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The Importance of Rainwater Producing
Rainwater producing is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse beforehand that up to groundwater. Also, is a method of collection and
storage of rain water in external (reservoirs) or groundwater below the external of the earth beforehand you become capitulated as external runoff.
Architects and builders are nowadays routinely constructing arrangements to make sure we uphold water stocks. A little of the arrangements most
oftentimes installed at the nowadays are those projected for rainwater harvesting. In easy words, this has been projected to arrest and storage rainwater
that falls on the external in order to be reused in the houses and in the business.
Uses contain water of the park, water for livestock, indoor warming of the residences and water for irrigation intentions etc. Rainwater that has been
amassed of the surfaces of houses, tents and innate institutions, or from specially coordinated spans of earth, might make an vital contribution to
drinking water.( Anon, 2009 )
It is a style to rise the nutrition of groundwater across storage rainwater innately, by rooftop water producing, packaged to engraved wells
(Thompson,2010 ). From the main goals of rainwater producing is:
Supplement internal water needs.
To face the producing demand from water
To amass rainwater.
To supply water to garden.
To craft awareness concerning rainwater producing system.
This assignment debates concerning water conservation across the adoption of rainwater
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RAIN WATER HARVESTING AND ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE OF GROUND WATER RAJASTHAN CONTEXT by Dr. S. K. GUPTA
Scientist 'D' Central Ground Water Board Western Region, Jaipur
Rain water harvesting and Artificial recharge of ground water
Rainwater harvesting is the technique of collection
and storage of rain water at surface or in subsurface aquifer, before it is lost as surface run off or as
evaporation.
The artificial recharge to ground water is a process by which the ground water reservoir is augmented at a rate exceeding that under natural conditions
of replenishment utilizing suitable civil construction techniques.
Identification of Area
Areas where availability of ground water is inadequate in lean months. Areas where groundwater levels...show more content...
Check Dam, Cement Plug, Nala Bund
A series of small bunds are made across selected nala sections such that the flow of surface water in the stream channel is impeded and water is
retained on pervious soil/rock surface for longer period. Nala bunds are constructed across bigger nalas of second order streams in areas having
gentler slopes. A nala bund acts like a mini percolation tank.
Horizontal Section of Nala Bund
Vertical Section of Nala Bund
Site Characteristic and Design Guidelines
The total catchment of the nala should normally be between 40 to 100 Hectares. The rainfall in the catchment should be 25 m). Aquifer is over lain by
impervious thick clay beds. Injection well can be with or without assembly. The Injection well with assembly should have screen in the potential
aquifer at least 3ā€“5 m below the water level. The injection well without assembly is filled with gravel to provide hydraulic continuity so that water is
directly recharged into the aquifer.
Šæā€šĀ§ Šæā€šĀ§
The injection well without assembly is very costeffective. The efficiency is very high and rate of recharge goes even up to 15 1ps at certain places.
Vertical Shaft with Injection Well
Rainwater Harvesting Structure, Collectorate Building, Jaipur
Lateral Recharge Shaft
ŠæŠƒĀ±
Ideally suited for areas where permeable sandy horizon is within 3 meter
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Hot Water Tank
LAB REPORT
"Hot water tank"
QUALIFICTION: NATIONAL DIPLOMA
SUBJECT: CONTROL SYSTEMS 2
SUBJECT CODE: ASY 211
Student nŠ’Ā°: 201228212
Surname: KALA
Initials: T.G.
20th /05/2014
Experiments to consider
i.Basic sequence1 ii. Basic sequence 2 iii. Batch count sequence iv. Automatic reset
v.Soaking period (version 1) vi. Soaking period (version 2)
i.HWT 1 (Basic sequence1)
Objective
The aim of this experiment is to build and understand the basics of the operation of a hot water tank sequence.
This experiment actually introduces the basic functions and the use of a hot water tank.
Procedure:
From the beginning of the sequence the tank is empty and all the valves will be closed (not active), once the start button which is (I07) on the diagram
is pressed inlet valve fast which is (Q01) will open and will then start filling the tank with the water. The level of water in the tank will start rising and
once the water reaches the min level which is (I01), (I01) will sense the water and will turn on, once the water has rose and reached the max level
(I04), I04 will turn on and will cause the inlet valve to close and outlet valve (Q03) to open and the tank will then start to drain the water. Now to
stop the sequence, the outlet valve will close as soon as the water goes below the min level (I01).
Circuit Diagram
Figure 1 (Basic Sequence 1)
ii.HWT 2 (Basic sequence 2)
Objective Same as first experiment but this time we have been asked to design a system
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INTRODUCTION
It is widely known that water covers up to 70% of our planet's surface. However, we have never been able to have enough fresh water to meet our
demands. Up until now, 1.1 billion people worldwide still lack the access to usable water sources and a total of 2.7 billion find water scarce for at
least one month of the year. (WWF) Even in a centralized industry area, the main water supply system sometimes not able to meet the demand.
Water crisis is now a global problem. Since the 1950s till this present date the population of world has increased into double. The use of water is
increasing but the sources are constant for safe water. The world is facing an overall of deficit of fresh water. Therefore, the need to find an additional
water resource is inevitable.
Rainwater...show more content...
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
In times of such crisis today, rainwater harvest is indeed a blessing. However, there is no perfect solution for a reality problem.
Below we are going to highlight some advantage and disadvantages of rainwater harvesting.
Advantage
1.Rain water harvest relieves pressure on other water sources. In a small community such in rural or mountain area, rainwater supply can coā€“exist with
other sources and can act as a supplement to them. (CEF, 2013)
2.Safe, drinkable reserved rainwater can be the solution when there is a calamity or an outbreak of safe water. It can help us prevent many diseases
and epidemic to spread wide during water crises due to the use of unclean, contaminated water.
3.Storing excess rain water during rainy season can help reduce the possibility of. Drainage overload can also be prevented by keeping drinkable
fresh water from the rainwater. Furthermore, water from flood can also be well taken care of and utilized by the rain harvesting system.(GDRC, 2015)
4.It can help reduce soil erosion during rainy
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Rain Water Harvesting
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Rainwater harvesting
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline
citations. Please help toimprove this article by introducing more precise citations. (June 2012)|
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulating and storing of rainwater for reuse before it reaches the aquifer. It has been used to provide drinking water,
water for livestock, water for irrigation, as well as other typical uses. Rainwater collected from the roofs of houses and local institutions can make an
important contribution to the availability of drinking water. See also first flush. Contents [show] |...show more content...
Veeranam is a 16ā€“kilometre (9.9 mi) long tank with a storage capacity of 1,465 mcft.
[edit]Present day * Currently in China and Brazil, rooftop rainwater harvesting is being practiced for providing drinking water, domestic water, water
for livestock, water for small irrigation and a way to replenish ground water levels. Gansu province in China and semiā€“arid north east Brazil have the
largest rooftop rainwater harvesting projects ongoing. * In Bermuda, the law requires all new construction to include rainwater harvesting adequate for
the residents. * The U.S. Virgin Islands have a similar law. * In Senegal and Guineaā€“Bissau, the houses of the Diolaā€“people are frequently equipped
with homebrew rainwater harvesters made from local, organic materials. * In the Irrawaddy Delta of Myanmar, the groundwater is saline and
communities rely on mudā€“lined rainwater ponds to meet their drinking water needs throughout the dry season. Some of these ponds are centuries old
and are treated with great reverence and respect.
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Disadvantages Of Dry Storage Containers
Dry storage containers are most commonly available in 10, 20 and 40 feet lengths. They are widely used and found in a variety of colours depending
on their branding and label. Nevertheless, they come in high cubes as well, whereby the height of the containers are slightly higher than the standard
ones. The most striking advantage of using dry storage container is that they are highly reusable. They are constructed mainly with different
compositions of steel such as structural steel, wieldable steel that are weather proof and nonā€“corrosive in the long run. they are both durable and strong.
Moreover, a steel lockbox feature may be added to it to enhance the security. It is mostly constructed with different compositions of steel for the entire
...show more content...
They generally come in 20 and 40 feet length which is similar to that of the dry storage container. However, due to the refrigeration unit and
ventilation equipment, some space are occupied resulting in a slight decrease in cargo space available. It is a temperature controlled container that
can go as low as negative 60 degree Celsius or even high temperature too if required. They are even equipped with a dehumidifier to ensure optimal
humidity and some even offer the control over the atmosphere such as adjusting the composition of air inside the container. They are often used for
the shipment of perishables such as flowers and fruits like bananas or even frozen goods.Its refrigeration unit is connected to the carrying ship's
electrical power supply and in some cases an external battery Air Freight Container / Pallet Air Freight Containers are also known as Unit Load
Devices (ULD). They are constructed with sheets of aluminum that are specially molded to fit plane's profile. the various edges of the plane so as to
maximize the limited amount of space. They are certified for airā€“worthiness to make sure they won't jeopardise flight safety or harm the
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Essay about Rain
Stepping outside, I instantly notice the fresh, wet scent of earth. As I continue walking, I willingly allow the sprinkling droplets to envelop my entire
body. My shoes are soon soaked; with each step I take, I feel a puddle of water move beneath my feet. The rain hurls itself violently on the dark,
slippery pavement. My hair is dripping with iceā€“cold raindrops which plummet to the earth with every movement I make. The numbing effect of the
icy downpour is finally setting in. Fierce thunder clouds sneak into the murderous sky and flashing lightning strikes begin. The rain falls faster and
heavier. My feet move quickly as I run down the road. I rush into my house and proceed to stare out the window and observe the vicious storm that is
only...show more content...
As a person lets the cool rain wash over them, a feeling of renewal and cleanliness is created.
Depression rates skyrocket during the dark and dreary seasons. This condition is known as Seasonal Affective Disorder. About 5
ā€“percent of adults in
the United States live with this condition. The loss of sunlight and increase of poor weather ā€“ snow, rain, windā€“ contribute to the severity of the
disorder. During the fall and winter months, it often rains. This is one contributing factor to SAD. Although rain can be light and happy, it can also
be extremely harsh. Thunderstorms are often present during heavy rainstorms. The electric flashes of light bring about nothing but fear; the
pounding rain only intensifies the storm. It is easy to see why the mere sight of rain depresses some people. When rain is mentioned, I think of
light ecstatic sprinkling. However, because of the different experiences each individual has, the opposite conclusion could be made. Rain drops
strongly resemble teardrops. Because of this astounding resemblance, a connection between sad teardrops and rain is made. During a rain storm,
the sky is not clear and blue; it is murky and gray. Colors have feelings associated with them. Blue is happy and bubbly while gray is sad and dull. A
depressed person will take a quick look at the rain and jump back in their beds.
It seems like in every good love story there is always a passionate kissing scene. A couple gets into a fight, splits
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Persuasive Essay For Physical Therapy
If anyone has ever played a sport or been in a competition, they know how it feels when they are stuck on the sideline or on the bench while one
knows they could be helping their team in the game. Nobody wants to be injured and have that kind of feeling any longer than they have to. Every
player wants to get back to being healthy and on the hardwood or the pitch as fast as possible. Those feelings never go away, and there is not many
careers that one can pursue to keep that feeling. If one is not talented enough to become a professional athlete, the opportunities are slim. One way to
stay around the life an athlete has been accustom to for so many years of their life, is to go into the field of sports physical therapy. This helps a person
be around the athletes and continue to benefit a team while still retaining a stable career to support a family. Althoughphysical therapy requires
determination and the will to see things through and to get things done, one who is planning a career in physical therapy will first need a good
education and degree. Also, one needs selflessness, respect, and accountability. Finally, a physical therapist needs goodleadership qualities to push
patients in prevention and rehabilitation. First of all, the education to become a physical therapist is expensive and prolonged, but in the end it proves
to be worth every bit. Physical therapy schooling is a very expensive program to go through. On average, for a resident of the state it cost
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Measurement Folio Task : Rainwater Harvesting
Measurement Folio Task
Rainwater Harvesting
Introduction:
In today's world, the scarcity of water due to global warming and climate changes is a major problem. This cannot be reduced just by introducing
water restrictions, it is necessary to collect and store water in order to use them during droughts and situations where the supply of water is limited.
For this purpose, many cities have decided to build rainwater harvesting tanks in order to collect and store rainwater for future use.
Rainwater can be used in various ways including watering gardens, toilet flushes, household chores etc. Though, it is not advisable to drink rainwater,
it can still be used for cooking after being boiled or cleansed.
This report will include investigating several things such as the sizes of the tanks required for a certain volume of water, the volume of water that
should be used during different times of the year and so on.
Through this task, common questions likeā€“ What is the capacity of rainfall that my roof can catch? How often does rainfall occur? / What is the
average rainfall in my area? What dimensions of the tank would I need, to save a certain amount of water? How much water would I need for a
certain period of time? Would be answered
Answers
To prove: 1mm of rain that falls on 1m2 of surface = 1 litre of water in the tank.
L.H.S= 1 mm of rain on 1m2 of surface
Volume/ Capacity = h*A
= 1mm * 1m2
= 0.001m * 1m2 (Since 1mm= 0.001m)
= 0.001m3
1m3 = 1000 litre
Š²ā‚¬
Ņ‘
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Persuasive Essay On Rain Barrelels
It has only been the last few years that rain barrels have become very popular. What was once an item that you could only get online or in specialty
stores (or make your own), has moved into the mainstream in many popular outlets like Home Depot, Lowes, Target and even in many Walmarts.
Just like any other product, a rain barrel comes in many shapes and sizes and can be as low as free, if you can build your own and hunt down some
basic parts you will need, up through a few hundred dollars. I have seen good ones at a local home center for $99. Here is how a rain barrel works.
As the name implies it is a barrel or big container with an opening at the top. Most rain barrels allow for that top opening to have your home's
downspout connected to it, so that when, as you guessed it, rains, the rainwater flows into the barrel. Then you reuse that water later as opposed to
...show more content...
However, like I found out, for some parts of Colorado, a rain barrel can be illegal. Why? I am not sure on that, so if you live in one of these areas
where you are not allowed to have a rain barrel, please let me know. I would be interested in hearing the reasons you were told you could not have
one. There are some downsides to a rain barrel that you need to know about so that you are prepared to tackle them. I turned to William Berg of
"Orchid Flower HQ" (http://www.orchidflowerhq.com/) who is an avid user and supporter of rain barrels. "The water you end up collecting might
be of poor quality and contain unwanted chemicals. Collected rain water is not nearly as clean as people think.This is usually not a problem with
hardy plants but can be a problem with more sensitive plants and is a big problem if you want to use the water for other purposes such as for animals
or in aquariums. The water collected may be tainted due to several reasons," says
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Rainwater Harvesting: Conserving Water at DHS
Decatur High School uses water for numerous tasks on a daily basis. Whether its watering schools lawns, washing animals at the Ag building,
watering greenhouse plants, or cooking in the cafeteria and washing one's hands; DHS could not function without the readily available supply of
water. Unfortunately, water has become scarcer in Texas over the past few years, because of extreme drought conditions. Due to the limited supply of
water in Wise County and surrounding areas, DHS should install a rainwater harvesting system. People often take water for granted, assuming that it
will always be readily available. They see endless pictures of beautiful lakes, rivers, and oceans that have an abundance of crystal clear water on
websites such as...show more content...
In the same way, Georgia Tech created a 6000ā€“gallon collection system that waters landscape and allows over flow to travel to a nearby pond ("Old
Civil"). These two schools are merely examples of the hundreds of schools seeking to make a positive impact on their environment. At CHRIS Kids, a
foster care system in Atlanta, Georgia, a 19,400ā€“gallon collection tank was built to provide water for irrigation. Property manager Harold Moreau
stated "We use those gallons of water for our irrigation. The property has a lot of natural vegetation, and with the readily available source of water
from the cistern, we're able to water accordingly as well as reduce costs, because we're not taking in any city water to use for our irrigation
program"("CHRIS Kids"). Building a proper rainwater system can be rather expensive upfront; however, many organizations offer funding to assist
with the cost and in the long run, the benefits will outweigh the cost that was spent to build it. According to the Texas Water Development Board, a
typical collection system for a home will cost between eight to ten thousand dollars ("Frequently Asked Questions"). While this sounds like an
outrageous price to collect a small amount of water, systems can actually collect a lot of water from only a little amount of rain. The average rainfall
in Austin is 32 inches annually, but homes can collect up to 34,000 gallons of water per year ("Frequently Asked
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Acid Rain In Water Pollution
If someone claimed that rain can cause the death of aquatic ecosystems, would you be skeptical? Fossil fuels are being burned around the world to
generate power, polluting the atmosphere. In comparison to the other fossil fuels, coal is the dirtiest pollutant. According to the Canadian
Encyclopedia it states, "Once the pH falls below approximately 5.5, both the amount and diversity of vegetation, zooplankton, amphibians and fish
decreases." So, in fact, rain can cause damage if the power of hydrogen (pH) is lowered making it acid rain, this was a problem in Quebec. Quebec is
one of the places hit the hardest because the water and soil is not strong enough to neutralize the sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. At the time
America was industrializing, creating coalā€“burning power plants and increasing the use of motor vehicles. This was great until the sulfuric smoke was
going into the atmosphere causing acid rain in Quebec.
To further understand Quebec's environmental problem the process of the fossil fuels need to be established. Sulfuric Acid and Nitric Acid are the main
reasons why acid rain occurred in Eastern Canada. While, sulfuric acid is produced when coal is burnt in power houses, nitric acid comes from the
exhaust pipes in vehicles. Coal is burned releasing sulfur particles into the air joining oxygen as sulfur dioxide. Afterward, more oxygen bonds to the
sulfur dioxide it becomes sulfur tri oxide, dissolving in the water forming sulfuric acid. Naturally rain is
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Rainwater collection can help minimize the demand for water that gardening makes during the hottest, driest periods. Rain barrels are a great way
to capitalize on this free source of water. Reasonably priced and easy to install, gardeners are advised to take a look at utilizing rain barrels.
Rainwater collection for use during dry spells is not new technology; rainwater has been being collected for over 2,000 years. This ancient
technology has found new life among today 's green gardeners. Costs of municipal water are rising and drought restrictions now face many areas of
the United States. While the average American may not be inclined to install a large cistern in their yard, rain barrels provide a reasonably priced and
easily installed option that produces a nice supplement to traditional water sources. Water is a much valued and often taken for granted natural
resource. Water is essential to life, human, critter, plant and other. Many Americans turn on the tap, leave it running for whatever their intended
purpose, such as brushing one 's teeth, and never give a thought to the big picture of water shortages around the world. Often gardeners turn on their
sprinklers with not much thought beyond their knowledge that their plants need a thorough soaking. It may seem to some that water is in abundance.
Lakes and rivers may dot the topo map of your region. However, consider these facts. Though 70% of the Earth surface is water only 2.5% is fresh
water (as opposed to salt
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Author: Chienā€“Lin Haung, Nienā€“Sheng Hsu, Chihā€“Chiang Wei, and Weiā€“Jiun Luo Optimal Spatial Design of Capacity and Quantity of Rainwater
Harvesting Systems for Urban Flood Mitigation http://www.mdpi.com/2073ā€“4441/7/9/5173/htm The change of global climate and the increasing rate
of severe hydrological events, combined with Taiwan's densely populated and overdeveloped areas. Flooding caused by heavy rainfall is more than
what it can handle. When there is a typhoon and heavy rainfall, the water level rise very quickly. The pumping stations cannot handle that much water,
and can't keep up with the water levels. Over time, they have debated about putting in rainwater harvest systems. Rainwater harvest systems are
containers that collect roof...show more content...
In 2012, Campisano and Modica created a dimensionless methodology for the best design of domestic rainwater harvest systems. From these studies, it
can be proved that the previous research had poorly designed the intake of the rainwater harvest systems. The size of the designs of rainwater harvest
systems were kept in small communities. They also lacked consideration of all metropolitan catchments varying in special capacity and quality of the
systems. The second category in rainwater harvest systems is simulation and evaluation of the effectiveness. First the research included evaluating the
possible potential for safe to drink water savings by using rainwater in residential areas. The second thing that was in the research was estimating
nonpotable household potential. With the performance of storage type, and investigating the potential benefits from sharing rainwater harvest systems
with neighbors by using rainfall data. Establishing the probabilistic relationships between storage capacities and deficit rates of rainwater harvest
systems was some of the next things that were used to consideration. These studies weren't really considered for the surface and sewer flowing after
rainwater. There are many studies evaluating the performance and reliability if rainwater harvest systems using numerical or hydrological models.
Jones and Hunt figured
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Rain Water Harvesting
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Other Information
In the present scenario management and distribution of water has become centralized. People depend on government system, which has resulted in
disruption of community participation in water management and collapse of traditional water harvesting system.
As the water crisis continues to become severe, there is a dire need of reform in water management system and revival of traditional systems.
Scientific and technological studies needs to be carried out to assess present status so as to suggest suitable mitigative measures for the revival to
traditional system/wisdom. Revival process should necessarily be backed by people 's...show more content...
This method is less expensive and very effective and if implemented properly helps in augmenting the ground water level of the area.
Components of the roof top rainwater harvesting system
The illustrative design of the basic components of roof top rainwater harvesting system is given in the following typical schematic diagram/
The system mainly constitutes of following sub components:
Š’Ā§ Catchment
Š’Ā§ Transportation
Š’Ā§ First flush
Š’Ā§ Filter
The surface that receives rainfall directly is the catchment of rainwater harvesting system. It may be terrace, courtyard, or paved or unpaved open
ground. The terrace may be flat RCC/stone roof or sloping roof. Therefore the catchment is the area, which actually contributes rainwater to the
harvesting system.
Transportation
Rainwater from rooftop should be carried through down take water pipes or drains to storage/harvesting system. Water pipes should be UV resistant
(ISI HDPE/PVC pipes) of required capacity. Water from sloping roofs could be caught through gutters and down take pipe. At terraces, mouth of the
each drain should have wire mesh to restrict floating material.
First Flush
First flush is a device used to flush off the water received in first shower. The first shower of rains needs to be flushedā€“off to avoid contaminating
storable/rechargeable water by the probable contaminants of the atmosphere and the catchment roof. It
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Rain Water Research Paper
Have you ever wondered why rain drops form little bubbles, or how water makes little bubbles on pennies? To properly understand my project, you
will have to understand water surface tension, and how hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules work. Also how surfactants work, and how
surfactants can propel a (n) object. Water molecules feel different pulls all around them, ones from the molecules on the surface of the water, and the
other ones which are closely packed with other water molecules. Water molecules that are below the surface feel a pull from all around them, on the
other hand, the water molecules on the surface feel a pull from below them and next to them. The water molecules toward the surface pull together,
and form a bubble. This is called water surface tension. Hydrophobic molecules don't like water, which means they will propel away from water.
Hydrophilic molecules...show more content...
When both hydrophilic molecules and hydrophobic molecules are in one, big place with water, the hydrophilic molecules want to get towards the
water, while the hydrophobic molecules want to get away from water. This big battle of tugā€“ofā€“war, makes water molecules separate. This causes the
water surface tension to go down, and the substances that decrease water surface tension are known as surfactants. Surfactants are a main ingredient in
detergents, soaps, perfumes, and other cleaning supplies. When dirt and stains are in clothes surfactants are used to get the stains out. Surfactants are
used to separate the molecules forming the surface tension of water. Then the cleaning agents slide through and do their job, clean. Surfactants, when
dropped in water, will try to spread across the surface of the water. While spreading along, it is also pushing away from the surface of the water. So
when an object is placed onto the water, the surfactant is pushing the object away from the water, (while spreading), causing it to
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INTRODUCTION
It is widely known that water covers up to 70% of our planet's surface. However, we have never been able to have enough fresh water to meet our
demands. Up until now, 1.1 billion people worldwide still lack the access to usable water sources and a total of 2.7 billion find water scarce for at
least one month of the year. (WWF) Even in a centralized industry area, the main water supply system sometimes not able to meet the demand.
Water crisis is now a global problem. Since the 1950s till this present date the population of world has increased into double. The use of water is
increasing but the sources are constant for safe water. The world is facing an overall of deficit of fresh water. Therefore, the need to find an additional
water resource is inevitable.
Rainwater...show more content...
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
In times of such crisis today, rainwater harvest is indeed a blessing. However, there is no perfect solution for a reality problem.
Below we are going to highlight some advantage and disadvantages of rainwater harvesting.
Advantage
1.Rain water harvest relieves pressure on other water sources. In a small community such in rural or mountain area, rainwater supply can coā€“exist with
other sources and can act as a supplement to them. (CEF, 2013)
2.Safe, drinkable reserved rainwater can be the solution when there is a calamity or an outbreak of safe water. It can help us prevent many diseases
and epidemic to spread wide during water crises due to the use of unclean, contaminated water.
3.Storing excess rain water during rainy season can help reduce the possibility of. Drainage overload can also be prevented by keeping drinkable
fresh water from the rainwater. Furthermore, water from flood can also be well taken care of and utilized by the rain harvesting system.(GDRC, 2015)
4.It can help reduce soil erosion during rainy
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1BACKGROUND
Rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) is a direct collection of water from roofs and other purpose built catchments. It is also as the collection of sheet
runoff from a madeā€“man ground or natural surface catchments and rock catchments for domestic, industry, agriculture and environmental use (Abdul
Hamid & Nordin, 2011). Normally, RWHS is depended to the size of the roof catchment area and the available rainfall. RWHS usually have six
components. There are the catchment area, gutter and downspout, a filtration system, a storage system, a delivery system and a treatment system.
According to (M. Martim & W. Watkins, Jr, 2010, pp. 2000
ā€“2009) RWHS is a roof collection system which has three main...show more content...
The government is trying to promote the application of RWH systems in buildings, houses, mosques and others. Therefore, the RWH systems are not
considered as a new phenomenon.
The RWH systems apply an environmental friendly design. People throughout Malaysia lack enough knowledge of knowing the benefits RWH
systems. Within the support and effort of government in promoting the application of RWH systems, the numbers of buildings and others using the
RWH systems increased.
The establishment of National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) make people aware to study how the importance of RWH systems
actually. Based on NAHRIM, approximately RWH systems begun implemented during of drought crisis in 1998 which brought unpleasant water supply
disruptions for Klang Valley folks.
Although, the application is still ongoing, the implementation of RWH systems in building offices not widely use. This implementation is executed
more on green building offices. From these circumstances, it seems like RWH systems only competence to the green buildings because RWH systems
is non environmental impact and it design for green. Here, we will look how far differences of efficiency RWH System between green building and
non green building on this study.
Besides, RWH systems are described as water and energy efficiency that had further explained in background. Although, RWH
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Persuasive Essay On Dog Breeding
For being man's supposed best friend, humans too often make choices to benefit themselves instead of dogs. People decide what traits make a dog
cute and disregard what traits make them healthy. Dog breeding is a harmful practice for dogs both biologically and culturally due to superficial
standards. These dogs are bred to be cute, but that cuteness can inadvertently carry a gene that can lead to disease, or even the cuteness itself could be
debilitating, such as with the poster pug's flat face makes breathing significantly more difficult. Dogs are living, breathing creatures and the standards
set for their reproduction should factor their wellā€“being into the standard of the dog.
Dog breeding is dangerous because to make a perfect dog they too often inbreed and cause birth defects and other health issues in dogs. Terry Allen,
an "In These Times" senior editor who has written the magazine's monthly investigative health and science column since 2006, argues in "We're
Breeding Dogs to Death" that "neither price, pedigree nor being loved like a member of the family can shield a dog from the pain, breathing
difficulties, cancer, panoply of debilitating genetic disorders, mental illness, crippling physiognomy and shortened life span that disproportionately
plague purebreds." The article "Selective Breeding or Artificial Selection" explains that in dogs, the "frequency of being homozygous for rare recessive
disorders increases when inbreeding occurs, potentially causing severe
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The Importance Of Rainwater Producing

  • 1. The Importance of Rainwater Producing Rainwater producing is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse beforehand that up to groundwater. Also, is a method of collection and storage of rain water in external (reservoirs) or groundwater below the external of the earth beforehand you become capitulated as external runoff. Architects and builders are nowadays routinely constructing arrangements to make sure we uphold water stocks. A little of the arrangements most oftentimes installed at the nowadays are those projected for rainwater harvesting. In easy words, this has been projected to arrest and storage rainwater that falls on the external in order to be reused in the houses and in the business. Uses contain water of the park, water for livestock, indoor warming of the residences and water for irrigation intentions etc. Rainwater that has been amassed of the surfaces of houses, tents and innate institutions, or from specially coordinated spans of earth, might make an vital contribution to drinking water.( Anon, 2009 ) It is a style to rise the nutrition of groundwater across storage rainwater innately, by rooftop water producing, packaged to engraved wells (Thompson,2010 ). From the main goals of rainwater producing is: Supplement internal water needs. To face the producing demand from water To amass rainwater. To supply water to garden. To craft awareness concerning rainwater producing system. This assignment debates concerning water conservation across the adoption of rainwater Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. RAIN WATER HARVESTING AND ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE OF GROUND WATER RAJASTHAN CONTEXT by Dr. S. K. GUPTA Scientist 'D' Central Ground Water Board Western Region, Jaipur Rain water harvesting and Artificial recharge of ground water Rainwater harvesting is the technique of collection and storage of rain water at surface or in subsurface aquifer, before it is lost as surface run off or as evaporation. The artificial recharge to ground water is a process by which the ground water reservoir is augmented at a rate exceeding that under natural conditions of replenishment utilizing suitable civil construction techniques. Identification of Area Areas where availability of ground water is inadequate in lean months. Areas where groundwater levels...show more content... Check Dam, Cement Plug, Nala Bund A series of small bunds are made across selected nala sections such that the flow of surface water in the stream channel is impeded and water is retained on pervious soil/rock surface for longer period. Nala bunds are constructed across bigger nalas of second order streams in areas having gentler slopes. A nala bund acts like a mini percolation tank. Horizontal Section of Nala Bund Vertical Section of Nala Bund Site Characteristic and Design Guidelines The total catchment of the nala should normally be between 40 to 100 Hectares. The rainfall in the catchment should be 25 m). Aquifer is over lain by impervious thick clay beds. Injection well can be with or without assembly. The Injection well with assembly should have screen in the potential aquifer at least 3ā€“5 m below the water level. The injection well without assembly is filled with gravel to provide hydraulic continuity so that water is directly recharged into the aquifer.
  • 3. Šæā€šĀ§ Šæā€šĀ§ The injection well without assembly is very costeffective. The efficiency is very high and rate of recharge goes even up to 15 1ps at certain places. Vertical Shaft with Injection Well Rainwater Harvesting Structure, Collectorate Building, Jaipur Lateral Recharge Shaft ŠæŠƒĀ± Ideally suited for areas where permeable sandy horizon is within 3 meter Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. Hot Water Tank LAB REPORT "Hot water tank" QUALIFICTION: NATIONAL DIPLOMA SUBJECT: CONTROL SYSTEMS 2 SUBJECT CODE: ASY 211 Student nŠ’Ā°: 201228212 Surname: KALA Initials: T.G. 20th /05/2014 Experiments to consider i.Basic sequence1 ii. Basic sequence 2 iii. Batch count sequence iv. Automatic reset v.Soaking period (version 1) vi. Soaking period (version 2) i.HWT 1 (Basic sequence1) Objective The aim of this experiment is to build and understand the basics of the operation of a hot water tank sequence. This experiment actually introduces the basic functions and the use of a hot water tank. Procedure: From the beginning of the sequence the tank is empty and all the valves will be closed (not active), once the start button which is (I07) on the diagram is pressed inlet valve fast which is (Q01) will open and will then start filling the tank with the water. The level of water in the tank will start rising and once the water reaches the min level which is (I01), (I01) will sense the water and will turn on, once the water has rose and reached the max level
  • 5. (I04), I04 will turn on and will cause the inlet valve to close and outlet valve (Q03) to open and the tank will then start to drain the water. Now to stop the sequence, the outlet valve will close as soon as the water goes below the min level (I01). Circuit Diagram Figure 1 (Basic Sequence 1) ii.HWT 2 (Basic sequence 2) Objective Same as first experiment but this time we have been asked to design a system Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 6. INTRODUCTION It is widely known that water covers up to 70% of our planet's surface. However, we have never been able to have enough fresh water to meet our demands. Up until now, 1.1 billion people worldwide still lack the access to usable water sources and a total of 2.7 billion find water scarce for at least one month of the year. (WWF) Even in a centralized industry area, the main water supply system sometimes not able to meet the demand. Water crisis is now a global problem. Since the 1950s till this present date the population of world has increased into double. The use of water is increasing but the sources are constant for safe water. The world is facing an overall of deficit of fresh water. Therefore, the need to find an additional water resource is inevitable. Rainwater...show more content... ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT In times of such crisis today, rainwater harvest is indeed a blessing. However, there is no perfect solution for a reality problem. Below we are going to highlight some advantage and disadvantages of rainwater harvesting. Advantage 1.Rain water harvest relieves pressure on other water sources. In a small community such in rural or mountain area, rainwater supply can coā€“exist with other sources and can act as a supplement to them. (CEF, 2013) 2.Safe, drinkable reserved rainwater can be the solution when there is a calamity or an outbreak of safe water. It can help us prevent many diseases and epidemic to spread wide during water crises due to the use of unclean, contaminated water. 3.Storing excess rain water during rainy season can help reduce the possibility of. Drainage overload can also be prevented by keeping drinkable fresh water from the rainwater. Furthermore, water from flood can also be well taken care of and utilized by the rain harvesting system.(GDRC, 2015) 4.It can help reduce soil erosion during rainy Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. Rain Water Harvesting ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ā€“ Rainwater harvesting From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help toimprove this article by introducing more precise citations. (June 2012)| Rainwater harvesting is the accumulating and storing of rainwater for reuse before it reaches the aquifer. It has been used to provide drinking water, water for livestock, water for irrigation, as well as other typical uses. Rainwater collected from the roofs of houses and local institutions can make an important contribution to the availability of drinking water. See also first flush. Contents [show] |...show more content... Veeranam is a 16ā€“kilometre (9.9 mi) long tank with a storage capacity of 1,465 mcft. [edit]Present day * Currently in China and Brazil, rooftop rainwater harvesting is being practiced for providing drinking water, domestic water, water for livestock, water for small irrigation and a way to replenish ground water levels. Gansu province in China and semiā€“arid north east Brazil have the largest rooftop rainwater harvesting projects ongoing. * In Bermuda, the law requires all new construction to include rainwater harvesting adequate for the residents. * The U.S. Virgin Islands have a similar law. * In Senegal and Guineaā€“Bissau, the houses of the Diolaā€“people are frequently equipped with homebrew rainwater harvesters made from local, organic materials. * In the Irrawaddy Delta of Myanmar, the groundwater is saline and communities rely on mudā€“lined rainwater ponds to meet their drinking water needs throughout the dry season. Some of these ponds are centuries old and are treated with great reverence and respect. Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 8. Disadvantages Of Dry Storage Containers Dry storage containers are most commonly available in 10, 20 and 40 feet lengths. They are widely used and found in a variety of colours depending on their branding and label. Nevertheless, they come in high cubes as well, whereby the height of the containers are slightly higher than the standard ones. The most striking advantage of using dry storage container is that they are highly reusable. They are constructed mainly with different compositions of steel such as structural steel, wieldable steel that are weather proof and nonā€“corrosive in the long run. they are both durable and strong. Moreover, a steel lockbox feature may be added to it to enhance the security. It is mostly constructed with different compositions of steel for the entire ...show more content... They generally come in 20 and 40 feet length which is similar to that of the dry storage container. However, due to the refrigeration unit and ventilation equipment, some space are occupied resulting in a slight decrease in cargo space available. It is a temperature controlled container that can go as low as negative 60 degree Celsius or even high temperature too if required. They are even equipped with a dehumidifier to ensure optimal humidity and some even offer the control over the atmosphere such as adjusting the composition of air inside the container. They are often used for the shipment of perishables such as flowers and fruits like bananas or even frozen goods.Its refrigeration unit is connected to the carrying ship's electrical power supply and in some cases an external battery Air Freight Container / Pallet Air Freight Containers are also known as Unit Load Devices (ULD). They are constructed with sheets of aluminum that are specially molded to fit plane's profile. the various edges of the plane so as to maximize the limited amount of space. They are certified for airā€“worthiness to make sure they won't jeopardise flight safety or harm the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. Essay about Rain Stepping outside, I instantly notice the fresh, wet scent of earth. As I continue walking, I willingly allow the sprinkling droplets to envelop my entire body. My shoes are soon soaked; with each step I take, I feel a puddle of water move beneath my feet. The rain hurls itself violently on the dark, slippery pavement. My hair is dripping with iceā€“cold raindrops which plummet to the earth with every movement I make. The numbing effect of the icy downpour is finally setting in. Fierce thunder clouds sneak into the murderous sky and flashing lightning strikes begin. The rain falls faster and heavier. My feet move quickly as I run down the road. I rush into my house and proceed to stare out the window and observe the vicious storm that is only...show more content... As a person lets the cool rain wash over them, a feeling of renewal and cleanliness is created. Depression rates skyrocket during the dark and dreary seasons. This condition is known as Seasonal Affective Disorder. About 5 ā€“percent of adults in the United States live with this condition. The loss of sunlight and increase of poor weather ā€“ snow, rain, windā€“ contribute to the severity of the disorder. During the fall and winter months, it often rains. This is one contributing factor to SAD. Although rain can be light and happy, it can also be extremely harsh. Thunderstorms are often present during heavy rainstorms. The electric flashes of light bring about nothing but fear; the pounding rain only intensifies the storm. It is easy to see why the mere sight of rain depresses some people. When rain is mentioned, I think of light ecstatic sprinkling. However, because of the different experiences each individual has, the opposite conclusion could be made. Rain drops strongly resemble teardrops. Because of this astounding resemblance, a connection between sad teardrops and rain is made. During a rain storm, the sky is not clear and blue; it is murky and gray. Colors have feelings associated with them. Blue is happy and bubbly while gray is sad and dull. A depressed person will take a quick look at the rain and jump back in their beds. It seems like in every good love story there is always a passionate kissing scene. A couple gets into a fight, splits Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 10. Persuasive Essay For Physical Therapy If anyone has ever played a sport or been in a competition, they know how it feels when they are stuck on the sideline or on the bench while one knows they could be helping their team in the game. Nobody wants to be injured and have that kind of feeling any longer than they have to. Every player wants to get back to being healthy and on the hardwood or the pitch as fast as possible. Those feelings never go away, and there is not many careers that one can pursue to keep that feeling. If one is not talented enough to become a professional athlete, the opportunities are slim. One way to stay around the life an athlete has been accustom to for so many years of their life, is to go into the field of sports physical therapy. This helps a person be around the athletes and continue to benefit a team while still retaining a stable career to support a family. Althoughphysical therapy requires determination and the will to see things through and to get things done, one who is planning a career in physical therapy will first need a good education and degree. Also, one needs selflessness, respect, and accountability. Finally, a physical therapist needs goodleadership qualities to push patients in prevention and rehabilitation. First of all, the education to become a physical therapist is expensive and prolonged, but in the end it proves to be worth every bit. Physical therapy schooling is a very expensive program to go through. On average, for a resident of the state it cost Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. Measurement Folio Task : Rainwater Harvesting Measurement Folio Task Rainwater Harvesting Introduction: In today's world, the scarcity of water due to global warming and climate changes is a major problem. This cannot be reduced just by introducing water restrictions, it is necessary to collect and store water in order to use them during droughts and situations where the supply of water is limited. For this purpose, many cities have decided to build rainwater harvesting tanks in order to collect and store rainwater for future use. Rainwater can be used in various ways including watering gardens, toilet flushes, household chores etc. Though, it is not advisable to drink rainwater, it can still be used for cooking after being boiled or cleansed. This report will include investigating several things such as the sizes of the tanks required for a certain volume of water, the volume of water that should be used during different times of the year and so on. Through this task, common questions likeā€“ What is the capacity of rainfall that my roof can catch? How often does rainfall occur? / What is the average rainfall in my area? What dimensions of the tank would I need, to save a certain amount of water? How much water would I need for a certain period of time? Would be answered Answers To prove: 1mm of rain that falls on 1m2 of surface = 1 litre of water in the tank. L.H.S= 1 mm of rain on 1m2 of surface Volume/ Capacity = h*A = 1mm * 1m2 = 0.001m * 1m2 (Since 1mm= 0.001m) = 0.001m3 1m3 = 1000 litre
  • 12. Š²ā‚¬ Ņ‘ Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. Persuasive Essay On Rain Barrelels It has only been the last few years that rain barrels have become very popular. What was once an item that you could only get online or in specialty stores (or make your own), has moved into the mainstream in many popular outlets like Home Depot, Lowes, Target and even in many Walmarts. Just like any other product, a rain barrel comes in many shapes and sizes and can be as low as free, if you can build your own and hunt down some basic parts you will need, up through a few hundred dollars. I have seen good ones at a local home center for $99. Here is how a rain barrel works. As the name implies it is a barrel or big container with an opening at the top. Most rain barrels allow for that top opening to have your home's downspout connected to it, so that when, as you guessed it, rains, the rainwater flows into the barrel. Then you reuse that water later as opposed to ...show more content... However, like I found out, for some parts of Colorado, a rain barrel can be illegal. Why? I am not sure on that, so if you live in one of these areas where you are not allowed to have a rain barrel, please let me know. I would be interested in hearing the reasons you were told you could not have one. There are some downsides to a rain barrel that you need to know about so that you are prepared to tackle them. I turned to William Berg of "Orchid Flower HQ" (http://www.orchidflowerhq.com/) who is an avid user and supporter of rain barrels. "The water you end up collecting might be of poor quality and contain unwanted chemicals. Collected rain water is not nearly as clean as people think.This is usually not a problem with hardy plants but can be a problem with more sensitive plants and is a big problem if you want to use the water for other purposes such as for animals or in aquariums. The water collected may be tainted due to several reasons," says Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. Rainwater Harvesting: Conserving Water at DHS Decatur High School uses water for numerous tasks on a daily basis. Whether its watering schools lawns, washing animals at the Ag building, watering greenhouse plants, or cooking in the cafeteria and washing one's hands; DHS could not function without the readily available supply of water. Unfortunately, water has become scarcer in Texas over the past few years, because of extreme drought conditions. Due to the limited supply of water in Wise County and surrounding areas, DHS should install a rainwater harvesting system. People often take water for granted, assuming that it will always be readily available. They see endless pictures of beautiful lakes, rivers, and oceans that have an abundance of crystal clear water on websites such as...show more content... In the same way, Georgia Tech created a 6000ā€“gallon collection system that waters landscape and allows over flow to travel to a nearby pond ("Old Civil"). These two schools are merely examples of the hundreds of schools seeking to make a positive impact on their environment. At CHRIS Kids, a foster care system in Atlanta, Georgia, a 19,400ā€“gallon collection tank was built to provide water for irrigation. Property manager Harold Moreau stated "We use those gallons of water for our irrigation. The property has a lot of natural vegetation, and with the readily available source of water from the cistern, we're able to water accordingly as well as reduce costs, because we're not taking in any city water to use for our irrigation program"("CHRIS Kids"). Building a proper rainwater system can be rather expensive upfront; however, many organizations offer funding to assist with the cost and in the long run, the benefits will outweigh the cost that was spent to build it. According to the Texas Water Development Board, a typical collection system for a home will cost between eight to ten thousand dollars ("Frequently Asked Questions"). While this sounds like an outrageous price to collect a small amount of water, systems can actually collect a lot of water from only a little amount of rain. The average rainfall in Austin is 32 inches annually, but homes can collect up to 34,000 gallons of water per year ("Frequently Asked Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 15. Acid Rain In Water Pollution If someone claimed that rain can cause the death of aquatic ecosystems, would you be skeptical? Fossil fuels are being burned around the world to generate power, polluting the atmosphere. In comparison to the other fossil fuels, coal is the dirtiest pollutant. According to the Canadian Encyclopedia it states, "Once the pH falls below approximately 5.5, both the amount and diversity of vegetation, zooplankton, amphibians and fish decreases." So, in fact, rain can cause damage if the power of hydrogen (pH) is lowered making it acid rain, this was a problem in Quebec. Quebec is one of the places hit the hardest because the water and soil is not strong enough to neutralize the sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. At the time America was industrializing, creating coalā€“burning power plants and increasing the use of motor vehicles. This was great until the sulfuric smoke was going into the atmosphere causing acid rain in Quebec. To further understand Quebec's environmental problem the process of the fossil fuels need to be established. Sulfuric Acid and Nitric Acid are the main reasons why acid rain occurred in Eastern Canada. While, sulfuric acid is produced when coal is burnt in power houses, nitric acid comes from the exhaust pipes in vehicles. Coal is burned releasing sulfur particles into the air joining oxygen as sulfur dioxide. Afterward, more oxygen bonds to the sulfur dioxide it becomes sulfur tri oxide, dissolving in the water forming sulfuric acid. Naturally rain is Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 16. Rainwater collection can help minimize the demand for water that gardening makes during the hottest, driest periods. Rain barrels are a great way to capitalize on this free source of water. Reasonably priced and easy to install, gardeners are advised to take a look at utilizing rain barrels. Rainwater collection for use during dry spells is not new technology; rainwater has been being collected for over 2,000 years. This ancient technology has found new life among today 's green gardeners. Costs of municipal water are rising and drought restrictions now face many areas of the United States. While the average American may not be inclined to install a large cistern in their yard, rain barrels provide a reasonably priced and easily installed option that produces a nice supplement to traditional water sources. Water is a much valued and often taken for granted natural resource. Water is essential to life, human, critter, plant and other. Many Americans turn on the tap, leave it running for whatever their intended purpose, such as brushing one 's teeth, and never give a thought to the big picture of water shortages around the world. Often gardeners turn on their sprinklers with not much thought beyond their knowledge that their plants need a thorough soaking. It may seem to some that water is in abundance. Lakes and rivers may dot the topo map of your region. However, consider these facts. Though 70% of the Earth surface is water only 2.5% is fresh water (as opposed to salt Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 17. Author: Chienā€“Lin Haung, Nienā€“Sheng Hsu, Chihā€“Chiang Wei, and Weiā€“Jiun Luo Optimal Spatial Design of Capacity and Quantity of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Urban Flood Mitigation http://www.mdpi.com/2073ā€“4441/7/9/5173/htm The change of global climate and the increasing rate of severe hydrological events, combined with Taiwan's densely populated and overdeveloped areas. Flooding caused by heavy rainfall is more than what it can handle. When there is a typhoon and heavy rainfall, the water level rise very quickly. The pumping stations cannot handle that much water, and can't keep up with the water levels. Over time, they have debated about putting in rainwater harvest systems. Rainwater harvest systems are containers that collect roof...show more content... In 2012, Campisano and Modica created a dimensionless methodology for the best design of domestic rainwater harvest systems. From these studies, it can be proved that the previous research had poorly designed the intake of the rainwater harvest systems. The size of the designs of rainwater harvest systems were kept in small communities. They also lacked consideration of all metropolitan catchments varying in special capacity and quality of the systems. The second category in rainwater harvest systems is simulation and evaluation of the effectiveness. First the research included evaluating the possible potential for safe to drink water savings by using rainwater in residential areas. The second thing that was in the research was estimating nonpotable household potential. With the performance of storage type, and investigating the potential benefits from sharing rainwater harvest systems with neighbors by using rainfall data. Establishing the probabilistic relationships between storage capacities and deficit rates of rainwater harvest systems was some of the next things that were used to consideration. These studies weren't really considered for the surface and sewer flowing after rainwater. There are many studies evaluating the performance and reliability if rainwater harvest systems using numerical or hydrological models. Jones and Hunt figured Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 18. Rain Water Harvesting RAINWATER HARVESTING Other Information In the present scenario management and distribution of water has become centralized. People depend on government system, which has resulted in disruption of community participation in water management and collapse of traditional water harvesting system. As the water crisis continues to become severe, there is a dire need of reform in water management system and revival of traditional systems. Scientific and technological studies needs to be carried out to assess present status so as to suggest suitable mitigative measures for the revival to traditional system/wisdom. Revival process should necessarily be backed by people 's...show more content... This method is less expensive and very effective and if implemented properly helps in augmenting the ground water level of the area. Components of the roof top rainwater harvesting system The illustrative design of the basic components of roof top rainwater harvesting system is given in the following typical schematic diagram/ The system mainly constitutes of following sub components: Š’Ā§ Catchment Š’Ā§ Transportation Š’Ā§ First flush Š’Ā§ Filter
  • 19. The surface that receives rainfall directly is the catchment of rainwater harvesting system. It may be terrace, courtyard, or paved or unpaved open ground. The terrace may be flat RCC/stone roof or sloping roof. Therefore the catchment is the area, which actually contributes rainwater to the harvesting system. Transportation Rainwater from rooftop should be carried through down take water pipes or drains to storage/harvesting system. Water pipes should be UV resistant (ISI HDPE/PVC pipes) of required capacity. Water from sloping roofs could be caught through gutters and down take pipe. At terraces, mouth of the each drain should have wire mesh to restrict floating material. First Flush First flush is a device used to flush off the water received in first shower. The first shower of rains needs to be flushedā€“off to avoid contaminating storable/rechargeable water by the probable contaminants of the atmosphere and the catchment roof. It Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 20. Rain Water Research Paper Have you ever wondered why rain drops form little bubbles, or how water makes little bubbles on pennies? To properly understand my project, you will have to understand water surface tension, and how hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules work. Also how surfactants work, and how surfactants can propel a (n) object. Water molecules feel different pulls all around them, ones from the molecules on the surface of the water, and the other ones which are closely packed with other water molecules. Water molecules that are below the surface feel a pull from all around them, on the other hand, the water molecules on the surface feel a pull from below them and next to them. The water molecules toward the surface pull together, and form a bubble. This is called water surface tension. Hydrophobic molecules don't like water, which means they will propel away from water. Hydrophilic molecules...show more content... When both hydrophilic molecules and hydrophobic molecules are in one, big place with water, the hydrophilic molecules want to get towards the water, while the hydrophobic molecules want to get away from water. This big battle of tugā€“ofā€“war, makes water molecules separate. This causes the water surface tension to go down, and the substances that decrease water surface tension are known as surfactants. Surfactants are a main ingredient in detergents, soaps, perfumes, and other cleaning supplies. When dirt and stains are in clothes surfactants are used to get the stains out. Surfactants are used to separate the molecules forming the surface tension of water. Then the cleaning agents slide through and do their job, clean. Surfactants, when dropped in water, will try to spread across the surface of the water. While spreading along, it is also pushing away from the surface of the water. So when an object is placed onto the water, the surfactant is pushing the object away from the water, (while spreading), causing it to Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 21. INTRODUCTION It is widely known that water covers up to 70% of our planet's surface. However, we have never been able to have enough fresh water to meet our demands. Up until now, 1.1 billion people worldwide still lack the access to usable water sources and a total of 2.7 billion find water scarce for at least one month of the year. (WWF) Even in a centralized industry area, the main water supply system sometimes not able to meet the demand. Water crisis is now a global problem. Since the 1950s till this present date the population of world has increased into double. The use of water is increasing but the sources are constant for safe water. The world is facing an overall of deficit of fresh water. Therefore, the need to find an additional water resource is inevitable. Rainwater...show more content... ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT In times of such crisis today, rainwater harvest is indeed a blessing. However, there is no perfect solution for a reality problem. Below we are going to highlight some advantage and disadvantages of rainwater harvesting. Advantage 1.Rain water harvest relieves pressure on other water sources. In a small community such in rural or mountain area, rainwater supply can coā€“exist with other sources and can act as a supplement to them. (CEF, 2013) 2.Safe, drinkable reserved rainwater can be the solution when there is a calamity or an outbreak of safe water. It can help us prevent many diseases and epidemic to spread wide during water crises due to the use of unclean, contaminated water. 3.Storing excess rain water during rainy season can help reduce the possibility of. Drainage overload can also be prevented by keeping drinkable fresh water from the rainwater. Furthermore, water from flood can also be well taken care of and utilized by the rain harvesting system.(GDRC, 2015) 4.It can help reduce soil erosion during rainy Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 22. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1BACKGROUND Rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) is a direct collection of water from roofs and other purpose built catchments. It is also as the collection of sheet runoff from a madeā€“man ground or natural surface catchments and rock catchments for domestic, industry, agriculture and environmental use (Abdul Hamid & Nordin, 2011). Normally, RWHS is depended to the size of the roof catchment area and the available rainfall. RWHS usually have six components. There are the catchment area, gutter and downspout, a filtration system, a storage system, a delivery system and a treatment system. According to (M. Martim & W. Watkins, Jr, 2010, pp. 2000 ā€“2009) RWHS is a roof collection system which has three main...show more content... The government is trying to promote the application of RWH systems in buildings, houses, mosques and others. Therefore, the RWH systems are not considered as a new phenomenon. The RWH systems apply an environmental friendly design. People throughout Malaysia lack enough knowledge of knowing the benefits RWH systems. Within the support and effort of government in promoting the application of RWH systems, the numbers of buildings and others using the RWH systems increased. The establishment of National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) make people aware to study how the importance of RWH systems actually. Based on NAHRIM, approximately RWH systems begun implemented during of drought crisis in 1998 which brought unpleasant water supply disruptions for Klang Valley folks. Although, the application is still ongoing, the implementation of RWH systems in building offices not widely use. This implementation is executed more on green building offices. From these circumstances, it seems like RWH systems only competence to the green buildings because RWH systems is non environmental impact and it design for green. Here, we will look how far differences of efficiency RWH System between green building and non green building on this study. Besides, RWH systems are described as water and energy efficiency that had further explained in background. Although, RWH Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 23. Persuasive Essay On Dog Breeding For being man's supposed best friend, humans too often make choices to benefit themselves instead of dogs. People decide what traits make a dog cute and disregard what traits make them healthy. Dog breeding is a harmful practice for dogs both biologically and culturally due to superficial standards. These dogs are bred to be cute, but that cuteness can inadvertently carry a gene that can lead to disease, or even the cuteness itself could be debilitating, such as with the poster pug's flat face makes breathing significantly more difficult. Dogs are living, breathing creatures and the standards set for their reproduction should factor their wellā€“being into the standard of the dog. Dog breeding is dangerous because to make a perfect dog they too often inbreed and cause birth defects and other health issues in dogs. Terry Allen, an "In These Times" senior editor who has written the magazine's monthly investigative health and science column since 2006, argues in "We're Breeding Dogs to Death" that "neither price, pedigree nor being loved like a member of the family can shield a dog from the pain, breathing difficulties, cancer, panoply of debilitating genetic disorders, mental illness, crippling physiognomy and shortened life span that disproportionately plague purebreds." The article "Selective Breeding or Artificial Selection" explains that in dogs, the "frequency of being homozygous for rare recessive disorders increases when inbreeding occurs, potentially causing severe Get more content on HelpWriting.net