Essay 2: Annotated Bibliography To “annotate” means to take notes about something. A “bibliography” is a fancy word for a list of references or Works Cited. So, an “annotated bibliography” is a list of references or Works Cited that you have contemplated, processed, and written some notes about. An Annotated Bibliography has multiple purposes. It provides you with notes for future reference, and you can use those notes to write research papers. Expectations: The Annotated Bibliography should include no fewer than ten (10) sources. These sources can be scholarly or popular, print or online. What counts as the “best” sources will depend on your topic and your purpose in using the sources. Required Format and Content: The Annotated Bibliography should have the following format and content: Works Cited Entry for the Source (for example – Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. “Title of Essay or Article.” ​Title of Journal, Newspaper, or Magazine​. Publication Information/Date.) Notice that you should use “hanging indent.” A paragraph in which you paraphrase the source’s content. The paraphrase should introduce the source’s author(s) with a “signal phrase.” The paraphrase should end with a parenthetical citation of the author’s last name (Author’s Last Name). A signal phrase introducing “a key quote from the source that you definitely want to use in your paper” (page number here, unless you are citing a webpage). A paragraph in which you analyze the source’s rhetoric and credibility. What are the source’s arguments? What kinds of evidence are those arguments based on? Are the source’s arguments and evidence credible and trustworthy? A paragraph in which you explain how you will use (or not use) the source in your Rogerian Argument. What kind of information or arguments does the source provide for your paper? What purpose will this information or these arguments serve in your paper? Works Cited entry for the next source. Repeat annotations described above. Requirements: ● Addresses the same topic proposed in the Topic Proposal ● Includes at least 10 sources, and provides an MLA-Style Works Cited Entry for each ● Summarizes each source’s content, and provides a “key quote” from each source ● Analyzes each source and explains how each will be used in the upcoming papers ● Follows the required format ● Runs at least 1000 words  Surname 1 Surname 1 Name Institution Professor Date College Reforms The selected topic for the purpose of this paper is on ‘College Reforms’. The topic was decided on because I personally have a keen interest on how education has progressed over the years. It has always fascinated me how education has evolved over the years to embrace diversity through concepts such as multicultural education. My interest in education has enabled me have a wider perspective on the issue and has also increased my knowledge base through which I will be able to h ...

1. Essay 2: Annotated Bibliography
To “annotate” means to take notes about something. A
“bibliography” is a fancy word for a list
of references or Works Cited. So, an “annotated bibliography”
is a list of references or Works
Cited that you have contemplated, processed, and written some
notes about. An Annotated
Bibliography has multiple purposes. It provides you with notes
for future reference, and you
can use those notes to write research papers.
Expectations:
The Annotated Bibliography should include no fewer than ten
(10) sources. These sources can
be scholarly or popular, print or online. What counts as the
“best” sources will depend on your
topic and your purpose in using the sources.
Required Format and Content:
The Annotated Bibliography should have the following format
and content:
Works Cited Entry for the Source (for example – Author’s Last
Name, Author’s First Name. “Title
of Essay or Article.” Title of Journal, Newspaper, or Magazine.
Publication
Information/Date.) Notice that you should use “hanging indent.”

2. A paragraph in which you paraphrase the source’s content. The
paraphrase should
introduce the source’s author(s) with a “signal phrase.” The
paraphrase should end with
a parenthetical citation of the author’s last name (Author’s Last
Name).
A signal phrase introducing “a key quote from the source that
you definitely want to use
in your paper” (page number here, unless you are citing a
webpage).
A paragraph in which you analyze the source’s rhetoric and
credibility. What are the
source’s arguments? What kinds of evidence are those
arguments based on? Are the
source’s arguments and evidence credible and trustworthy?
A paragraph in which you explain how you will use (or not use)
the source in your
Rogerian Argument. What kind of information or arguments
does the source provide for
your paper? What purpose will this information or these
arguments serve in your
paper?
Works Cited entry for the next source. Repeat annotations
described above.
Requirements:
● Addresses the same topic proposed in the Topic Proposal
● Includes at least 10 sources, and provides an MLA-Style

3. Works Cited Entry for each
● Summarizes each source’s content, and provides a “key
quote” from each source
● Analyzes each source and explains how each will be used in
the upcoming papers
● Follows the required format
● Runs at least 1000 words
Surname 1
Surname 1
Name
Institution
Professor
Date
College Reforms
The selected topic for the purpose of this paper is on ‘College
Reforms’. The topic was decided on because I personally have a
keen interest on how education has progressed over the years. It
has always fascinated me how education has evolved over the
years to embrace diversity through concepts such as
multicultural education. My interest in education has enabled
me have a wider perspective on the issue and has also increased
my knowledge base through which I will be able to handle this
paper. From my understanding, I consider a reform as an
amendment to what was previously wrong, unsatisfactory, or
corrupt. Unlike a revolution, a reform works to improve a
system as it stands rather than trying to overthrow it wholly i.e.
it only seeks to correct what is wrong in a system, and not
change the entire system (Innes, 43). With regards to education,
I can describe a reform as a goal or objective that seeks to
change public education. Reforms usually take on different
forms since the motivational factors surrounding the reformists

4. are always different. Since the 80s, reforms in the education
sector always have been focused on converting existing
educational systems from being based on inputs by the students
to being based on the output from the students (achievements of
the students). To understand more about reforms in the higher
education sector, I will use journals such as the International
Journal of Educational Reforms and the Education Reform
Journal both published in the year 2016. To be discussed in
detail are the specific college reforms which I will propose to
be implemented and how they will help improve students’
problem solving, learning, and critical thinking skills.
About The Proposal
The selected topic will address the three main aspects of college
life that are inherently linked to an individual student’s ability
to learn, think critically and solve problems, which are learning,
adapting, and growing. In essence, the idea of college reforms
does not just include policies that will govern the students only
with regards to education, it goes further than that and includes
a student’s life outside the lecture halls. A student’s life both
within and outside the walls of a lecture hall plays a great part
in shaping their life skills and intellect. The proposed reforms
will undoubtedly include all aspects of the student’s life
including their social, sexual, and co-curricular (zhao, 19).
The length of the paper will be addressed in a total of
1500words. Keeping in mind that college education still falls
within the education sector, it is safe to say that any reforms
adopted will undoubtedly have an effect on the other levels of
education. The education issue has a very broad perspective,
and trying to work in the favor of one education level will tend
to raise question in the other levels. Therefore, the paper will be
keen to focus only on those areas that are sensitive to college
and will not in any way conflict with the other levels. To do this
every reform will have to be discussed in great detail so as not
to leave out any info that may discredit them. Therefore, I am
more than certain that the paper will meet the minimum of 1500
words.

5. The topic is debatable enough to be an argumentative essay.
Regardless of the industry or sector, reforms are always subject
to dispute. Despite some reforms bringing about a positive
effect, there will be those that will bring in a little of both. It is
such as these that will spark debates among the various
authorities in the field of education, with some claiming that the
reform should be nullified will others will fight to maintain it.
With regards to the topic, it is very possible for positions to be
taken and the whole issue argued from two perspectives. Areas
can be refuted while ideas can be defended. However, after all
is laid down, a decision can still be made concerning the issue
with either of the opposing views carrying the bulk. As such,
the topic can be said to have all the necessary features that
could warrant a debate through an argumentative essay.
The audiences for the topic are both the college students and the
authoritative heads in the education sector. The topic directly
affects both the college students and the education authorities.
The students are affected because it is them who are subjected
to the policies and reforms that are passed, whether or not they
support them. As for the education authorities, they are the ones
who put their signatures to the proposed reforms so that they
can become law. The interests of the college students are well
vested in the topic because they also have the power to accept
or refute the proposed reforms. Various boycotts and riots have
been witnessed all over the world whenever the interests of the
students are left out when formulating and passing the reforms.
As for the authorities in the sector, it is in their best interests
that they make sure that the needs of the students are also
catered for in the reforms. The students have their own values
and beliefs about what concerns them and those in authority
also have their own views regarding what is best for the sector.
Because both audiences are directly affected by the topic and
have invested interests, it will be easy to engage them on the
issue. Reforms will be proposed and weighed in such a manner
that none of audiences will be able to dispute them. Each will
be handled individually and how they reflect on the students

6. with regards to boosting their learning abilities, their critical
thinking and problem solving skills. Though some of the
reforms will seem to favor one and impose on another, there
will still be common ground regarding the issue and no party
will be able to complain (Mehta, 203). To effectively learn and
master my audience, I will need to refer to past reforms and
how well or badly they were received. Material that will aid me
in this is readily available in the articles, newspapers, journals,
and even the internet. Through these means I will be able to
identify what makes the audience tick and what works to bring
them to common ground instead of either of them taking a side
on the matter.
Works Cited
Innes, J. (2003). Reform in English Public Life: the Fortunes of
a Word.
Mehta, J. (2012). The Futures of School reform: Five Pathways
to Fundamentally Reshaping American Schooling. Leadership
and Innovation.
Zhao, Y. (2016). Chapter 1. Recent Education Reform in the
United States. Retrieved February 9, 2016, from Differentiated
Instruction Sources:
http://www.ascd.org/publications/books/109076/chapters/Recent
-Education-Reform-in-the-United-States.aspx