Essay Rain Water Harvesting

Natural Background Of Water Footprint Essay
The total volume of freshwater consumed and polluted for the production of goods and service
used by a consumer is known as the water footprint. Consumption is loss of available water from
its catchment area and redeposited at another catchment area, or used to make a product or by
evaporation such that it is no longer available for use for another purpose. (Hoekstra et al 2011)
According to water footprint studies, three classes of water use exists, namely, blue water which
refers to the volume of surface and groundwater consumed in the manufacture of a product, green
water which refers to the volume of consumption of rainwater excluding any runoffs and grey
water is polluted water and by definition is the amount of freshwater needed to assimilate the load
of pollutants given natural background concentrations and existing ambient water quality
standards (Hoekstra et al 2011). The understanding of water footprint will eventually lead
behavioral changes which will in turn ensure sustainable water use. The Goal and Scope Water
footprint, like a standard life cycle assessment, has a goal and a scope around which the study is
built. The purpose and scope of analysis which will be used in a water footprint analysis is largely
dependent on the area of interest. The definition of this purpose is the goal of the water footprint
and the interest can either be 1.The water footprint for a product 2.The water footprint of a consumer
3.The water footprint for a business 4.The water
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Measurement Folio Task : Rainwater Harvesting
Measurement Folio Task
Rainwater Harvesting
Introduction:
In today's world, the scarcity of water due to global warming and climate changes is a major
problem. This cannot be reduced just by introducing water restrictions, it is necessary to collect and
store water in order to use them during droughts and situations where the supply of water is limited.
For this purpose, many cities have decided to build rainwater harvesting tanks in order to collect and
store rainwater for future use.
Rainwater can be used in various ways including watering gardens, toilet flushes, household chores
etc. Though, it is not advisable to drink rainwater, it can still be used for cooking after being boiled
or cleansed.
This report will include investigating several things such as the sizes of the tanks required for a
certain volume of water, the volume of water that should be used during different times of the year
and so on.
Through this task, common questions like– What is the capacity of rainfall that my roof can catch?
How often does rainfall occur? / What is the average rainfall in my area? What dimensions of the
tank would I need, to save a certain amount of water? How much water would I need for a certain
period of time? Would be answered
Answers
To prove: 1mm of rain that falls on 1m2 of surface = 1 litre of water in the tank.
L.H.S= 1 mm of rain on 1m2 of surface
Volume/ Capacity = h*A
= 1mm * 1m2
= 0.001m * 1m2 (Since 1mm= 0.001m)
= 0.001m3
1m3 = 1000 litre
в€
ґ

Author: Chien–Lin Haung, Nien–Sheng Hsu, Chih–Chiang Wei, and Wei–Jiun Luo Optimal Spatial
Design of Capacity and Quantity of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Urban Flood Mitigation http:/
/www.mdpi.com/2073–4441/7/9/5173/htm The change of global climate and the increasing rate of
severe hydrological events, combined with Taiwan's densely populated and overdeveloped areas.
Flooding caused by heavy rainfall is more than what it can handle. When there is a typhoon and
heavy rainfall, the water level rise very quickly. The pumping stations cannot handle that much
water, and can't keep up with the water levels. Over time, they have debated about putting in
rainwater harvest systems. Rainwater harvest systems are containers that collect roof...show more
content...
In 2012, Campisano and Modica created a dimensionless methodology for the best design of
domestic rainwater harvest systems. From these studies, it can be proved that the previous research
had poorly designed the intake of the rainwater harvest systems. The size of the designs of rainwater
harvest systems were kept in small communities. They also lacked consideration of all metropolitan
catchments varying in special capacity and quality of the systems. The second category in rainwater
harvest systems is simulation and evaluation of the effectiveness. First the research included
evaluating the possible potential for safe to drink water savings by using rainwater in residential
areas. The second thing that was in the research was estimating nonpotable household potential. With
the performance of storage type, and investigating the potential benefits from sharing rainwater
harvest systems with neighbors by using rainfall data. Establishing the probabilistic relationships
between storage capacities and deficit rates of rainwater harvest systems was some of the next things
that were used to consideration. These studies weren't really considered for the surface and sewer
flowing after rainwater. There are many studies evaluating the performance and reliability if
rainwater harvest systems using numerical or hydrological models. Jones and Hunt figured

INTRODUCTION
It is widely known that water covers up to 70% of our planet's surface. However, we have never
been able to have enough fresh water to meet our demands. Up until now, 1.1 billion people
worldwide still lack the access to usable water sources and a total of 2.7 billion find water scarce
for at least one month of the year. (WWF) Even in a centralized industry area, the main water supply
system sometimes not able to meet the demand.
Water crisis is now a global problem. Since the 1950s till this present date the population of world
has increased into double. The use of water is increasing but the sources are constant for safe
water. The world is facing an overall of deficit of fresh water. Therefore, the need to find an
additional water resource is inevitable.
Rainwater...show more content...
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
In times of such crisis today, rainwater harvest is indeed a blessing. However, there is no perfect
solution for a reality problem.
Below we are going to highlight some advantage and disadvantages of rainwater harvesting.
Advantage
1.Rain water harvest relieves pressure on other water sources. In a small community such in rural or
mountain area, rainwater supply can co–exist with other sources and can act as a supplement to
them. (CEF, 2013)
2.Safe, drinkable reserved rainwater can be the solution when there is a calamity or an outbreak of
safe water. It can help us prevent many diseases and epidemic to spread wide during water crises due
to the use of unclean, contaminated water.
3.Storing excess rain water during rainy season can help reduce the possibility of. Drainage
overload can also be prevented by keeping drinkable fresh water from the rainwater. Furthermore,
water from flood can also be well taken care of and utilized by the rain harvesting system.(GDRC,
2015)
4.It can help reduce soil erosion during rainy

The Importance of Rainwater Producing
Rainwater producing is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse beforehand that up to
groundwater. Also, is a method of collection and storage of rain water in external (reservoirs) or
groundwater below the external of the earth beforehand you become capitulated as external runoff.
Architects and builders are nowadays routinely constructing arrangements to make sure we uphold
water stocks. A little of the arrangements most oftentimes installed at the nowadays are those
projected for rainwater harvesting. In easy words, this has been projected to arrest and storage
rainwater that falls on the external in order to be reused in the houses and in the business.
Uses contain water of the park, water for livestock, indoor warming of the residences and water for
irrigation intentions etc. Rainwater that has been amassed of the surfaces of houses, tents and innate
institutions, or from specially coordinated spans of earth, might make an vital contribution to
drinking water.( Anon, 2009 )
It is a style to rise the nutrition of groundwater across storage rainwater innately, by rooftop water
producing, packaged to engraved wells (Thompson,2010 ). From the main goals of rainwater
producing is:
Supplement internal water needs.
To face the producing demand from water
To amass rainwater.
To supply water to garden.
To craft awareness concerning rainwater producing system.
This assignment debates concerning water conservation across the adoption of rainwater

Water Consumption Throughout The World
1.0 Introductory: Water Consumption in Canada Water consumption, in many regions, is becoming
problematic as the objective is to consume and to prevent it from becoming an obsolete factor.
Canada has access to one fifth of the world's freshwater and is known for its rich–water, but
noticeably today many regions across the country are suffering water insufficiency on a periodical
basis and some even more frequently than others. Canada is one of the largest per capita users of
fresh water in the world. One of the few conclusions arrived at to resolve this issue of water
insufficiency is the practice of rainwater harvesting which is the collection and storing of rain. This
practice is still under development in Canada but the use of...show more content...
This has become an accepted practice in many countries as it assists in supplementing water supply
to regions facing water scarcity due to droughts or other economical and environmental factors. In
2010 the National Plumbing Code of Canada permitted the use of rainwater for urinal flushing and
subsurface irrigation. In Ontario, households were permitted to use supplemented water for toilet
flushing and subsurface irrigation. Although this developmental process is limited predominantly to
non–potable usage, specific systems allow water to be filtered and through roof material choice to
toxin release can be prevented, production water for potable use. 2.1 How Does the System Operate?
The rainwater harvesting system consists of four major components including a catchment area to
collect rainfall and a conveyance system to circulate the water from the roof to the storage area. The
third component is the storage system; connected to the storm water drains which are attached to the
roofs, employed to store the collected water and lastly a distribution system through which water is
dispersed to designated fixtures. Rainwater enters the tank, processing through a filter, removing
external matters such as dirt or leaves. The storage tanks can be placed underground or above
ground, varying in size from one hundred to thousands of litres for residential housing, consisting of
a pumping system to distribute rainwater to toilets, gardens and other

What Are The Best Options For Harvesting Stormwater?
Explore the Reuse options for harvesting stormwater.
Christopher Dinh
Undergraduate Student, School of Civil Engineering
Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus
2 George Street, Brisbane, 4001
Abstract
The aim of this technical conference paper is to explore the reuse options for Stormwater Harvesting.
There are several options that are explored and described in detail, in order to determine the most
efficient.
Introduction
The recent drought in Australia has raised the need for more efficient, sustainable management of
water sources throughout urban areas in the ever–changing diverse Australian climate; with major
objectives of reducing water pollution and...show more content...
Stormwater Harvesting
Stormwater Harvesting projects typically cost millions of dollars. With the larger the scale of the
scheme, the larger the costs of funding, but in return millions of litres of water can potentially be
saved annually [4]. Having said that, there are still millions of dollars invested into unprecedented
pilot projects which inevitably become invaluable learning opportunities to determine which means
can be utilised best as being the most cost–effective. Developing successful Stormwater Harvesting
schemes are reliant upon pilot projects which can provide specific guidance by means of producing
new ideas and principles. However, there are a few constant elements that are generally common in
all Stormwater Harvesting schemes developed, which will be discussed below.
In a typical Stormwater Harvesting scheme, there are several stages that are critical to the process.
Unlike basic "Rainwater Harvesting", which simply involves collecting the water runoffs from roofs,
Stormwater Harvesting incorporates several common elements across the varying methods which
include the collection (harvesting) of runoff water from drains, treatment, storage and distribution
into urban areas [1].
Harvest
Stormwater is harvested from a water source (e.g. drain).
If the source is owned by a private owner or government body sector, a licence will need to be
attained.
Treatment
The harvested stormwater is treated to a water quality level that is

Water Usage Of The Refugee Settlement Essay
Intro The Zambian Refugee Settlement in Mayukwayukwa, which established by the United
Nations in 1966, currently has no system for harvesting rain water or for storing water in bulk.
Zambia has a monsoonal climate thus it receives all of its rain water in one small section of the
year and is dry and arid for the rest. This review will focus specifically on the water usage of the
refugee settlement. This area of research will prove to be invaluable for the specifications of the
water harvesting and bulk storage system as it will be the basis for which the required volumes of
water are calculated. The development of the Mayukwayukwa settlement will be stunted if they do
not have access to sufficient amounts of water for the refugees who live there or for the crops and
animals. The objectives of this paper are to assess the current water usage of the Mayukwayukwa
Refugee Settlement and to predict what the minimum volume is that will meet their basic
requirements. The questions that I intend to answer are: – What is the current water usage of the
refugee settlement in Mayukwayukwa? – What is the minimum volume that will meet the basic
requirements of the people in the refugee settlement? An accurate data set of water usage of the
Refugee Settlement in Mayukwayukwa is impossible to find as there have been no previous
attempts to measure it for any reason. The total water usage of the Mayukwayukwa Refugee
Settlement is 64,240,000 Litres/Year. This total can be

During A Rain Garden Alliance (EPA)
A rain garden is a depressed area of land that collects and filters water runoff (EPA). The runoff
collected in a rain garden comes from building roofs, streets, sidewalks, and other areas of the
landscape that are paved over (Rain Garden Alliance) (EPA). Water collects in the shallow
depression, soaks into the ground and is filtered through the vegetation, it is then returned to the
water cycle (EPA). Rain gardens are a sustainable way to manage and relieve storm water systems
during a rain event (Rain Garden

Rainwater Harvesting: Conserving Water at DHS
Decatur High School uses water for numerous tasks on a daily basis. Whether its watering schools
lawns, washing animals at the Ag building, watering greenhouse plants, or cooking in the cafeteria
and washing one's hands; DHS could not function without the readily available supply of water.
Unfortunately, water has become scarcer in Texas over the past few years, because of extreme
drought conditions. Due to the limited supply of water in Wise County and surrounding areas,
DHS should install a rainwater harvesting system. People often take water for granted, assuming
that it will always be readily available. They see endless pictures of beautiful lakes, rivers, and
oceans that have an abundance of crystal clear water on websites such as...show more content...
In the same way, Georgia Tech created a 6000–gallon collection system that waters landscape and
allows over flow to travel to a nearby pond ("Old Civil"). These two schools are merely examples
of the hundreds of schools seeking to make a positive impact on their environment. At CHRIS Kids,
a foster care system in Atlanta, Georgia, a 19,400–gallon collection tank was built to provide water
for irrigation. Property manager Harold Moreau stated "We use those gallons of water for our
irrigation. The property has a lot of natural vegetation, and with the readily available source of
water from the cistern, we're able to water accordingly as well as reduce costs, because we're not
taking in any city water to use for our irrigation program"("CHRIS Kids"). Building a proper
rainwater system can be rather expensive upfront; however, many organizations offer funding to
assist with the cost and in the long run, the benefits will outweigh the cost that was spent to build
it. According to the Texas Water Development Board, a typical collection system for a home will
cost between eight to ten thousand dollars ("Frequently Asked Questions"). While this sounds like
an outrageous price to collect a small amount of water, systems can actually collect a lot of water
from only a little amount of rain. The average rainfall in Austin is 32 inches annually, but homes
can collect up to 34,000 gallons of water per year ("Frequently Asked

Drinking Water : Human Right Or Commodity? Essay
Drinking Water: Human Right or Commodity? Water, like food, is a necessity for human life that
is used for many purposes such as agricultural, industrial, and domestic systems. While water is a
common element around the world not all of it is clean and able to be consumed or used by
humans. With only a percentage of the world's water being clean and the use of water increasing,
the availability of water around the world has become a common issue in the developing and
even the developed world. This may be a smaller problem in areas close to clean water sources
compared to areas far from a clean water source but, the availability of water is not strictly based
on location, it also depends on the specific political and social needs and issues of the area as well.
These all become issues that must be accounted for when deciphering whether water is a basic
human right or a commodity and what action must be taken to aid the developing water systems in
community's that lack them.
1. Human Right or Commodity? Whether water is a human commodity or basic human right has
become a large problem around the world while dealing with the availability of clean drinking water
in developing societies. If water is either recognized to be a right or a commodity, many
complications come to these developing countries in several social and political aspects. A human
right is a freedom and a right that belongs to everyone in the world. Water as a human right gives
everyone the right to water as

The Current State Of Water Supply
Introduction
Water, although considered a renewable resource is not available for infinite use as only six percent
of the world's total supply is fresh water. Only this fresh water can be directly used for daily human
needs and thus the amount of water actually available for use is much lower than the total amount of
water present on the earth. The limited amount of water then poses the issue of water scarcity in
some areas and makes the wise use and sustainable management of water extremely important. To
ensure this sustainable management of water and prevent any misuse, it is important to have an
appropriate institutional framework that looks after the water supply. The lack of a proper framework
in the past has lead to the shifting of water management from the hands of the government to the
private sector (Prasad, 2007).
The purpose of writing this essay is to look into the current state of water supply, the issues
surrounding the water supply and the correct method to overcome the prevailing issues. This essay
will answer the question is privatization of water the solution to solving the current water crisis in
different parts of the world? I will argue for the need of a public–private partnership to ensure a
balance between the private sector and the government. In Section (1) of the essay I will talk about
the failings in the current water system and the reasons leading to a shift towards privatization.
Followed by Section (2), which will simultaneously address the

Career Episode 3
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 In this third career episode I shall describe a position that I am currently occupying. I have been
working "On Farm Water Management Department," as "Water Management Officer" since
November 2007. I joined this organization as Assistant Agricultural Engineer and then after
promoted as water management officer. It functions under Ministry of Agriculture, Punjab, Pakistan.
I am an agricultural engineer. I am employed as a Group Leader of engineering department in above
mentioned organization. The group under my direction performs high efficiency water–supply
systems design and water conservation techniques in agriculture lands. I have gone through several
trainings during this course of...show more content...
All these are the basic focuses of department. 1.2.2 High Efficiency Irrigation Systems
In crop production the irrigation water is the most critical factor to enhance its productivity and also
effective use of other non–water inputs. There is inefficient use of available resources in agriculture
field in Punjab province and on other hand Punjab is encountering severe shortage of irrigation
water from many decades. It is causing much lower agriculture productivity while Punjab is highly
productive resource base of Pakistan. High efficiency irrigation systems (HEIS) resulted in finding
water and nutrient efficient options and most appropriate ways to address various crop production
related issues.
1.2.3 Types of HEIS
There are number of High efficiency irrigation system methods such as bubbler , drip , rain–gun,
center pivot , conventional sprinkler all these methods involve use of pipes for carrying water
from the source to points of use. Small emitters in form of droplets are being used in drip or
trickle irrigation which provide water to individual plants without causing waste of water. Bubbler
irrigation is as well similar to trickle irrigation the difference is only that instead of pipe in this
form of system we use micro sprinklers mounted on small spikes. Only in rain gun irrigation system
water is being pumped at high pressure via piped system and then after sprayed over the field.
Drip Irrigation System the highly water efficient

Rain Water Harvesting
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Rainwater harvesting
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | This article includes a list of references, but its sources
remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help toimprove this article by
introducing more precise citations. (June 2012)|
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulating and storing of rainwater for reuse before it reaches the
aquifer. It has been used to provide drinking water, water for livestock, water for irrigation, as well as
other typical uses. Rainwater collected from the roofs of houses and local institutions can make an
important contribution to the availability of drinking water. See also first flush. Contents [show] |
...show more content...
Veeranam is a 16–kilometre (9.9 mi) long tank with a storage capacity of 1,465 mcft.
[edit]Present day * Currently in China and Brazil, rooftop rainwater harvesting is being practiced
for providing drinking water, domestic water, water for livestock, water for small irrigation and a
way to replenish ground water levels. Gansu province in China and semi–arid north east Brazil have
the largest rooftop rainwater harvesting projects ongoing. * In Bermuda, the law requires all new
construction to include rainwater harvesting adequate for the residents. * The U.S. Virgin Islands
have a similar law. * In Senegal and Guinea–Bissau, the houses of the Diola–people are frequently
equipped with homebrew rainwater harvesters made from local, organic materials. * In the
Irrawaddy Delta of Myanmar, the groundwater is saline and communities rely on mud–lined
rainwater ponds to meet their drinking water needs throughout the dry season. Some of these ponds
are centuries old and are treated with great reverence and respect.

RAIN WATER HARVESTING AND ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE OF GROUND WATER
RAJASTHAN CONTEXT by Dr. S. K. GUPTA
Scientist 'D' Central Ground Water Board Western Region, Jaipur
Rain water harvesting and Artificial recharge of ground water
Rainwater harvesting is the technique of collection
and storage of rain water at surface or in subsurface aquifer, before it is lost as surface run off or as
evaporation.
The artificial recharge to ground water is a process by which the ground water reservoir is
augmented at a rate exceeding that under natural conditions of replenishment utilizing suitable civil
construction techniques.
Identification of Area
Areas where availability of ground water is inadequate in lean months. Areas where groundwater
levels...show more content...
Check Dam, Cement Plug, Nala Bund
A series of small bunds are made across selected nala sections such that the flow of surface water
in the stream channel is impeded and water is retained on pervious soil/rock surface for longer
period. Nala bunds are constructed across bigger nalas of second order streams in areas having
gentler slopes. A nala bund acts like a mini percolation tank.
Horizontal Section of Nala Bund
Vertical Section of Nala Bund
Site Characteristic and Design Guidelines
The total catchment of the nala should normally be between 40 to 100 Hectares. The rainfall in the
catchment should be 25 m). Aquifer is over lain by impervious thick clay beds. Injection well can be
with or without assembly. The Injection well with assembly should have screen in the potential
aquifer at least 3–5 m below the water level. The injection well without assembly is filled with
gravel to provide hydraulic continuity so that water is directly recharged into the aquifer.
п‚§ п‚§
The injection well without assembly is very costeffective. The efficiency is very high and rate of
recharge goes even up to 15 1ps at certain places. Vertical Shaft with Injection Well
Rainwater Harvesting Structure, Collectorate Building, Jaipur
Lateral Recharge Shaft

пЃ±
Ideally suited for areas where permeable sandy horizon is within 3 meter

Rain Water Case Study
Does permitting Colorado residents to harvest rain water by means of a rain barrel, affect the
water flows for senior water rights holders and downstream users? Review of a small sensitivity
analysis conducted by a private party in Douglas County indicates there is no significant impact if
resident do so. Colorado has an old law with regard to harvesting rain water. The law states, the
State of Colorado has claim to all the water and moisture which falls in the state, therefore, a
resident is not permitted to collect water. Some believe permitting Colorado residents to harvest
rain water is a violation of the doctrine of prior appropriations. The study labeled, "Holistic
Approach to Sustainable Water Management in northwest Douglas County" was designed to show
what percentage of return flows would make it back to the stream for downstream users if collected
first. The study was held in an undeveloped area of northwest Douglas County,...show more content...
Even though water is a considered a renewable resource, it is not regenerating itself in the same
amounts all the time. Mathematically, represented as, Q_0>в€†S,S_1<S_0 or in other words a
decrease in the stock and unsustainable rate of extraction. Combining this with the fact water is a
static resource; we want to maximize net benefit today rather than in the future. Colorado is one
of the very last states restricting the harvesting of rain water. The state of Washington has an
incentive program, a 10% fee reduction for any business willing to change their system to adapt to
water harvesting, instead of water through the county. A bill was introduced here in Colorado to
allow for water harvesting on a low scale (55 gallon barrel) last year, which failed. However, the
similar bill has been reintroduced again this year and residents are hopeful it will

Rain Water Harvesting
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Other Information
In the present scenario management and distribution of water has become centralized. People
depend on government system, which has resulted in disruption of community participation in water
management and collapse of traditional water harvesting system.
As the water crisis continues to become severe, there is a dire need of reform in water
management system and revival of traditional systems. Scientific and technological studies needs to
be carried out to assess present status so as to suggest suitable mitigative measures for the revival to
traditional system/wisdom. Revival process should necessarily be backed by people 's...show more
content...
This method is less expensive and very effective and if implemented properly helps in augmenting
the ground water level of the area.
Components of the roof top rainwater harvesting system
The illustrative design of the basic components of roof top rainwater harvesting system is given in
the following typical schematic diagram/
The system mainly constitutes of following sub components:
В§ Catchment
В§ Transportation
В§ First flush
В§ Filter
The surface that receives rainfall directly is the catchment of rainwater harvesting system. It may be
terrace, courtyard, or paved or unpaved open ground. The terrace may be flat RCC/stone roof or
sloping roof. Therefore the catchment is the area, which actually contributes rainwater to the
harvesting system.
Transportation
Rainwater from rooftop should be carried through down take water pipes or drains to storage
/harvesting system. Water pipes should be UV resistant (ISI HDPE/PVC pipes) of required capacity.

Water from sloping roofs could be caught through gutters and down take pipe. At terraces, mouth of
the each drain should have wire mesh to restrict floating material.
First Flush
First flush is a device used to flush off the water received in first shower. The first shower of rains
needs to be flushed–off to avoid contaminating storable/rechargeable water by the probable
contaminants of the atmosphere and the catchment roof. It

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1BACKGROUND
Rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) is a direct collection of water from roofs and other purpose
built catchments. It is also as the collection of sheet runoff from a made–man ground or natural
surface catchments and rock catchments for domestic, industry, agriculture and environmental use
(Abdul Hamid & Nordin, 2011). Normally, RWHS is depended to the size of the roof catchment
area and the available rainfall. RWHS usually have six components. There are the catchment area,
gutter and downspout, a filtration system, a storage system, a delivery system and a treatment
system. According to (M. Martim & W. Watkins, Jr, 2010, pp. 2000
–2009) RWHS is a roof
collection system which has three main...show more content...
The government is trying to promote the application of RWH systems in buildings, houses, mosques
and others. Therefore, the RWH systems are not considered as a new phenomenon.
The RWH systems apply an environmental friendly design. People throughout Malaysia lack enough
knowledge of knowing the benefits RWH systems. Within the support and effort of government in
promoting the application of RWH systems, the numbers of buildings and others using the RWH
systems increased.
The establishment of National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) make people
aware to study how the importance of RWH systems actually. Based on NAHRIM, approximately
RWH systems begun implemented during of drought crisis in 1998 which brought unpleasant water
supply disruptions for Klang Valley folks.
Although, the application is still ongoing, the implementation of RWH systems in building offices
not widely use. This implementation is executed more on green building offices. From these
circumstances, it seems like RWH systems only competence to the green buildings because RWH
systems is non environmental impact and it design for green. Here, we will look how far
differences of efficiency RWH System between green building and non green building on this study.
Besides, RWH systems are described as water and energy efficiency that had further explained in
background. Although, RWH

Essay Rain Water Harvesting

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Essay Rain Water Harvesting