Genes transformation in plant

1. Gene transformation
in plants

2. Content's
• Introduction
• History
• Gene transformation
• Methods of plant transformation
• Importance

3. Introduction
• Plant genetic engineering has become
one of the most important molecular
tools in the modern molecular breeding
of crops.
• Over the last decade significant progress
has been made in the development of
new and efficient transformation
methods in plants.

4. History
• The transformation was first time
applied by British Bacteriologist in
1928 in Diplococcus pneumonia.
• Transformation using electroporation.
• Gene gun discovered by John Sanford
in the 1980s.

5. Gene transformation
• It involves 2 stages:
1- Delivery of the DNA into single cell
2- Regeneration into full fertile plants
• The transformation is done by using
vectors such as plasmids.

7. • Origin of replication
• Antibiotic resistant genes
• Multiple cloning sites
• Allow insertion of foreign DNA
 Ti-plasmid
• Contain one or more T-DNA region that
is integrated into the plant host
genome.
• Contain a virregion 40kb.
Vectors

8. Process of T-DNA
• Signal recognition by Agrobacterium
• Attachment to cells of the plant

10. Methods of plant transformation
1. Indirect method:
• Agrobacterium mediated gene
transfer.
2. Direct method:
• Particle gun
• Chemical method (protoplast fusion)
• Laser induced DNA delivery
• Electroporation

11. Indirect method
• Agrobacterium-
• Soil born, gram negative, rod shaped,
motile found in rhizosphere.
• Causative agents of "crown gall" cause
disease.
• Have ability transfer bacterial genes to
plant genome.

13. Direct methods

14. Protoplast Fusion
The transformation of plant protoplast
done with naked DNA through
treatment with PEG, the treatment also
takes place in the presence of divalent
cations.

15. Laser induced DNA delivery
• Laser produce holes that are transient
in the cell membrane in which DNA
enters into the cell cytoplasm.
• No information about gene expression

16. Electroporation
• The delivery of DNA into the plant cell
is done trough electroporation.
• Plant regulatory sequence is necessary
for the gene of interest.
• It may be used to transform all the
major cereals particularly rice, wheat,
maize.

18. Importance
The importance to produce transgenic
plant is to:
• Improve crop yields.
• Improvement of varietal traits.
• It protect against their parasites, pests
and weather conditions.