviant through social reaction to it
C. the ways in which taking on a deviant role affects future action
D. All of the above
Lombroso claimed that ?
A. criminals were socialized into an underworld of crime
B. no act is intrinsically deviant
C. biological failings drove some people into crime
D. women were less likely to be arrested than men
What is the term that describes repeat offending by those who have been in prison ?
A. rehabilitation
B. deterrence
C. reform
D. recidivism
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Which of these is NOT an example of target hardening ?
A. anti-social behavior orders
B. Steering locks
C. burglar alrams
D. CCTV
Which approach framed their analysis of crime and deviance in terms of this preservation of
power by the ruling class ?
A. New Left Realism
B. Right Realism
C. new criminology
D. interactionism
Merton describes types of response to a situation where there are widely socially endorsed
values but limited means of achieving them. Which of his types describes an acceptance of the
values but willingness to use any means to achieve them?
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A. Conformists
B. innovators
C. ritualists
D. retrealists
What is defined as ‘non-conformity to a given set or norms that are accepted by a significant
number of people in a community or society ?
A. criminality
B. deviance
C. recidivism
D. degeneracy
Which of the following is not a reason why corporate crime is more difficult to prosecute
compared with individual crimes ?
A. victims may not realise that a crime has been committed
B. it is more difficult to apportion blame to corporate criminals
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C. legal systems are founded on individual not collective responsibility
D. corporate offences cause less harm than crimes against an individual
Which of these is not a concept associated with Left Realist explanations of criminal
subcultures ?
A. social exclusion
B. individual pathology
C. political marginalization
D. relative deprivation
Robert Merton’s ideas on crime and deviance make use of the concept of anomie. What does
anomie mean in Merton’s work ?
A. Normlessness
B. meaninglessness
C. social strain
D. social adaptation
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The “natural law” approach is essentially concerned with ?
A. civil law or torts
B. limiting the powers of wealthy businessmen
C. family law
D. limiting the powers of government
E. the protection of universal human rights
The key concept in labelling theory is that of ?
A. stigma
B. commitment
C. aspiration
D. motivation
E. acceptance
Which of the following was not identified as one of the four major social bonds in Hirschi’s
Social Control theory ?
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A. religiosity
B. commitment
C. involvement
D. belief
E. attachment
Sutherland’s Differential Association theory emphasizes that crime and deviance are
basically ?
A. due to poor parenting
B. learned
C. psychotic
D. biological
E. the result of being labelled
According to Strain theory, retreatants are likely to engage in what type of deviant activity ?
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A. Sexual assault
B. terrorism
C. counterfeiting
D. drug abuse
E. robbery
The sociologist responsible for the modern-day adaptation of strain theory
is ?
A. Weber
B. Cohen
C. Marx
D. Merton
E. Chambliss
Biological positivists have tended to focus on what type of crime ?
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A. Violent
B. juvenile
C. drug-related
D. white collar
The rise in patriotism following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, is an example of
what function of deviance ?
A. Warning
B. Solidarity
C. Unification
D. Authoritarian
E. Boundary setting
According to Quinine, crimes of “domination and repression” are committed by
?
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A. People who aspire to the upper class
B. The ruling elite
C. white collar businessmen
D. gang members
E. the lower socio-economic strate
The classic sociological study of two juvenile groups called the “Saints” and the “Roughnecks”
was conducted by _?
A. Chambliss
B. Lynch
C. Merton
D. Bentham
E. Turk
Punishments, or negative sanctions, are especially important at the level?
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A. informal
B. societal
C. traditional
D. formal
E. adolescent
Sociological definitions of deviance consist of behaviors, beliefs, and _?
A. attributes
B. realities
C. Choices
D. records
E. Conditions
Which of the following in NOT associated with functionalism ?
A. Talcott Parsons
B. Ralf Dahrendorf
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C. Emile Durkheim
D. Robert Merton
The feeling of aimlessness or despair often associated with unsettling conditions
is ?
A. alienation
B. amorality
C. anomie
D. ascription
Theoretical approaches can only be said to be valid if ?
A. the theorist has researched the literature thoroughly
B. they have been tested out by means of factual research
C. they are written in such a way as to be impossible to disprove
D. they are shared by a large enough number of theorists
The theory of relative deprivation is an example of what _?
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A. macro sociological theory
B. feminist sociological theory
C. micro sociological theory
D. middle-range sociological theory
What does the functionalist perspective see as crucial for the maintenance of social order ?
A. strong class-based identities
B. multiculturalism
C. moral consensus
D. a strong state
Which of the following is not part of karl Marx,s theory of capitalism ?
A. capitalist production exploits the working class
B. class conflict is inevitable in capitalist societies
C. industrial workers are the revolutionary class
D. class struggle only occurs under capitalism
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According to Durkheim the division of labor in industrial societies brings
about _?
A. organic solidarity
B. a loss of social solidarity
C. mechanical solidarity
D. communal solidarity
Which of these statements best represents C. Wright-Mills,s idea of the sociological
imagination ?
A. understanding the differences between the classical theorists
B. bringing together private troubles and public issues
C. seeing the social world as one made up of Social facts
D. avoiding explanations based on individual psychology
Whose theorizing according societal change comes closer to lqbal,s verse. Tujh ko bataoon
taqdeer-e-huma kia hai shamsheer o Sannan Awwal taus o rabab akhir ?
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A. Karl Max
B. Ibn-e-Khaldum
C. George Hegel
D. None of these
A close connection between religion and economic forces has been presented
by ?
A. Max Weber
B. Karl Max
C. Emile Durkheim
D. C-Wright Mills
Secularization involves the two related ideas of ?
A. disappointment and disproportion
B. disbelief and disintegration
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C. disengagement and disenchantment
D. distribution and distillation
In the division of Labor in Society Emile Durkheim presented the idea of ?
A. Mechanical and organic solidarity
B. Physical and social solidarity
C. physiological and mechanical solidarity
D. None of these
Society is a complex organization of parts that function to fulfil the requirements and promote
the needs of the whole is a concept of ?
A. structural functionalism
B. interaction school of thought
C. Phenom ology
D. None of these
Which sociologist introduced the concept of culture lag ?
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A. William F. Ogbum
B. Talcott Parsons
C. Auguste Comte
D. Thorstein Veblen
The Communist Manifesto was written by ?
A. Karl Marx and Georg Hegel
B. George Herbert Mead and Jane Addams
C. Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx
D. Talcott Parsons and Robert Merton
Which of the following sociology never wrote a book and about whose thoughts most of our
knowledge is presented in an edited volume of his lectures published by his students after his
death ?
A. George Herbert Mead
B. Karl Marx
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C. Emile Durkheim
D. Max Weber
Robert Merton,s contributions to sociology include_ ?
A. successfully combining theory and research
B. an analysis of deviant behavior that focuses on societal goals and means
C. an attempt to bring macro- and micro
D. all of the above
In his study of suicide Emile Durkheim was primarily concerned with ?
A. suicide rates and how they varied from country to country
B. personalities of individual suicide victims
C. means people used to take their own lives
D. effects of suicide on the families of victims
The survival of the fittest was the concept presented by _?
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A. Marx
B. Durkheim
C. Herbert Spencer
D. None of these
The sociology was simply the Science of Social facts is the view of ?
A. Marx
B. Weber
C. Durkheim
D. All of above
According to Marx Capitalism replaced feudalism and itself will be displaced
by ?
A. Feudalism
B. communism
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C. Economic equalitarianism
D. None of these
Comte gave the law of ?0
A. Four phases
B. three phases
C. Two phases
D. All of above
Ibne Khaldun in his theories is near to_ ?
A. Kurkheim
B. Comte
C. Marx
D. All of above
The Muqaddimah is an early Muslim view of ?
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A. society
B. social Change
C. universal History
D. all of above
Ibne Khaldun is best known for ?
A. Muamlla
B. Muqaddimah
C. Muzakira
D. None of these
A. microsociology
B. interactionism
C. macrosociology
D. ethnomethodology
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Merton’s term for the hidden or forgotten reason for a particular behavior
was ?
A. middle-range function
B. consumption function
C. latent function
D. structural function
It is useful to have a diversity of theories in sociology because ?
A. human behavior is so complicated that no single theory would be adequate
B. sociologists can choose the theory that best fits the data they have collected
C. it removes the need to assess a theory according the empirical evidence
D. innumerable theories have been developed in the many fields of sociology
Which one of the following is NOT associated with the materialist conception of history ?
A. the mode of production
B. the motor of history
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C. the history of class struggle
D. the spirit of capitalism
According to Durkheim social facts are ?
A. ways of behaving that are external to individuals
B. only things that have been shown to be true
C. social insights into collective behavior
D. information captured by official statistics
Sociology has been said to be the product of_ ?
A. the French and Industrial Revolutions
B. the Chinese and Agricultural Revolutions
C. the Russian and Scientific Revolutions
D. the American and Democratic Revolutions
Comte gave the law of ?
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A. Four phases
B. three phases
C. Two phases
D. All of above
Ibne Khaldun in his theories is near to_ ?
A. Kurkheim
B. Comte
C. Marx
D. All of above
The Muqaddimah is an early Muslim view of ?
A. society
B. social Change
C. universal History
D. all of above
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Ibne Khaldun is best known for ?
A. Muamlla
B. Muqaddimah
C. Muzakira
D. None of these
A. microsociology
B. interactionism
C. macrosociology
D. ethnomethodology
Merton’s term for the hidden or forgotten reason for a particular behavior
was ?
A. middle-range function
B. consumption function
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C. latent function
D. structural function
C. it removes the need to assess a theory according the empirical evidence
Which one of the following is NOT associated with the materialist conception of history ?
A. the mode of production
B. the motor of history
C. the history of class struggle
D. the spirit of capitalism
According to Durkheim social facts are ?
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A. ways of behaving that are external to individuals
B. only things that have been shown to be true
C. social insights into collective behavior
D. information captured by official statistics
Sociology has been said to be the product of_ ?
A. the French and Industrial Revolutions
B. the Chinese and Agricultural Revolutions
C. the Russian and Scientific Revolutions
D. the American and Democratic Revolutions
Socialist theory was defined in the writings of karl Marx and ?
A. Emile Durkheim
B. Adam Smith
C. Friedrich Engels
D. the Marx
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Which sociologist cofounded the famous Chicago settlement house Hull House ?
A. Charles Horton Cooley
B. Jane Addams
C. George Herbert Mead
D. Wright Mills
Which of the following was an early Black sociologist active in the struggle for a racially
egalitarian society who was critical of theorists who seemed content with the status quo ?
A. Harriet Martineau
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Booker T Washington
D. W,E,B, Du Bois
Which one of the following concepts did Max Weber introduce to the field of sociology ?
A. dramaturgy
B. ideal types
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C. functionalism
D. macro sociology
Which of the following is most closely associated with the concept of the sociological
imagination ?
A. Emile Durkheim
B. Max Weber
C. Karl Marx
D. Wright Mills
According to durkheim the greater rates of suicide in protestants were due to more emphasis
on ?
A. Social Conesion
B. Individualism
C. Economic problem
D. none of these
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Class conflict is the basic theory of ?
A. Weber
B. Marx
C. Comte
D. All of above
Which branch of science according to comte would ultimately include all other
sciences ?
A. Biology
B. History
C. Sociology
D. Economics
Scientific or positive phase is the ?
A. First phase
B. Second Phase
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C. Last Phase
D. None of these
Auguste Comte was a ?
A. French thinker
B. American
C. British
D. None of these
Asabiyah is an Arabic concept modernly referring to ?
A. Culture
B. Nationalism
C. Social groups
D. All of above
Ibne Khaldun conceived a theory of ?
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A. Social conflict
B. Social change
C. Solidarity
D. All of the above
Ibne Khaldun was born in ?
A. North America
B. North Asia
C. North Africa
D. None of these
When a person uses more than one substance to maintain his dependence is
called ?
A. mono abuse
B. poly drug abuse
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C. multi use
D. None of these
According to Readers Digest Dictionary the one which causes euphoria in the taker and pre-
disposes hint to addiction is ?
A. medicine
B. Drug
C. Cure
D. None of these
Mostly the drugs are used for a number of causes a few ?
A. Peace of mind
B. Unemployment
C. Fun-Pleasure
D. All of the above
Heroine was discovered in 1878 but its use was limited till ?
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A. 1880
B. 1898
C. 1898
D. None of these
Drug is a very wide term and can be used for both medicinal and _?
A. Surgical
B. non-medicinal
C. treatment
D. None of these
Which of the following sociologists never wrote a book and about whose thoughts most of our
knowledge is presented in an edited volume of his lectures published by his students after his
death ?
B. Kari Marx
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C. Em-ile Durkheim
D. Max Weber
Erving Goffman made a distinctive contribution to sociology by popularizing a particular type
of interactionist method known as ?
A. macrosociology
B. the dramaturgical approach
C. Verstehen
D. I,m O.K, you,re O.k
A university that serves as a meeting ground for people seeking marital partners is
performing ?
A. a manifest function
B. a latent function
C. a dysfunction
D. a manifest dysfunction
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Robert Merton’s contributions to sociology include ?
A. successfully combining theory and research
B. an analysis of deviant behavior that focuses on societal goals and means
C. an attempt to bring macro-and micro level analyses together
D. all of the above
In his study of suicide Emile Durkheim was primarily concerned with _?
A. suicide rates and how they varied from county to country
B. personalities of individual suicide victims
C. means people used to take their own lives
D. effects of suicide on the families of victims
Sociology can be considered a social science because ?
A. its theories are logical explicit and supported by empirical evidence
B. sociologists collect data in a relatively objective and systematic way
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C. ideas and research findings are scrutinized by other sociologists
D. all of the above
Society cannot be studied in the same way as the natural world because ?
A. human behavior is meaningful and varies between individuals and cultures
B. it is difficult for sociologists to gain access to a research laboratory
C. sociologists are not rational or critical enough in their approach
D. we cannot collect empirical data about social life
Social norms are ?
A. creative activities such as gardening cookery and craftwork
B. the symbolic representation of social groups in the mass media
C. religious beliefs about how the world ought to be
D. rules and expectation about interaction that regulate social life
Which of the following is not recognized as a level of society ?
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A. the household
B. the office
C. the global village
D. the nation states
What is the name of the process by which we acquire a sense of identity and become
members of society ?
A. rationalization
B. colonization
C. McDonaldization
D. socialization
Which of the following research methods uses existing records ?
A. survey research
B. naire research
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C. archival research
D. observational research
Sociologists ?
A.are exempt from the considerations of research ethics that govern biological
researchers
B. have not been able to agree on a code of ethics
C. enjoy the same privileges as attorneys in protecting subject’s privacy
D.should obtain informed consent in cases where subjects may be exposed to risks
of research that are greater than the risks of everyday life
When conducting social research what is the next step in the scientific method after a review
of the literature ?
A. collecting data
B. choosing a research design
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C. selecting a researchable problem
D. formulating a hypothesis
In the library Louanne observes a woman sitting at a table by herself A man comes up and sits
at the other end of the table the woman frowns and shakes her head no The man gets up and
moves to another table Lounne concludes that the woman did not want to share a study table
The theoretical perspective Louanne is using is ?
A. the conflict perspective
B. the functionalist perspective
C. the interactionist perspective
D. none of the above
Students at Bailey University staged a sit-in to protest the University’s decision to cancel its
longstanding policy of exempting graduating seniors from final exams Which strongest
framework for analyzing this situation?
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A. Interactionist because the University and the students didn’t share the same
understanding about final exams
B.Conflict, because this is an example of a power struggle between two groups with
conflicting ideas an interest
C.Functionalist because teaching college students to protest is a manifest function of
education
What major contribution did W.E.B DuBois make to sociology ?
A. He developed a theoretical understanding of racial inequality
B. He conducted research on the upper classes of Philadelphia
C. He chaired the first Department of Sociology at the University of Chicago
D. None of the above
Weber,s view that sociologists must not allow their personal biases to affect the conduct of
their research is called ?
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A. verstehen
B. dialectical materialism
C. social facts
D. value-free sociology
Those aspects of social life that have to do with order, stability and social organization that
allow societies and groups to hold together and endure are called ?
A. social statics
B. social dynamics
C. social absolutes
D. constructed reality
Who coined the term sociology and is generally considered to be the founder of sociology ?
A. Karl Marx
B. Auguste Comte
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C. Max Weber
D. Emile Durkheim
C. It removes the need to assess a theory according to the empirical evidence
The first book with the term sociology in its title was written by_ ?
A. Max Weber
B. Karl Marx
C. Herbert Spencer
D. None of these
Sociology is introduced as an academic discipline by ?
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A. Ibn-e-Khaldun
B. Auguste Comte
C. George Simmel
D. Herber Spencer
The first stage, according to Comte was ?
A. Theological
B. Metaphysical
C. Scientific stage
D. None of these
Social Sciences are pejoratively known as ?
A. Soft sciences
B. hard sciences
C. Theoretical
D. None of these
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Comets final stage was ?
A. Scientific Stage
B. Theological stage
C. Metaphysical Stage
D. None of these
The term sociology was coined by ?
A. Max Weber
B. August Comte
C. Emile Durkheim
D. None of these
Sociology emerged in ?
A. Mid seventeenth Century
B. In Eighteenth Century
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C. In early 19th Century
D. None of these
The social world is ?
A. Stagnant
B. Changing
C. Both a & b
D. None of these
Sociology is concerned with ?
A. patterns of human behavior
B. the behavior of an individual
C. random human actions
D. all of the above
The Communist Manifesto was written by ?
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A. Karl Marx and Georg Hegel
B. George Herbert Mead and Jane Addams
C. Friedrich Engels and karl Marx
D. Talcott Parsons and Robert Merton
Which of the following was an early Black sociologist active in the struggle for a racially
egalitarian society who was critical of theorists who semmed content with the status quo ?
A. Harriet Martineau
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Booker T Washington
D. W, E.B Du Bois
Karl Marx,s view of the struggle between social classes inspired the contemporary ?
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
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C. interactionist perspective
D. dramaturgical approach
Which sociological perspective views society as a network of connected parts each of which
contributes to the maintenance of the system as a whole ?
D. dramaturgical approach
Which one of the following concepts did Mix weber introduce to the field of sociology ?
A. dramaturgy
B. ideal types
C. functionalism
D. macrosociology
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Which of the following is most closely associated with the concept of the sociological
imagination ?
A. Emile Durkheim
B. Max Weber
C. Karl Marx
D. C Wright Mills
Sociology differs from common sense in that ?
A. it focuses on the researchers own experiences
B. it makes little distinction between the way the world is and the way it ought to be
C. its knowledge is accumulated from many different research contexts
D. it is subjective and biased
In idealized views of science the experimental method is said to involve _?
A. testing out new research methods to see which one works best
B. isolating and measuring the effect of one variable upon another
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C. using personal beliefs and values to decide what to study
D. interpreting date subjectively drawing on theoretical paradigms
When sociologists study the structure of layers in society and people’s movement between
them, they call this _?
A. social stratification
B. social control
C. social conflict
D. social solidarity
In contemporary societies social institutions are ?
A. highly specialized interrelated sets of social practices
B. disorganized social relations in a post modem world
C. virtual communities in cyberspace
D. no longer relevant to sociology
What does Berger (1963) describe as a metaphor for social reality ?
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A. a fairground rides
B. a circus
C. a puppet theatre
D. a ballet
The authors explain that feminist research methodology ?
A.is an approach to research which emphasizes inclusion fairness and
humaneness?
B. places its main emphasis on concrete theories
C. stresses that all human emotions are to be ignored all of the above
D. all of the above
Observation ?
A.is one of the easiest tools for sociological inquiry because it requires only good note
taking
B. is not subject to the same controls that are applied to other methods
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C. requires the involvement of the researcher in the activity being studied
D. may be unobtrusive or participant
In an experiment two groups are identical except for the change that researchers introduce
into one group That group is called ?
A. the contaminated group
B. the control groups
C. the experimental group
D. the neutral standard
Constructed reality is ?
A. the ability to control the behavior of others
B. the principle that meaning derives from social interaction in daily life
C. the observed consequences that permit the adaptation or adjustment of a system
D.and artificial explanation of culture that exists apart from any social reality or shared
social meaning
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Contemporary sociology includes ?
A. evolutionary relativism
B. liberal feminism and explicit examination of women’s social roles and experiences
C. postmodernism feminism and critical theory
D. a combination of biological theory conflict theory and evolutionary theory
Which of the following was supported by Durkheim,s study of suicide ?
A. Catholics had higher rates of suicide than protestants
B. Rates of suicide were higher in times of war than in times of peace
C. Rates of suicide were lower in times of economic stability
D.Individuals who were enmeshed in meaningful social bonds were less inclined to
commit suicide
Who wrote the first book on the methodology of social research How to Observe Manners
and Morals ?
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A. Herbert Spencer
B. Emily Post
C. Harriet Martineau
D. Emile Durkheim
The application of evolutionary notions and the concept of the survival of the fittest to society
is called ?
A. class conflict
B. Dialectical materialism
C. Social dynamics
D. Social Darwinism
Sociology ?
A. has been to study social interaction for over 500 years.
B. Is the scientific study of social interaction and organization?
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C. has little bearing on public policy
D. is most useful when applied to abstract -as opposed to practical matters
Sociology is concerned with _?
A. Patterns of human behavior
B. the behavior of an individual
C. random human actions
D. all of the above
The first step in scientific method is ?
A. Observation
B. Recollection
C. Addition to already experimented material
D. None of these
The second stage when people understand society as natural was named ?
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A. Theological
B. Metaphysical
C. Scientific
D. None of these
Social sciences comprise the application of scientific method to ?
A. laboratory experiments
B. field experiment
C. human aspect of the world
D. None of these
In the past, history, politics philosophy and sociology were ?
A. Separate Disciplines
B. Same discipline
C. Not studied
D. None of these
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Comte believed that society developed in ?
A. two stages
B. four stages
C. three stages
D. None of these
Sociology comes from a Latin word Socius means ?
A. Neighbor
B. Associate
C. Friend
D. None of these
An attempt to understand the social world by situating social events in their corresponding
environment is called ?
A. Social work
B. Sociology
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C. Society
D. None of these
Sociology is study of ?
A. Human political life
B. Human economic life
C. Human social life
D. None of these
An experiment can be defined as ?
A. an attempt to test a hypothesis under controlled conditions
B. a piece of research conducted in a laboratory
C. a piece of research trying out new methods
D. an attempt to deceive participants about the research’s true purpose
When in sociology we speak of researchers using controls we mean _?
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A. being as precise as possible in defining an initial hypothesis
B. holding some variables constant to look at the effects of others
C. supervising the data collection process as closely as possible
D. seeking to manipulate the outcomes of a research process
In survey research the group of respondents targeted for the naire is called
?
A. sample
B. respondents
C. focus group
D. population
Which of these terms is the odd one out ?
A. causation
B. correlation
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C. association
D. connection
Tearoom Trade is typical of the s asked by sociologists because ?
A. it takes place outside the university campus
B. it makes use of covert research methods
C. it investigates workings of society that are different from official accounts
D. the investigator is sympathetic to the activities that he is investigating
Which one of the following statements is true ?
A. sociologists use both quantitative and qualitative methods
B. sociologists no longer use quantitative methods
C. sociologists always prefer to use qualitative methods
D. sociologists cannot use a mixed methods approach
What is applied social research ?
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A. research that tries to contribute to the development of theory
B. research that is always multidisciplinary
C. research that aims to intervene in and improve social life
D. research based on government priorities
Which of these is not an ethical issue for researchers ?
A. assessing the potential risks for research subjects
B. selecting a relevant theoretical perspective
C. protecting the anonymity of participants
D. safe storage of the raw data collected in the process
According to feminists an androcentric bias in research is the direct result of ?
A. the funding of certain projects
B. assuming that men and women are the same
C. women not being objective
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D. using males as the accepted norm
E. a lack of female researchers
In participant observation research the role of the “complete” participant forces the
researcher to be ?
A. with the group for months and sometimes years
B. discreet about his/her research
C. close to the leadership of the group that he/she is studying
D. open and honest about his/her intentions
E. taking copious notes
A data collection method in which the researcher does not interact with the subject(s) being
studied is called ?
A. an unobtrusive
B. field research
C. qualitative analysis
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D. content analysis
E. ethnography
Reading a number of books and journals regarding crime in Canada is a good example
of ?
A. qualitative research
B. ethnography
C. secondary research
D. field research
E. non-participant observation
A major disadvantage of using mail naires to collect data is ?
A. the cost of the stamps
B. the response rates
C. the inability to follow-up
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D. some respondents are paranoid
E. the mail is slow
A survey that asks the respondent to indicate their age and includes response categories of
age 20-30 age 30-40 age 40 50 and age 50+ violates which important rule for constructing
closed-ended items for naires ?
A. exhaustive
B. tangible
C. comprehensive
D. relevant
E. mutually exclusive
In order to qualify as a random sample ?
A. at least 100 people must be selected
B. every sub-sample of the population must be represented
C. every member of the population must have an equal chance of being chosen
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D. a phone book must be used to generate random names.
E. the researcher must pre-test the subjects
A researcher was able to prove that, on average as age increases eyesight declines In research
terminology this is called a (n) ?
A. variation
B. correlation
C. observation
D. measure of central tendency
E. spurious relationship
A mean, median and mode are all examples of_ ?
A. measures of variation
B. measures of central tendency
C. measures of enumeration
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D. measures of correlation
E. measures of coefficients
uses multiple data collection methods on the same area of interest?
A. Triangulation
B. Ethnography
C. Field research
D. Variation
E. Cluster sampling
When a number of researchers use the same operational definition to measure a variable and
achieve the same results the measure is said to be ?
A. valid
B. reliable
C. factual
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D. internally consistent
E. instrumental
The concepts in a hypothesis are stated as ?
A. variables
B. populations
C. ideas
D. indices
E. theories
In sociology_ ?
A. theory always precedes research
B. theory can be developed independent of research
C. research always precedes theory
D. the relationship between theory and research is cyclical
E. research is dictated by the theoretical perspective
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An instructor wants to determine if giving essay tests increases student learning In one class
that the instructor teaches she continues to test as she has always done In another class She
then measures the differences in learning if any between the two classes The class that is
given essay s is the _?
A. control group
B. representative group
C. experimental group
D. correlation group
A researcher can obtain a higher response rate by using which type of survey ?
A. interviews
B. naires
C. representative samples
D. observation techniques
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In order to genuinely reflect a broad range of the population a survey must be based on
precise ?
A. representative sampling
B. experiments
C. surveys
D. hypotheses
A detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically called a (n) ?
A. sample
B. experiment
C. research design
D. scientific method
Formulating the hypothesis is the step in the scientific method?
A. first
B. second
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C. third
D. fourth
Standard deviation in statistics is the measure that indicates in the essence
of ?
A. Central tendency
B. spread of the sample means/values
C. Both A an B
D. None of these
A double barreled has the potential of having ?
A. two respectable responses/answers
B. two answers but incompatible with each other
C. Both A and B
D. None of these
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An overall scheme of scientific activities which scientists engage in order to produce
knowledge is a ?
A. Research process
B. Research model
C. Research methodology
D. Research design
Which one of these is a measure of dispersion ?
A. parameter
B. range
C. median
D. mean
Which of these is NOT viewed as a strength of surveys ?
A. they are often undertaken by specialist agencies
B. they offer an appearance of precision
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C. the data is easy to quantify and analyses
D. large numbers of people can be studied
Which of these terms is the odd one out ?
A. causation
B. correlation
C. association
D. connection
When in sociology we speak of researchers using controls, we mean ?
A. being as precise as possible in defining an initial hypothesis
B. holding some variables constant to look at the effects of others
C. supervising the data collection process as closely as possible
D. seeking to manipulate the outcomes of a research process
Tearoom Trade is typical of the s asked by sociologists because ?
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A. it takes place outside the university campus
B. it makes use of covert research methods
C. it investigates working of society that are different from official accounts
D. the investigator is sympathetic to the activities that he is investigating
Eyeballing is a technique that involves ?
A. reading a textual document quickly to understand the gist of it
B. gathering a sample from whoever you can see in a public place
C. scanning a table to identify general patterns and significant figures
D. keeping your eyes on research participants at all times
According to Scott (1990) a document is authentic if it ?
A. is a sincere and accurate account free from political bias
B. is representative of all the similar documents that did not survive
C. has both a literal and an interpretable meaning
D. is a sound original, or reliable copy of known authorship
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Ethnographic research produces qualitative data because ?
A. the findings are amenable to statistical analysis
B. it is conducted over a period of several years
C. it uncovers rich detailed accounts from an insider’s perspective
D. it compares findings from a number of different cases
A survey should avoid asking ?
A. fixed-choice questions s
B. short questions s
C. leading questions
D. funneled questions s
Which of the following is not a research purpose ?
A. triangulation
B. explanation
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C. description
D. exploration
Society cannot be studied in the same way as the natural world because ?
A. human behavior is meaningful and varies between individuals and cultures
B. it is difficult for sociologists to gain access to a research laboratory
C. sociologists are not rational or critical enough in their approach
D. we cannot collect empirical data about social life
Which one of the following statements is not part of the Code of Ethics developed by the
American Sociological Association? Researchers must ?
A. acknowledge research collaboration and assistance
B. preserve the confidentiality of their subjects
C. protect their subjects from personal harm
D. make all research notes available for public scrutiny
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An instructor wants to determine if giving essay tests increases student learning one class that
the instructor teaches she continues to test as she has always done In another class she gives
the students essay s She then measures the differences in learning if any between the two
classes The class that is given essay s is the ?
A. control group
B. representative group
C. experimental group
D. correlation group
William F Whyte’s study of a low-income Italian neighborhood in Boston was a classic
example of ?
A. participant observation research
B. a survey
C. content analysis
D. an experiment
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Which of the following would be an example of a random sample? A
researcher ?
A. administers a naira to every fifth woman who enters a business office
B.examines the attitudes of residents of a city by interviewing every twentieth name in
the city,s telephone book
C.studies the attitudes of Democratic voters by choosing every tenth name found on a
city,s list of registered Democrats
The study of the interracial friendships conducted by the Tom Smith who heads up the
General Social Survey is an example of ?
A. observation research
B. a survey
C. content analysis
D. an experiment
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In most instances how well a student does on a test is determined by how much the student
studies for it in this example studying for an exam is a(n) ?
A. correlation
B. independent variable
C. dependent variable
D. sample
The first step in any sociological research project is to ?
A. collect data
B. define the problem
C. review previous research
D. formulate a hypothesis
Pure Sociology is a search for knowledge without primary concern for its ?
A. Basic understanding
B. Practical use
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C. Applied use
D. None of these
Sometimes the scientist personally participates in some experiment to observe it fully It is
Known as ?
A. Personal studies
B. Participant-observer studies
C. Observational studies
D. None of these
If the information needed has already been written down somewhere it is looked up. It is
called ?
A. Observational studies
B. Sociological analysis
C. Statistical Comparative studies
D. None of these
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In observational studies the scientist observes ?
A. the things that happen by themselves
B. Are arranged knowingly
C. both a and b
D. None of these
In laboratory experiments the sociological research is done while people
are ?
A. brought into laboratory
B. Kept in their homes and observed
C. are not told about experiment
D. None of these
Karl Pearson said “The unity of all science consists alone in its methods not in its material It
relates to the importance of ?
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A. Scientific research
B. Scientific method
C. Science unity
D. None of these
Which one of these is a measure of dispersion ?
A. parameter
B. range
C. median
D. mean
Which of these NOT viewed as a strength of surveys ?
A. they are often undertaken by specialist agencies
B. they offer an appearance of precision
C. the data is easy to quantify and analyses
D. large numbers of people can be studied
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One strength of ethnography is that ?
A. the influence of specific variables can be controlled by the investigator
B. it usually generates richer and more in-depth information than other methods
C. it is essential when a study is primarily historical or has a historical dimension
D. it can only be used to study relatively small groups or communities
An association between two variables which is in fact caused by other factor(s) is called
a ?
A. multiple regression
B. causal mechanism
C. spurious correlation
D. multinomial distribution
Bias in research practice refers to ?
A. the investigator being committed to a particular ideology
B. the research team prejudging the meaning of the data
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C. the data being unbalanced by the design or execution of the research
D. interpretations being applied to the results
Science aims to be both ?
A. philosophical and progressive
B. complex and against commonsense
C. experimental and statistical
D. valid and reliable
What is meant by reflexivity in sociological research ?
A. research findings feed back into society and as a result may change it
B. research findings empower the general public making them more confident
C. research funders have control over research findings and who has access
D. sociologists learn more about the society they live in
Which of these is not an example of a qualitative research method ?
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A. survey research
B. ethnography
C. focus groups
D. biographical research
What is the initial element of sociological research ?
A. review the evidence
B. define the research problem
C. create a research design
D. carry out a research design
Laud Humphreys study Tearoom Trade (1970) is an example of ?
A. historical research
B. survey research
C. participant observation
D. experimental design
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When a research is not deceptive about the field research that he/she is this person is
probably assuming the role of ?
A. secondary observer
B. participant-as-observer
C. complete participant
D. ethnographer
E. social scientist
In order for field research to be successful the researcher must be ?
A. tactful
B. creative
C. unobtrusive
D. fluent in several languages
E. discreet
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Collecting information regarding crime control from several countries would be a good
example of a(n) ?
A. ethnography
B. field research
C. an international approach
D. content analysis
E. comparative approach
The major advantage of interviews is ?
A. that people are more likely to be honest
B. they are not time consuming
C. the interviewer can guess the age of the respondent
D. the response rate is high
E. that the researcher can ask more detailed s
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A survey that asks the respondent to indicate their level of education and includes response
categories of some high school high school and university violated which important rule for
constructing close-ended items for naires ?
A. exhaustive
B. mutually exclusive
C. comprehensive
D. tangible
E. relevant
Closed-ended s increase the return rate of the naire because _?
A. the s is clearly worded
B. they cover the return postage
C. the answers are mutually exclusive
D. they are easy and quick to answer
E. they involve no thought on the part of the respondent.
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What research method is popular because it is comparatively inexpensive and well-suited to
studying large numbers of people ?
A. interviews
B. participant observation
C. experiments
D. content analysis
E. surveys
Which of the following was not identified as one of the four conditions that must be met
before a researcher can say that an independent variable or variables caused the change in
the dependent variable ?
A. internal consistency
B. correlation
C. theory
D. time order
E. elimination of spuriousness
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involves the transformation of raw data into numbers to make it suitable for
further analysis ?
A. Coding
B. Conceptualization
C. Factoring
D. Classification
E. Enumeration
Which of the following was not identified as a major research design ?
A. surveys
B. ethnography
C. field research
D. secondary research
E. experiments
In order for a variable to be measured, a researcher must provide a (n) ?
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A. operational definition
B. quantitative theorem
C. theory
D. hypothesis
E. scale
Of all of the steps in the research process the one that typically takes the most time
is ?
A. formulating the problem
B. selecting a research method
C. developing a hypothesis
D. evaluation of the results
E. data collection
Max Weber ?
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A. recognized that it is impossible for scholars to prevent their personal values from
influencing their work
B. stressed that researchers had to maintain the confidentiality of their subjects
C.emphasized that under no conditions could a researcher allow his or her personal
feelings to influence the interpretation of data
D. all of the above
Which one of the following is exposed to an independent variable ?
A. the control groups
B. the representative group
Which of the following would be an example of a random sample? A
researcher ?
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A. administers a naira to every fifth woman who enters a business office
B.examines the attitudes of residents of a city by interviewing every twentieth name in
the city’s telephone book
C.studies the attitudes of Democratic voters by choosing every tenth name found on a
city’s list of registered Democrats
The study of the interracial friendships conducted by the Tom Smith who heads up the
General Social Survey is an example of ?
A. observation research
B. a survey
C. content analysis
D. an experiment
In most instances how well a student does on a test is determined by how much the student
studies for it in this example studying for an exam is a (n) ?
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A. correlation
B. independent variable
C. dependent variable
D. sample
The first step in any sociological research project is to ?
A. collect data
B. define the problem
C. review previous research
D. formulate a hypothesis
The rate of rate of return or a mailed naire is usually ?
A. very high
B. it can be both A and C
C. very low
D. None of these
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s that are relevant to some respondents may irrelevant to others are known
as ?
A. double barreled questions
B. leading questions
C. contingency questions
D. Matrix questions
An instance of focused interaction is called ?
A. a meeting
B. an event
C. a moment
D. an Encounter
An experiment can be defined as ?
A. an attempt to test a hypothesis under controlled conditions
B. a piece of research conducted in a laboratory
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C. a piece of research trying out new methods
D. an attempt to deceive participants about the research’s true purpose
In survey research the group of respondents targeted for the naira is called _?
A. sample
B. respondents
C. focus group
D. population
An association between two variables which is in fact caused by other factor(s)is called
a ?
A. multiple regression
B. causal mechanism
C. spurious correlation
D. multinomial distribution
Bias in research practice refers to ?
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A. the investigator being committed to a particular ideology
B. the research team prejudging the meaning of the data
C. the data being unbalanced by the design or execution of the research
D. interpretations being applied to the results
Theoretical approaches can only be said to be, valid. if ?
A. the theorist has researched the literatures thoroughly
B. they have been tested out by means of factual research
C. they are written in such a way as to be impossible to disprove
D. they are shared by a large enough number of theorists
One of the difficulties in open rationalizing concepts like social class is that ?
A. definitions and indicators can vary making valid comparisons problematic
B. there are no reliable indicators of such widely contested ideas
C. it takes all the fun out of armchair theorizing
D. it has little use for applied empirical research about the topic
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Which of the following is a personal document with closed access ?
A. government white paper
B. confidential medical records
C. household account book
D. the shares register of a business
One of the ethical problems with covert participant observation is ?
A. not being able to write comprehensive field notes or record conversations
B. deceiving the respondents as to the reason for your presence
C. observing people outside of their natural setting
D. subjecting the participants to physical harm
Snowballing is an example of_ ?
A. probability sampling
B. non-probability sampling
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C. cluster sampling
D. using the Christmas vacation constructively
Pre-testing a naira is useful for ?
A. finding out which topics are important to the respondents
B. testing out your computer and printer
C. identifying any problems with the wording and routing
D. deciding which respondents to leave out of the final sample
Weber said that all knowledge is value-relevant, because ?
A. sociologists like to put a value on different theories
B. Knowledge refers to people and their values
C. theorists interpret the world in terms of their own values
D. attempts to provide knowledge about the world are always valuable
In idealized views of science the experimental method is said to involve ?
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A. testing out new research methods to see which one works best
B. isolating and measuring the effect of one variable upon another
C. using personal beliefs and values to decide what to study
D. interpreting data subjectively drawing on theoretical paradigms
A researcher examines the literature written by Black novelists during the “Negro
Renaissance” (1913-1935) to see if they reflect the political movements going on in the Black
community in the United States at that time What type of research methodology is being used
in this example ?
A. secondary analysis
B. interviews
C. observation
D. content analysis
Which one of the following is exposed to an independent variable ?
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A. the control groups
B. the representative group
A researcher can obtain a higher response rate by using which type of survey ?
A. interviews
B. nares
C. representative samples
D. observation techniques
In order to genuinely reflect a broad range of the population a survey must be based on
precise ?
A. representative sampling
B. experiments
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C. surveys
D. hypotheses
A detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically called a (n) _?
A. sample
B. experiment
C. research design
D. scientific method
Formulating the hypothesis is the step in the scientific method?
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth
Search for ways of using scientific knowledge to solve practical problems is termed
as ?
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A. Pure science
B. Applied Science
C. both a & b
D. None of these
The use of scientific research procedures to measure the effectiveness of an action program is
called ?
A. Evaluation research
B. analytical research
C. Scientific research
D. None of these
naire and interview studies are systematic ways of asking s under ?
A. Experiment situation
B. Scientific control
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C. Normal circumstances
D. None of these
Impressionistic studies are ?
A. fully controlled
B. less controlled
C. uncontrolled
D. None of these
The validity of laboratory experiment is doubtful in sociology because the people being
observed are ?
A. unconscious
B. conscious and behave artificially
C. behave naturally
D. None of these
Experiments are of two types ?
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A. Laboratory
B. Field
C. both A & B
D. None of these
The Scientific study of human social life is termed as ?
A. Society
B. Sociology
C. Anthropology
D. None of these
Judicial decisions are a part of ?
A. Convention
B. British constitution
C. American constitution
D. None of them
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Which of the following is a nation without a state ?
A. Tibet
B. Israel
C. Belgium
D. all of these
What is cosmopolitan democracy ?
A. a form of world government with global citizenship
B. rule by the worlds educated elites
C. democratic government at the level of the city
D. democratic government that is representative of a multicultural society
The al-Qaeda claimed responsibility for the attacks on American targets on 11th September
2001 In what year did al-Qaeda bomb a nightclub on the Indonesian island of Bali Killing more
than 200 people ?
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A. 1999
B. 2004
C. 2004
D. 2002
In many contemporary conflict’s attempts are made to protect soldiers often at the expense
of civilian lives in order to minimize political problems from media coverage of fatalities How
are such conflicts described ?
A. degenerate wars
B. genocides
C. illegal wars
D. risk-transfer wars
What is the main consequence of well-defined ethnic existing within established nations
states ?
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A. nations without states
B. multiculturalism
C. a cultural melting Pot
D. separate institutions
Compared With the sate formation process in industrialized countries which one of the
following created major problems for developing societies ?
A. the lack of a strong work ethic
B. the legacy of economic mismanagement by local leaders
C. the lock of a democratic culture
D. the legacy of colonialism
The right to govern in England flows through the legislature to ?
1. The prime minister
2. The cabinet
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3. The court of law
4. None of them
Which of these distinguishes modern nation-sates from traditional civilizations ?
A. a national identity with an associated set of symbols and beliefs
B. governmental authority over a clearly demarcated territory
C. the granting of citizenship rights to the relevant population
D. all of the above
New style terrorism differs from old style terrorism in three main ways Which of the following
is not one of the three ?
A. it is global in the scope of its aims
B. it has a nationalist ideology
C. it adopts a loose international type of organization
D. it is more ruthless in the recourse to violent means
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Mary Kaldor (2006) argues that globalization processes lie at the heart of many new wars
Which of the following is not an example of the increasing globalization of conflict ?
A. the presence of diaspora volunteer fighters
B. the recourse of combatants to small -scale guerrilla tactics
C. the involvement of international NGOs
D. the role of multinational United Nations peacekeeping troops
Who stated that war is the continuation of political intercourse by other means ?
A. Carl von Clausewitz
B. Martin Shaw
C. Karl Marx
D. Mary Kaldor
What name did Norbert Elias give to the dynamic of competition between social units that
eventually gave rise to a nation state ?
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A. the absolutist mechanism
B. the decivilizing process
C. the monopoly mechanism
D. the courtizaion process
What do separatist movements around the world seek to achieve ?
A. recognition of the equal rights of an ethnic group within a nation state
B. the creation of an independent nation state
C. the expulsion of an ethnic group from a disputed region
D. acceptance of an ethnic groups that to use a separate minority language
The notion of citizenship rights is associated with ?
A. T.H Huxley
B. A.H Halsey
C. T.H Marshall
D. E.H Carr
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Which of these ethnic groups has the greatest proportion of households below 60 per cent of
median income ?
A. Whites
B. Indians
C. Black Caribbean’s
D. Bangladeshis
Median earnings are a better benchmark for poverty than mean earnings
because _?
A. the mean is distorted by a few people at the very top of the distribution
B. they lead more people to be defined as in poverty
C. the median is a more accurate measurement of earnings than the mean
D. all of the above
Which of these countries has the smallest proportion of people living on less than $1 a
day ?
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A. Bangladesh
B. Mozambique
C. China
D. Pakistan
Put these stages in the evolution of citizenship in chronological order ?
A. civil rights political citizenship social citizenship environmental citizenship
B. social citizenship political citizenship environmental citizenship civil rights
C. political citizenship social citizenship environmental citizenship civil rights
D. civil rights environmental citizenship social citizenship political citizenship
Which of these is not a critique of attempts to measure relative deprivation ?
A. the personal experience of poverty is not the concern of sociologists
B. there is an arbitrary nature to how items are selected for a deprivation index
C.it may be choice not poverty that means some people do not qualify for some of the
items on a deprivation index
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D. the subjective nature of such indices means it is difficult to make comparisons
between different studies and time periods
Which of these constitute the three worlds of welfare-capitalism ?
A. social democratic socialist communist
B. social democratic corporatist liberal
C. social democratic Christian-democratic nationalist
Which of these is not an example of social exclusion ?
A. tax avoidance
B. gated communities
C. homelessness
D. none of these
Children living in poverty tend to be more likely ?
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A. to be killed in road accident
B. to have a diet consisting primarily of vegetables
C. to live in male-headed households
Critics of the concept of relative poverty argue that ?
A. it concentrates too much on kinship ties
B. the government should be raising benefit levels
C. in modern affluent societies no one is truly poor
D. it is wrong to make comparisons between countries
Social exclusion refers to ways in which people are cut off from full involvement in society
How has Veit-Wilson (1998) distinguished the main variants of this concept ?
A. primary/secondary
B. weak/strong
C. general/specific
D. old/new
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Extreme poverty is often defined as living on less than US$1 per day how has extreme poverty
changed between 1981 and 2004 ?
A. stayed the same around 1.5 billion people
B. rose from 1.5 billion people to 3 billion
C. fell form 1.5 billion people to 1 billion
D. rose from 1.5 billion people to 2.5 billion
Which approach to audience studies emphasizes the ways in which different audiences use
the media to meet their needs ?
A. hypodermic model
B. gratification model
C. reception theory
D. interpretative model
The Frankfurt School built upon the work of Marx but the importance of which of the
following did its members argue that he under emphasized ?
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A. globalization
B. work
C. economics
D. culture
When was the World Wide Web invented at a Swiss physics laboratory ?
A. 1980
B. 1985
C. 1990
D. 1995
According to Marshall McLuhan which of the following is being created by the electronic
media ?
A. global village
B. global network
C. global flows
D. global cities
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According to Jean Baudrillard What is hyper reality ?
A. modern theme parks such as Disneyland
B. the merging of reality and media representations
C. the virtual world made possible by the Internet
D. people, s affinity with soap characters rather than real people
Noam Chomsky,s work is an example of which theoretical approach to the media ?
A. functionalism
B. symbolic interactionism
C. postmodernism
D. political economy
Place the three largest producers of films globally in order ?
A. USA India Nigeria
B. India USA Nigeria
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C. India China USA
D. India Nigeria USA
New communications technologies have revolutionized social life in the last 30 years or so
Which of the following is not one of the four most significant technological trends making this
revolution possible ?
A. robotics
B. the capability of computers
C. the digitization of data
D. satellite communications
E. fiber optics
Karl Marx held that a social movement-the revolt of the proletariat -would help workers
overcome feelings of ?
A. class consciousness
B. false consciousness
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C. socialist consciousness
D. surplus value
The most all-encompassing type of collective behavior is _?
A. public opinion
B. social movements
C. rumors
D. crowds
The abbreviation “NIMBY” stands for “not in my backyard” a cry often heard when people
protest ?
A. landfills
B. prisons
C. nuclear power facilities
D. all of the above
The term vested interests was coined by social economist _?
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A. William F. Oghurn
B. Talcott Parsons
C. Auguste Comte
D. Thorstein Veblen
Which sociological perspective minimizes change ?
D. each of the above
The division of labor among physicians into obstetricians’ internists surgeons and so forth is
an example of the process that Talcott Parsons called ?
A. differentiation
B. value generalization
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C. inclusion
D. adaptive upgrading
The writings of Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim are examples of_ ?
A. cyclical theory
B. unilinear theory
C. multilinear theory
D. conflict theory
Sreberny-Mohammadi (1996) argues that national cultures can resist American cultural
domination of the media by ?
A. domesticating its content including more home-produced programmes
B. controlling the distribution of imported products by banning satellite dishes
C. creating reverse flows of their own programmes back to imperial societies
D. all of the above
Walt Disney Sony and Time Warner are examples of ?
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A. transnational corporations
B. multi-media empires
C. ownership concentrated within one medium
D. government-owned companies
The print revolution of the nineteenth century resulted in ?
A. mass production mass circulation and the decline of serious content
B. the public ownership of newspapers as a shared resource
C. more people going to the cinema as a new leisure activity
D. a reduction of virtual communities on the internet
The term culture industry used by members of the Frankfurt School referred
to ?
A. the globalization of cultural through new technologies
B. the way in which culture products were bought and sold for profit
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C. the development of subcultures and counter-cultures society
D. the way in which industrialization had created new means of communication
Critics of the spread of Western cultural products across the globe argue that a cultural empire
has been created What term do they use to describe this ?
A. media saturation
B. media globalization
C. media penetration
D. media imperialism
Which of the following is not a characteristic of ideology according to the critical conception of
ideology ?
A. neutral
B. misleading
C. illusory
D. distorting
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According to Manual Castells which is the defining organizational structure of our age ?
A. bureaucracy
B. networks
C. hierarchy
D. conglomerates
A decline in which of the following does Putnam link to the spread of television ?
A. rational though
B. social capital
C. cultural capital
D. political awareness
What term is used to describe the phenomenon whereby newspapers can be read online radio
stations accessed on digital televisions and mobile phones enable internet access ?
A. mediatization
B. convergence
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C. globalization
D. cloud computing
Who famously stated the medium is the message ?
A. Manuel Castells
B. Marshall McLuhan
C. Howard Rheingold
D. Karl Marx
The global dominance of American film exports raises s about ?
A. cultural imperialism
B. rise of digital media
C. virtual communities
D. the US is not the largest global exporter of films
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0332-4646739

social aggregations that emerge from the (Inter)Net when enough people carry on…. public
discussions long enough with sufficient human feeling to form webs of personal relationships
What is Rheingold (2000) describing here ?
A. cyberspace
B. the worldwide web
C. virtual communities
D. chatrooms
Which sociological perspective would be especially interested in studying how people
communicate with each other and develop relationships through MUDS (multi -user domains)
and electronic chat rooms ?
D. labeling theory
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Which term was introduced by Charles Per row to refer to failures that are inevitable given
the manner in which human and technological systems are organized ?
A. the Per row principle
B. the Peter principle
C. the school principal
D. normal accidents
Which of the following used the phrase looking-glass self to emphasize that the self is the
product of our social interactions with other people?
B. Charles Horton Cooley
C. Erving Goffman
D. Harry Harlow
The conscious and rational part of the self is ?
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A. id
B. ego
C. Superego
D. None of these
Freud divided self into three parts the id the superego and the ?
A. ego
B. sub-ego
C. le
D. None of these
Mead presented the idea that each individual is a composite of expectations one believes
others hold toward one Mead named it as ?
A. looking glass self
B. Self-perception
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C. generalized other
D. None of these
Socialization is the process through which an individual internalizes ?
A. Cultural norms
B. Social processes
C. Sense of interaction
D. None of these
Cooley presented the idea of”looking glass self” a personality type in which self is discovered
through ?
A. Persons,s own image about himself/herself
B. Reactions of others
C. Mixture of both
D. None of these
Basic personality characteristics of the individual are formed within ?
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A. family
B. Friends
C. Classroom
D. None of these
Sorokin emphasizes that the group difference is mainly affected by differences
in ?
A. biological factor
B. Physical environment
C. Culture
D. None of these
totality of behavior of an individual with a given tendency system interacting with a sequence
of situations” is termed as ?
A. Behavior
B. Role
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C. Personality
D. None of these
0314-4646739
0336-4646739 0332-4646739

Sociology MCQs Quiz Test Questions with Answers.pptx

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