Active and Passive voice

CONVERSION OF
ACTIVE TO PASSIVE
VOICE

Identify the Subject, Verb and the
object of the sentence.
Examples:
He drives a car.
Subject Verb Object

Interchange the position of the
subject and the object.
Examples:
A car drives he.
Object Verb Subject
Do it for
now only!

Change the verb to its past
participle or v3 form.
(No other form will
be used as main verb
in the passive
sentence.)
Examples:
A car is driven he.
Object V3 form Subject
(Is driven was
written
because the
word was
drives.)

The word by will be used before
subject in passive Voice.
Examples:
A car is driven by him.
Object V3 form Subject

ACTIVE VOICE PRONOUN PASSIVE VOICE PRONOUN
I Me
We Us
He Him
She Her
It It
They Them
You You

Convert the following sentence to passive voice.
She drinks water.

Answer:
Water is drunk by her.
If incorrect, read the slides again.

Other words like “with” or “to” can
also be used on the place of “by”
Depending on the subject of the
sentence.
Examples:
I know him.
He is known to me.

When a object which is a pronoun becomes a subject It
Changes into An active pronoun.
Examples:
I know him.
He is known to me.

PASSIVE VOICE PRONOUN ACTIVE VOICE PRONOUN
Me I
Us We
Him He
Her She
It It
Them They
You You

Convert the following sentences to passive voice.
• Water fills a tub.
• She prepares dinner.
• She knows him.
• Juice fills the jar.

Answer:
✓ A tub is filled with water.
✓ Dinner is prepared by her.
✓ He is known to her.
✓ The jar is filled by juice.

Subject verb agreement is important
in all sentences.
Examples:
Niti ate the cakes.
The cakes were eaten by Niti.
(As cakes was plural that is why we wrote were.)

The children ate the cake.

Answer:
The cake was eaten by the children.

Change auxiliary verbs in the sentences according to
the different type of tense.
Examples:
I eat mangoes.
Mangoes are eaten by me.

❖ Active voice: eat/eats
❖ Passive voice: is/am/are + V3
Examples:
She grows tomatoes.
Tomatoes are grown by her.

• He writes a poem.
• My mother does the housework.
• Ridhima eats fruits every morning.
• The grocer sells sugar.
(Try sentence no. 3 on your own, explanation is given further.)

Answer:
✓ A poem is written by him.
✓ The housework is done by my mother.
✓ Fruits are eaten by Ridhima every morning.
✓ Sugar is sold by the grocers.

• Children love animals.
• Cats catch mice.

Answer:
✓ Animals are loved by animals.
✓ Mice are caught by cats.

Leave the question word and answer the rest of the
sentence. Now, solve the whole sentence.
Examples: Does the grocer sell sugar?
Is sugar sold by grocer?
Sugar is sold by the grocer.
Answer:
Is, is used for sugar. So we will use is on the place of
does because the question was talking about the
grocer first but the passive sentence is talking about
sugar and for sugar we use is.

Do children love animals?

Answer:
Are animals loved by children?

❖ Active voice: is/am/are + eating
❖ Passive voice: is/am/are + being + V3
Examples:
Saroj is calling Geeta.
Geeta is being called by Saroj.

• Bob is drawing a diagram.
• Is the farmer ploughing the field?

Answer:
✓ A diagram is being drawn by Bob.
✓ Is the field being ploughed by the farmer?

❖ Active voice: has/have + eaten (V3)
❖ Passive voice: has/have + been + V3
Examples:
I have made some cakes.
Some cakes have been made
by me.

• Ashok has written this letter.
• Has he completed the work?

Answer:
✓ This letter has been written by Ashok.
✓ Has the work been completed by him?

❖ Active voice: ate (V3)
❖ Passive voice: was/were + V3
Examples:
Hari stole my book.
My book was stolen by Hari.

• The mad dog bit the beggar.
• She didn’t buy the fruits.

Answer:
✓ The beggar was bitten by the mad dog.
✓ The fruits were not bought by her.

❖ Active voice: was/were + eating
❖ Passive voice: was/were + being + V3
Examples:
Astha was learning French.
French was being learnt by Astha.

• She was washing a shirt.
• Boys were singing songs.

Answer:
✓ The shirt was being washed by her.
✓ Songs were sung by boys.

❖ Active voice: had + eaten
❖ Passive voice: had + been + V3
Examples:
They had won the game.
The game had been won by them.

• I had finished her work.
• He had collected coins.

Answer:
✓ Her work had been finished by me.
✓ Coins had been collected by him.

❖ Active voice: shall/will + eat
❖ Passive voice: shall/will + be + V3
Examples:
He will never hurt you.
You will never be hurt by him.

• He will start the meeting.
• Will she write a poem?

Answer:
✓ The meeting will be started by him.
✓ Will a poem be written by her?

❖ Active voice: shall/will + have + eaten
❖ Passive voice: shall/will + have +been + V3
Examples:
They will have won the match.
The match will have been won by
them.

• Reena will have washed the skirt.
• Will he have received the letter?

Answer:
✓ The skirt will have been washed by Reena.
✓ Will the letter have been received by him?

• Ditransitive verbs have both a direct object and an
indirect object.
• When a transitive verb has two objects, there are
two possible ways of converting the sentence into
Passive voice.
• In such sentences, either of the objects may be used
as the subject in the Passive Voice
• Then, the other one remains unchanged and is called
the retained object.

Examples:
My mother bought a flower for me.
Subject Verb Direct
Object
Indirect
Object
The direct object is the receiver of the
action mentioned in the sentence.
The indirect object identifies the person/thing for
whom/what the action of the verb is performed.
A flower was bought by my mother for me.

Examples:
John told Peter a story.
A story was told to Peter by John.
He gave us some almonds.
Some almonds were given to us
by him.
(It doesn’t matter if we skip by me in some sentences.)

• He gave her some roses.
• I gave Latika a pen.

Answer:
✓ Some roses were given to her by him.
✓ She was given some roses by him.
Both the answers given are correct as these are
ditransitive verbs. If incorrect, read the slides again.
Question 1
Question 2
✓ A pen was given by me to Latika.
✓ Latika was given a pen by me.

Form of Imperative sentences
• Let + Object + be + Past participle
In these sentences sometimes the subject is hidden. So,
we have to identify the hidden subject.
Examples: Open the door.
Verb Object
You Open the door.
(Majorly the hidden
subject is you.)

LET US TRY TO CONVERT THE
SENTENCES NOW…
Examples:
Carry it home.
You carry it home.
Let it be carried home by you.
Do it at once.
You do it at once.
Let it be done at once by you.
(You can omit ‘by you’. See the previous slide and memorise the format.)

• Throw the ball
• Shut the door.
• Let me complete my homework.

Answer:
✓ Let the ball be thrown by you.
✓ Let the door be shut by you.
✓ Let my homework be completed by me.

‘Should be/You are
requested/Advised/Requested + to’ + V1 can
be used in some sentences.
Examples:
Please come here.
You are requested to come here.

When the active voice is in negative, the
passive voice takes the form: Let + object +
not + be + past participle
Examples:
Don’t laugh.
You are advised not to laugh.

• Help me.
• Do not beat the dog.
• Please send the in – voice at the earliest.

Answer:
✓ Let me be helped.
✓ You are requested to help me.
✓ Let the dog not be beaten.
✓ You are requested to send the in – voice earliest.

Examples:
All laughed at her.
She was laughed at by all.
She agreed to my proposal.
My proposal was agreed to by her.
(Don’t change the preposition.)

We objected to the monitor’s proposal.

Answer:
✓ The monitor’s proposal was objected
to by us.

When the verbs in the Active voice
is an Auxiliary Verb, 'be' and the
past participle is added to the verb
is added in the Passive Voice.
Example:
Our team may lose the cricket match.
The cricket match may be lost by our
team.

You must do the job.

Answer:
✓ The job must be done by you.

• I will buy the tickets for your return
journey.
• Plant it.
• I have lost the key.’
• We saw him talking to the headmaster.
• I have sown mustard in that bed.

Answer:
✓ The tickets for your return journey will be
bought by me.
✓ Let it be planted.
✓ The key has been lost.
✓ He was seen talking to the headmaster.
✓ Mustard has been sown in that bed.

Extra…
If you want to convert
passive to active voice
the whole process will be
reversed.

Active and Passive voice

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