Genetically Modified Organisms Essay

Genetically Modified Organisms Essay
Many people today are often amazed by the amount of nutrition and health information required for humans. The constant stream of genetic
modification of food can be confusing. Genetically modified (GM) foods are plants and animals that have had their genetic makeup artificially altered
by scientists to make them grow faster, taste better, last longer and to provide more nutrients. Scientists make these alternations by transferring genes
from one organism into another in order to change the condition or character of the receiving organism. This process is known as biotechnology or
genetic engineering (GE), and it has revolutionized the way that agriculture is practiced in many parts of the world. Researchers are now able to use GE
...show more content...
Companies and researchers alternate the genetic structure of crops to withstand pesticides, non–GM weeds and insects can gradually develop a
resistance to the chemicals. At this point farmers actually have to increase their use of pesticides. These practice causes weed populations to adapt to
the herbicide and eventually become resistant to it. Once these superweeds emerge farmers must find a new herbicides and more potent products.
People who support GM foods dismiss complaints that they might not be safe to eat. GM foods are likely to be more nutritious and contain smaller
amounts of pesticide residues that foods raised by traditional farming methods. Food poisoning agents such as salmonella are natural and they kill
thousands of people each year. Lots of plants produce powerful toxins to deter pests. With the technology of GM Crops including beans and cassava
(a fruit grown in tropical countries) produce cyanide that can be removed before cooking. This is extremely useful for consumers to eat and for
producers to make.
In the other hand GM critics worry that transgenic crops could harm wildlife and cause lasting damage to fragile food chains. What will happen if
GM farming practices wipe out weedy plants that some bird's species rely on for survival? Or if insects that are important
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Selective Breeding And Gene Therapy Essay
Humans have been able to use the principles of DNA replication, gene transfer and gene expression (as observed in nature) as tools to manipulate
specific genes towards preferred outcomes. An advantage of being able to manipulate genetic therapy is the ability to eliminate/cure genetic disease
/disorders with otherwise no other cure. Humans are able to remove the genes causing the genetic disorder from the gene pool of populations, allowing
organisms to live longer and healthier lives. Two ways of manipulating genetic transfer which will be explored further in this report are selective
breeding and gene therapy.
The human race has been manipulating genetic transfer for over 10 000 years. We have been using the same principle of 'natural selection' (selection
by the environment for the fittest) to develop artificial selection also known as selective breeding (selection by humans for the fittest.).
Selective breeding in animals and plants is still carried out by both commercial and hobby breeders/growers. Selective breeding allows you to be able
to breed/grow the exact animal/plant you want, so they can serve the purpose you want them to. Selective breeding can be used to minimise the
impacts and/or treat genetic disease.
I have chosen to do a case study on cattle about the genetic disorder, Osteopetrosis (marble bone disease). This disease causes overly dense but brittle
bones that shatter easily. If a calf is born with this disease have deformed skulls with receding lower

Argumentative Essay On Genetic Engineering
Imagine if we could make disease a thing of the past and extend the average human lifespan past 100 years. With genetic engineering, someday this
future could become reality. Genetic engineering can cure genetic diseases, and extend and empower human life. However, many people have
overestimated and reacted to ethical and safety concerns associated with this new technology.
Genetic engineering is the modification of an organism's genetic material. This has been done worldwide in genetically modified crops, and to a limited
extent in animals. In human genetic engineering, the modification is done in the embryo, altering the traits the child is born with and will pass on.
Laws have been passed in many countries making this illegal. In the U.S., this is a highly debated and controversial subject, but human genetic
engineering is legal.
The human body is not perfect. Mutations in genes cause genetic diseases, which can be crippling to live with, difficult to diagnose, and even harder
to cure. Babies in particular are vulnerable. According to the Popular Science article, "Infant Possibilities", by Melinda Moyer, genetic diseases are
the leading cause of death in infants. Moyer said that many of these diseases are caused by only a single gene mutation. They are relatively simple
genetically but there are thousands of extremely rare illnesses around the world. Now, new genetic technology is available from a few companies that
can help parents have a healthy baby, if either parent

Traits and Genetics Essay
We have known for centuries that traits are passed from parents to offspring. What has not always been understood is how traits are determined. One
explanation that appealed to scientist for many centuries was that traits of parents were blended, or mixed in offspring. The blending hypothesis
accounted for many observable traits and was widely accepted for many years. However, the idea of blending could not account for the appearance of
unexpected traits in some offspring. It was not until scientist discovered the cellular basis of life that the inheritance of traits was better understood.
The first clues to understanding inheritance came from Gregory Mendel, one of the most outstanding scientists in the...show more content...
What results did Mendel expect? According to the blending hypothesis, the green and yellow, Peas of Mendel's plants in the P generation should have
blended to produce chartreuse off–spring. Instead, Mendel found that all of that F hybrid plants had yellow peas. There were neither green nor
chartreuse peas in the first generation of pea plants, even though one of the parent plants had green peas. When Mendel let the F hybrid plants
self–fertilize, he found out that things are not what they always seem and even if they are then you will need to see me and see me good.
The structure of the pea flower enabled Mendel to isolate an important variable, fertilization. In fertilization, the male plant gamete, located at the
base of the pistil. The relatively closed structure of the pea flower petals makes it very easy for pollen from the anther to fertilize the pistil of the same
flower. This process is called self–fertilization. If a plant or any organism receives the same genetic traits from both of its parents, it is called purebred.
Self–fertilization produces purebred pea plants. As you can see Mendel also altered plants and transferred pollen by hand. By controlling pollination
and preventing self–fertilization, Mendel crossbred plants, producing hybrids. A hybrid is an organism that receives different forms of a genetictrait
from each parent.
Instead, Mendel found that all of that F hybrid plants had yellow peas. There were neither green

Genetic Counselling Essay
Genetic Counselling? What is it? I primarily chose this topic because initially had no idea about genetic counselling, in fact, I did not even know
that there was such a thing. The field of genetic counselling is quickly expanding especially in this new found era of genomic medicine. Genetic
counselling is very pivotal in clinical health care, education as well as for providing emotional support for individuals and families that are facing
the uphill tasks of dealing with genetic and inherited diseases. Genetic counsellors help by providing services to patients as well as to the families
of patients who are at risks of inherited diseases. They assist in genetic testing, counselling diagnosing as well as giving information on how to
prevent and manage diseases. Furthermore, they also offer ethical guidance so as to help patients stay informed about health care as well as
reproductive decisions. This research paper provides a review of genetic counselling and the role it plays in at the front lines of genetic health, the
impact it has on medical research, patient care as well as in education. There used to be a time period when prenatal genetic counselling was primarily
only offered to patients who were categorized as high...show more content...
Motor and sensory dysfunction then takes place later on as it the condition worsens. Some of the symptoms include but are not limited to: memory loss,
disorientation, confusion, language disturbance, and behavioral changes such as agitation, wandering, hallucinations, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and
so on. This disease can be divided into early–onset sporadic and early–onset familial disease, occurring before 65 years of age, and late–onset sporadic
and late–onset familial disease, occurring after 65 years of age. Most cases of the disease are of the late–onset. In fact, early–onset usually takes place
in less than 5% of all

Behavioral Genetics Essay
Is behavior learned? It is inborn? What of aggression, intelligence, and madness? There is a crucial relationship between the behavior of humans
toward their own kind and the view of life they hold. Interest in behavioral genetics depends on wanting to know why people differ. According to Jack
R. Vale, in Genes, Environment, and Behavior, recognition of the importance of hereditary influence on behavior represents one of the most dramatic
changes in the social and behavioral sciences during the past two decades. A shift began toward the more balanced contemporary view that recognizes
genetic as well as environmental influences on behavior. Behavioral genetics lies in its theory and methods, which consider both genetic and...show
more content...
However, genetic hypotheses should also be considered. Research in behavioral genetics is directed toward understanding differences in behavior.
Methods are employed that consider both genetics and environmental influences, rather than assuming that one or the other is solely important.
Behavioral genetics research studies whether individual behavioral differences are influenced by hereditary differences. Then, estimates the relative
influences of genetic and environmental factors. Although genetic and environmental influences interact within an individual, this does not imply that
the separate effects of genes and environment cannot be untangled when we focus on differences among individuals
Controversy arises when nature (inheritance) is combated against nurture (environment). This controversy began with the development of the
behavioristic point of view. "Behaviorism arose as a protest against all form of "introspective psychology," which was concerned with mental states
such as consciousness and will"(Plomin 3). It led to an environmentalism that rejected the possibility of genetics influences on behavior. The burden of
explaining individual differences fell completely to environmental factors. Genetics involve genes, which are chemical structures that control the
production of proteins, thereby indirectly affecting

Genetic And Genomic Nursing Assessment
Genetic Family History Assessment
The purpose of this paper is to complete a Genetic and Genomic Nursing Assessment to analyze family genetic health risks. Genomics is the study of
genes in the human genome and their interactions with each other and the environment and genetics is the study of individual genes and their effect on
clinical disorders (Kaakinen, Coehlo, Steele, Tabacco, & Hanson, 2015). Nurses should be able to perform an assessment of a family 's genetic health
risks by using a three–generation family pedigree to obtain information regarding possible genetic inheritance pattern and recurrence risks. The family
chosen for this paper has a history of chromosome balanced and unbalanced translocation. A balanced translocation is a chromosomal abnormality that
if unbalanced (too much or too little genetic material) can lead to infertility, multiple miscarriages, or a child with congenital abnormalities,
developmental issues, etc. A balanced translocation does not have a straightforward inheritance pattern. It depends on the chromosomes involved, if the
carrier is a male versus female and how much genetic material is involved in the translocation itself.
Family Members, Health and Reproductive History
The first step was assessing a family history is to identify a three generation family pedigree which identified the genetic risk of chromosomal balanced
translocation. Assessing the family health history is the best way to improve medical adherence prior to

Genetic Disorders Essay
Genetic disorders are a topic in biology that can not be avoided. The fact is that genetic disorders can happen in humans, plants or animal. No one
and nothing is safe from a genetic disorder. A genetic disorder can appear in the first years off life, or can appear much later in life when least
expected. A basic principal of biology states that the behavior of chromosomes during the meiosis process can account for geneticinheritance patterns.
There are many reasons for genetic disorders.
To start it is important to understand what a genetic disorder is. It is a mutation in the genetic material of a person. The mutant gene is transmitted thru
birth....show more content...
Common recessive diseases are cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, Tay Sachs.
Alzheimer and Huntington diseases are examples of dominant disorders. Some mutant disorders occur on the X chromosome. Females have little or
no effects if the mutation occurs on the X linked gene. Males on the other hand do not have another X chromosomes so do not have another gene to
fall on. Dominant disorders linked to the X chromosomes are usually very deadly to males. These disorders tend to affect men more then women.
Almost exclusively. Some of the diseases associated with the X are down syndrome, Hemophilia. There are also the diseases that occur on the sex
genes. They also come in recessive and dominant forms. With this it determines who will get the disease. For example a mother can pass on a trait to a
daughter but not to a son and vice versa.
One can not forget that genetic disorders can also occur because of external effects. Things like cigarette smoking and drinking during pregnancy can
affect the babies genetics. Leaving the baby with one of the genetic disorders.
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that usually appears between the ages of 2 and 4 years old. The red blood cells are shaped like crescents or
sickles. The red blood cells only last about 10 to 24 days. In a healthy person they last about 120 days. That is where the anemia part of the name
comes into play. Studies

Genetic Testing Research Paper
What is genetic testing? Genetic testing is a type of medical test that identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins.
There are More than 1,000 genetic tests are currently in use, and more are being developed. What are some of the types of genetic test? Newborn
screening is one type and done is just after birth to identify genetic disorders that can be treated early in life. The test that are done in all states on
newborns are for phenylketonuria, and congenital hypothyroidism and some states do testing for other disorders as well. Another type of test is
diagnostic testing which is used to identify or rule out a specific genetic or chromosomal condition. The third type of testing is carrier testing and it is
used to identify people...show more content...
A pro for having prenatal testing would be that you would know that there is a chance that your baby could have a disorder so you could do
research before the baby is born that way you know as much about the disorder as you can and how to deal with problems the newborn may face in
the fist few weeks of its life. By have preimplantation done you are cutting out the risk of having embryos implanted to find out a little latter that
there is something wrong with the baby. I think that newborn testing is going because the thing they are testing for have long lasting effects on the
child if you don't know they have the disorder for a while. Predictive and presymptomatic testing is also one that I think is good because it can tell
a person if there is a chance that they can get some types of cancer and then that can try to doing things that will lessen there chance of getting
cancer. For example if the test shows they could get lung cancer then maybe they will decide not to smoke where if they how no idea that they had
the gene for lung cancer they may have decide to smoke. There are a lot of pros for forensic testing done it can prove that someone did or didn't
commit the crime and it can also help identify the remands of

Genetic Changes And Cancer Essay
Genetic Changes and Cancer
Cancer is a genetic disease caused by certain changes to genes that control the way our cells function, especially how they grow and divide. Genes
carry the instructions to make proteins, which do much of the work in our cells. Certain gene changes can cause cells to evade normal growth controls
and become cancer. Genetic changes that promote cancer can be inherited from our parents if the changes are present in germ cells, which are the
reproductive cells of the body (eggs and sperm). Such changes, called germline changes, are found in every cell of the offspring. In general, cancer
cells have more genetic changes than normal cells. But each person's cancer has a unique combination of genetic alterations.
Inherited genetic mutations play a major role in about 5 to 10 percent of all cancers.Researchers have associated mutations in specific genes with more
than 50 hereditary cancer syndromes, which are disorders that may predispose individuals to developing certain cancers. Genetic tests can tell whether
a person...show more content...
I think that everybody should do a genetic test at a very early age in order to know what is going on with their genes. Even if a genetic test is positive,
a genetic counselor, doctor, or other health care professional trained in genetics can help an individual or family understand their test results. These
professionals can also help explain the incidental findings that a test may yield, such as a genetic risk factor for a disease that is unrelated to the
reason for administering the test, so they can clarify the implications of test results for other family members. Doing a genetic test is crucial because
on an expanded panel, certain cancer can be entirely reversed with an early intervention like dietary

Human Genetic Engineering Essay
Introduction
What if you could design your child before it was even born? What if you could cut out any life threatening diseases, make sure that your child is not
susceptible to smoking addictions or alcoholism, and then make your child genius? Would you? Are you asking yourself how this could be done? Have
you ever considered human genetic engineering?
What is Human Genetic Engineering?
Lets start by looking at the cell and the source of heritable traits. We know that all organisms are made up by cells and that new cells can only spring
from existing cells. Cell growth depends upon the production of new cells and within each cell exists DNA. DNA contains the hereditary instructions
need for each organism to grow and develop. Every...show more content...
Based on those findings, Wilson performed an experiment on a person suffering from hypercholesterolemia (FH). This certain disease forbids the liver
from processing cholesterol.
The procedure consisted of taking a piece of the persons liver and injecting correct copies of the genes into the flawed liver cells, and placing the
piece of liver back into the person. Two years later, the results showed that the corrected cells were thriving. As a result to the cells, the person had
reduced their cholesterol by twenty percent.
Cystic Fibrosis (CF), is another disease that is taking to genetic therapy. If a corrected gene could somehow enter the cells that line the lungs, it will
then start producing the critical proteins that CF patients need. This has been done, although in small quantities. These results, however, have raised
hopes that sometime in the future, CF may be curable.
The parade of genetically engineered marvels, during the past recent years, has been shocking: "Flavr–Savr" tomatoes that stay fresher longer; "giant
salmon" that grow 37 times faster than the normal fish; "transgenic" pigs that are injected with human genes which causes them to produce milk with
human protein that prevents blood clotting; and "supermice" injected with rat growth genes which makes them grow twice their normal size, are just a
few.

The goal of genetic engineering is to modify genes in helpful ways, but this

Genetic Engineering Babies Essay
They say nobody is perfect, but what if there was a way to change that? To have the control over your unborn baby's traits such as gender,
appearance, intelligence, personality and stop risk of inherited medical diseases before the child is born. In this research report, genetically
engineering babies, the advantages and disadvantages of modifying babies will be explained as well as the impact it has on society.
The positive effects of engineering babies:
There are many advantages of genetically engineering human babies. One of the main positive effects is that it can cure diseases and illnesses before
the babies is even born. This includes diseases such as down syndrome, Alzheimer's which affects your memory and can develop as young as 40 years
old, Huntington's diseases, a 'incurable' diseases that alters the way people think and their behaviour. There is a 50% chance...show more content...
This technology is not 100% safe yet and is banned in 29 countries including New Zealand, Australia, Canada and brazil. By parents being able to
select their child's traits means this could affect the gene pool, having purposely picked blue eyes means the child will pass on those gene to future
generations and the least popular eye colour may become extinct. Genes also usually have more than one use for example according to
worldpress.com a gene that conrorals intelligence could also control anger managment meaning the child could be very smart but also have trouble
manging their anger. Gene therapy is also very expensive costing around $50,000 according to my science teacher but it can veary depending on
where it takes place and what you ask for. This means only the wealthy can afford it and places that aren't so rich will not have engineered babies
and will pass on genetic diseases and not live as long, this could could lead to a decrease in population in poor countries and an increase in rich

Argumentative Essay On Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering is "the ability to change human nature" (Fukuyama 671), to please parents. Genetic engineering is a way to change genes of
children who have a disease or whose parents want them to have a certain appearance. When a person is expecting a child or wanting to have a
child, what if they could choose the gender or characteristics. Francis Fukuyama is a director and professor at Johns Hopkins University. Before the
Iraq War he was known as a neoconservative political party, but now he is a centrist. Before genetic engineering occurred on humans, it started on
plants. Farmers would genetically modify their crops so they could withstand diseases, weather, and to produce more. Whenever winter would come
it would get colder, which causes more plants to die before they are fully grown and produced, or before they are able to produce again. Whenever
plants die it causes farmers to not be able to make money from selling their plants, so they have a hard time feeding their families. Scientist started to
test on plants like on their roots and seeds, so they could last during harsh winters and produce faster. Whenever the scientist figured out how to
genetically engineer plants, the new plants were bought, most likely by farmers, and produce huge amounts of money. Farmers are changing the forms
of plants and modernizing them so they can produce more. Farmers have modernized wild maize/corn because "corn lets their seeds fall to the ground,
where they grow to become the next generation, but modern corn has been bred to hold onto the kernels so their seeds can be eaten. Without human
help, its seeds would not be able to survive until the next planting" (Hodge 2–3). There has also been testing done on animals which include trying to
clone animals. Dolly, a sheep, is the first ever cloned sheep and animal ever. After Dolly, "Molly and Polly were two lambs that were not only cloned,
but that were genetically engineered to produce human blood–clotting proteins" (Humber 4). If parents have the chance to decide what gender their kid
would be, would the parents make the decision? When parents want their kids to look a certain way they will go somewhere and pay the money even
if testing and genetically

Genetic Research Essay
Genomic Discoveries Provide New Leads for Cancer Prevention and Therapy:
Genetic research is the way to improved cancer diagnostics and therapy. The understanding of genetic abnormalities or mutations in normal and cancer
cell is one of the greatest advances in cancer research. Because genetic mutations can cause cells to produce abnormal amounts of certain proteins, that
can disrupt normal cell behavior in a number of ways and ultimately lead to the development of cancer. Large genomic study offer molecular origins of
cancer, and a recent mutational analysis show 5 million mutations from roughly 7,000 cancers (Alexandrov et al., 2013). Researchers identified some
specified factors such as tobacco, ultraviolet light exposure, certain...show more content...
Currently FDA approved several anti–HER2 drugs for therapeutic strategies for HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer, which are trastuzumab,
lapatinib and pertuzumab (Orphanos and Kountourakis, 2012; Nielsendl et al., 2013). Trastuzumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody, induces
receptor downregulation, and prevention of homodimerization in cancer cells (Nahtar et al., 2006), which can be used to treat both early– and
late–stage breast cancer. In early–stage, trastuzumab with neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improves overall survival (OS) 33% and reduces the
risk of recurrence (Nahtar et al., 2006).
In triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is treated with the monoclonal antibody (bevacizumab), which
increase response rate (RR) and PFS of patients with metastatic disease (Miller et al., 2007; Robert et al., 2011). Which binds specifically to the ligand
of VEGF–A, however limited binding affinity for other VEGF receptor ligands such as VEGF–B and VEGF–C (Tyagi et al., 2005). The TNBC
patients treated with anti–VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as sunitinib and sorafenib shown improved survival. Poly (adenosine
disphosphate–ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes play a key role in repair of single–strand DNA breaks through base excision repair. The loss of
PARP activity increase single–strand breaks, this is generally repaired by double–strand homologous recombination

Genetic Disorder Research Paper
Genetics Essay Genetics have affected me by researching mutations, heritability, and genetic disorders. It affected me because I always wanted to learn
about my heritability. Genetic disorders and mutations, I did them because I, myself have a genetic disorder and mutation. I wanted to learn more
about mutations and genetic disorders as much as my heritability. I decided to also research florigene and goldfish because I love flowers and how
they change colors, yet I find glofish amusing and wanted learn more about them. Mutations happen to many organisms. I for one am a mutation. A
mutation is when a gene that is added or detached from the DNA sequence. For example my mutation happened in my eyes one of the genes detached
or stopped...show more content...
Organisms such as dogs, cats, fish, humans, monkeys, etc. Heritability is related to me because I am an organism and a human. This applies to
me because heritability can help me determine how much humans there is out there. If I wanted I could also determine how much of other
species and organisms. Genetic disorders is an inherited medical condition caused by DNA abnormality. Basically when a mutation happens but
this one is worse and the number of chromosomes could be higher or lower. Which may or may not cause a mutation or a genetic disorder. Genetic
disorders or related to me because my disorder is with my eyes. I am legally blind and my eyes cross when I don't wear contact lenses or glasses.
Because of this disorder I can't drive or work at specific places. Florigene is a company that produces flowers that are dyed certain colors.The color
of these flowers is absolutely novel for carnation, and offers the floral industry new ideas and uses. The flowers are not much really related to me but
I do love flowers and love to learn anything about them. I guess when the florigene people due the flower they kill the gene that produces the color it
was and mutate it to be the new color. This is also known as mutations which happens often in humans. Which is what happened to

Personal Statement : My Genetic Inheritance
When thinking about my genetic inheritance, its actually hard to figure out who I really take after in my family. When growing up I had to create
my own environment. To be honest, my personality is all over the place and I know for what reasons. I had to grow up quickly with no guidance just
instinct. I was put into the foster system when I was 5 and was adopted later when I was 8 years old. Every parent or guardian I had just seemed
ignorant and hopeless. I did not want to grow up being like any of them. I have always had my owns plans and goals, because no one has been
there to say,"hey do this!". I have made a lot of right decisions on my own and a lot of wrong ones as well. But for the most part I have been on the
right track by using my common senses. From birth to 5 years or age, when guidance and education really mattered, I did not get that luxury of
having parents. Well lets start with my biological Father George Geils, some of his personal traits include brown hair, brown eyes, tan skin and all
around gentle man. George is one of the most calm and collected individuals still to this day. The year I got to spend with him growing up he taught
me how to be gentle. My Mother Cathy Lynne was in a car accident and passed away in 1999. She had this beautiful strawberry blonde hair, freckles
and hazel eyes. My biological family and siblings do not like to talk about our Mother. But from what I do know, she was not the greatest of people.
Cathy and My Father

Genomics Essay
Genomics
Genomics is the study of the functions of genes and DNA in an organism, including location, structure, sequence, regulation and function. The genome
provides a list of building materials for proteins. (Kerns/McDonald, 2001) Today scientists are striving to identify every gene in human DNA and the
sequences of the chemical base pairs that make up each one. This is no easy task, but within the next few years, the world will acknowledge genomics
as the biggest thing since sliced bread. Scientists intend to store the data in databases, develop new sequencing technologies, and develop tools for data
analysis. Both Celera and the Human Genome Project completed rough drafts of the Genome Project in June...show more content...
(Bird, 2000)
Such therapeutic products will also be invaluable for individuals to identify the types of genes their children will express before they are born. Each
individual's medical record will include the complete genome as well as single base–pair variations that will be able to predict responses to drugs and
environmental substances. (Drell/Adamson, 2001) Through genetic research, doctors will be able to alter the mutation of a bad set of genes, and
cure a diseased embryo before it is born. Since a hereditary disorder is the result of one defective gene, gene therapy will enable scientists to add a
working copy of that gene. This procedure will result in a cure for hereditary diseases such as cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy. (Raven/Johnson,
2002) With the knowledge of one's genome, an individual can alter his lifestyle to reduce the likelihood of developing such hereditary diseases. (Drell
/Adamson, 2001)
Other areas of genetic research for hereditary diseases include cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, neurological disorders, respiratory
disorders, and infectious diseases. Scientists will be able to correct the over–expression of p53 genes, which, if copied too many times, may lead to
cancer. When scientists are able to correct the loss of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, they will stop the spread of cancer. Scientists will gain a deeper
understanding of drug metabolism and the

Genetic Testing Essay
In recent discussions of genetic testing, a controversial issue has been whether genetic testing is effective in helping find cure of some diseases. On the
one hand, some argue that genetic testing helps us detect genetically passed diseases from parents to children. . On the other hand, however, others
argue that genetic testing costs a lot of money is sometimes is not effective in finding diseases. In sum, then, the issue is whether genetic testing is
effective and worth the cost to find a genetically past disease. While some believe that genetic testing costs alot of money and should never be done
unless necessary, genetic testing is beneficial in many ways for detecting genetically pasted diseases from parents to children. Genetic testing...show
more content...
Some genetic tests range from $100 to $1000. Poor families really cannot spend this much money just to see if they carry a genetically passed
diseases. I believe that genetic test are worth every penny because if you get tested earlier and doctors find a genetically passed disease then you can
get treated as soon as possible and you would save a lot of money later on in your life. In the article "The Outrageous Cost of a Gene Test" by David B.
Agus, he implies that DNA tests are very cheap and help identify whether you are a carrier of a disease. "But plenty of other DNA tests are also dirt
cheap in comparison. The test that identifies whether a woman carries one of several strains of human papillomavirus –– strains that would sharply
increase her risk of getting cervical cancer –– generally costs under $100."(Agus). According to Agus some DNA tests are relatively cheap and are
worth every little penny that you pay. Some of the diseases that can be identified in a genetic tests are cancers, heart disease, asthma, and diabetes.
Some rare diseases like hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, and sickle cell anemia can be identified using a genetic test. One can say that genetic tests are
very expensive and are not effective, I still maintain that getting a genetic test down helps identify genetically pasted diseases that run in your family.
The main disease that is identified is cancer. In female it is breast cancer, and in male it is colon cancer. If you get a genetic test down early you can
save a lot of money later in your

The Benefits Of Genetic Testing
Genetic testing can provide types of selected information, such as a sickness, different types of DNA, family heritage, and more. Recently, parents
have been struggling to make the decision of whether it would be better for children to make their own decisions on when they take the tests, or if
they should make the decisions for the kids. Researchers have suggested to let kids make their own decisions because kids may find that they are not
related to their 'family', even adults have a struggle with taking the fact of their child having a disease, and children should not have to go through the
worry of something that isn't healthy. A reason why it is better for kids to make their own choice on when they have theirgenetic testing done is that
...show more content...
On the webpage of www.impact–study.co.uk says that a "positive genetic test can also lead to an increased level of anxiety", and that also the
children would feel guilty that their parents feel it is their fault for having "potentionally passed a gene alteration on to their children." This shows
that not only can children's anxiety could be bad for them, but it shows that the child could already have the anxiety of having a disease and it
being increased when the tests turn out positive. Also, it makes the children feel like they did bad by making the parents feel guilty for something
they could not control. Another piece of textual evidence is stated in the article "Why Should We Think Twice About Giving Genetic Tests to Our
Kids", stating that the decision to be made is already stressful for adults, it is "not one for a girl should have to agonize over throughout her
childhood if she doesn't have to." This shows that the decision is surely already stressful for a parent who has to look after the child, but a young
girl, such as an age of eight through the adult years should have to worry about what they should do for a cure. A last example is shown in the article
"Genetic Testing for Kids: Is It a Good Idea" when it says that children have a hard time when

Genetically Modified Organisms Essay

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