Research on covid 19 effects on youths

1. Assignment
Submitted to: MA’AMSUMERABHANBHRO
NAME: WAQAR MEHMOOD KALHORO
ROLL: 2K19/AA/43
Department of ANTHROPOLOGY&ARCHAEOLOGY
Topic: Effects of COVID-19 on the Psyche of Youth

2. CORONA VIRUS
INTRODUCTION
Corona virus are a large family of virus that typically attack the respiratory system. The name
come from Latin word corona for crown and the ancient Greek word Korone, mean garland or
wreath because of the spiky fringe encircling these virus, most corona virus infect animals such
as bats, cats and birds. Only seven including Covid-19, SARS and MERS are known to infect
human.
COVID 19
A novel covid 19 is a new strain of corona virus. The disease caused by the novel corona virus
first identified in Wuhan, China, has been named corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) The
World Health Organization announced in February 2020 that COVID-19 is the official name of
the disease. World Health Organization chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus explained that CO
stands for corona, VI for virus and D for disease, while 19 is for the year that the outbreak was
first identified; 30 December 2019. The COVID-19 virus is a new virus linked to the same
family of viruses as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and some types of common
cold. The new virus, officially known as Covid-19, is also more dangerous than the common
cold. So far, around 15 to 20 per cent of hospital cases have been classed as "severe" and the
current death rate varies between 0.7 per cent and 3.4 per cent depending on the location and,
crucially, access to good hospital care.

3. Symptoms of COVID-19
Symptoms can include fever, cough and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, infection can
cause pneumonia or breathing difficulties. More rarely, Some patients may have "aches and
pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat or diarrhoea", . "These symptoms are usually
mild and begin gradually. Some people become infected but don’t develop any symptoms and
don't feel unwell". Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like high blood
pressure, heart problems, lung complaints or diabetes are more likely to develop serious illness.
Symptoms are thought to appear between two and 10 days after contracting the virus, but it may
be up to 24 days.

4. COVID-19 virus spread
The virus spreads in a similar way to flu or the common cold, the new virus is spread via
sneezes. The droplets land on surface and picked up on the hand of other and spread further
people catch the virus when they touch their infected hand to their mouth, noise and eyes. The
virus spread those people who are underling health condit!ional or a weakness immunes system
Children are a major vector for the spread of droplet-based viruses because they interact
physically so much with each other and are not the best at keeping themselves clean.
Reviews from E-newspapers and internet websites onCovid-19
Since December 2019 the global health community has been watching the Covid-19 outbreak
unfold with disbelief. In January, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel
corona virus as a global public health emergency. On March 11, WHO did something it has not
done in more than a decade: it declared Covid-19 a global pandemic.
Around the world, the medical community remains filled with uncertainty and quite a bit of
dread.
 Dec/2019-Wahan’’ a huge un usual case of pneumonia admitted in Wuhan hospital.
 13/01/2020 first case outside china was found in Thailand.
 20/01/2020 first case found in US.
 24/01/2020 first case found in Europe.
 30/01/2020-COVID was so named SARS-CV2 and originated from bat and WHO
declared a public health emergency outbreak of this virus.
 2/2/2020 first death in outside china was Philippine.
 15/2/2020 first death in Europe was in France.
 19/2/2020 Covid-19 outbreak in IRAN.
 11/3/2020 Covid-19 declared a global pandemic.

5.  Italy was a large death cases than china.
 26/3/2020 numbers of cases globally 500,000.
 29/3/2020 US was the highest numbers of cases followed by Italy and Spain.
 2/4/2020 number of cases Globally 1,000,000 and cases continue.
As

6. Covid-19 spreads exponentially across the globe, so has panic and misinformation about
the virus. But the worst is yet to come. By June this year, more than 20 million could be
impacted by the virus in Pakistan alone. Pakistan is about to get overwhelmed, unless the
federal government takes swift action and average citizens start playing their part.
Pakistan tested its first corona virus-positive case on February 26th – a young man who returned
from Iran after pilgrimage. The number of cases has increased to 8,349 as of 19th April 2020 with
168 deaths, which is approximately 2 % of those who has tested positive.
As of April 19th, a total of 98,522 tests have been conducted so far, which is suggesting two very
disturbing trends: That the testing capacity of the government in a country with over 200 million
people is very low. Also, if the current trends of 10 % are testing positive continues in the
world’s fifth most populous country, the number of COVID-19-infected cases would soon run in
thousands, if not millions.

7. The government projection suggests that the COVID-19 cases will reach 15,000 by April 25th,
and 50,000 by May 25th, a month later. The general perception is that the virus is widespread in
the country that already is a hotspot of various diseases and infections. It is just a matter of
increasing the testing capacity.
The Pakistani government has geared up all its resources and established platforms on the
highest level, such as the National Coordination Committee (NCC) on COVID-19, chaired by
the prime minister. A National Command and Control Centre (NCCC) has also been put in place,
which meets on a daily basis, but the country’s fragile health system is yet to be tested in the
coming days. A government report submitted to the Supreme Court of Pakistan on 17th April
reflects the country’s very limited capacity in terms of testing, hospital beds, ventilators, medical
equipment and even personal protective equipment (PPEs) required for medical staff, let alone
for the general population.
Like many other countries in the world, Pakistan also resorted to a countrywide lockdown on
March 23rd, which has now been extended to April 28th. While medical experts predict that
Pakistan is headed to an unprecedented health crisis, the consequences of the lockdown and the
declining business activities have already started to surface in shape of an economic crisis.
Around 40 % of Pakistan’s population was already living below the poverty line before it was hit
by the COVID-19. The poor population also includes informal workers, who make up 73 % of
the country’s 65 million labour force. These undocumented, informal workers have been hit hard
by the lockdown, as they depend on daily wages or piece rate earnings - paid when the work is
done. They have lost jobs and earnings and have little to eat.

8. Some Interviews from Youth
As we were have an assignment from English teacher to research and take
interviews from youth to observe the changes in their psyche due to covid-19 so
here is something in there own words.
A. Some days I’m okay, I’m doing my best to adjust but yesterday, couldn’t
stop over thinking this all just seem so unfair I feel so angry that this is
happening to us. I’m struggling to care for myself and try to work from
home at the same time and I’m worried about any my parents health I watch
the news and it just seem so hopeless I don’tknow how to keep it together.
B. I feel so lost and sad so much has changed I used to have dinner every week
with my family but now I can’t be in the same room with them. I really miss
them.
C. I’m missing out on my graduation. I’ve literally been looking forward to
these things my whole life and I’m heartbroken. Whatever going on now I
just can’t stop my thoughts and physically my cheats’ heart and I can’t
breathe. I get nervous thinking about what could happen to my family and
friends.
D. Before this happened I used to worry all the time about getting sick, Now
that worry has turned into absolute terror, my heart races every time I have
to go to the store. I can’t stop washing my hands. No matter how exhausted
I’m. my sleep still terrible, I just picturing all things that could possibly
happen, will I ever get a good night sleep again? I’ve been through so much
already I don’tknow how I’m goanna deal with things too.
COVID-19 social isolation measures have had a profound impact on the
psychological and mental well-being of individuals across society. Many of the
anticipated consequences ofisolation measures are themselves key risk factors for
mental health issues including suicide, self-harm, substance misuse, and domestic
and child abuse. Social interaction has been widely interlinked with psychological
well-being, social opportunities and employment; thereby restrictions of these
measures are suggested to be profoundly distressing to those experiencing strict
isolation. the first thing which I have observed that is the moral behavior yes due to
lockdown they spend their whole days at home and all family members are
altogether most to time. They had time to get to know understand each one. They
realize how difficult it was to run a household, and how difficult it was for their
parents to do it. They do respect and care more there older family members
because they dare of loss them.

9. The most to common thing which is observed in almost every age personis that
daily routine is very much disturbed untimely sleep makes lazy the implementation
of a nationwide lockdown disrupts the day-to-day lives of the general person.
Students are more mentally disturbed with their education many of them haven’t
any internet access or environment to attend their online class so they get a lot of
mental pressure from their institutes to attend class and try to give exams.
Lockdown days are the so bad days ahead for daily wage earners. The covid-19 has
robbed the daily wage workers of their earnings. Delivery boys, contractworkers
and daily wage earners are either out of jobs or have seen a drastic drop in their
earnings. Fordaily wage earners, a significant number of them migrants the
lockdown has come as a major disaster- at short notice, without giving them any
clue to prepare for the consequences. With social distancing rules in place and strip
clubs and brothels closed, sex workers around the world have seen their incomes
disappear almost overnight as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. Fearing for
their livelihoods, as well as their health, some are offering services online to keep
their business going, while others are turning to charities for help. According to
local brothels owner there are +50 worker works at there, the brothel has been
closed since March, and all are very much depressed for their health about their in
income how to manage the financial changes.

10. Conclusion
Covid 19 means: CO = corona VI= virus D= disease 2019.
Covid 19 contains name of the virus disease and on what year it has originated in world that is
2019.
Covid 19 believed to be originated in the wet markets where wildlife animals is being traded
(sold ) for eating purpose in Wuhan city in China (state or province is Hubei). It's also believed
that it transferred from bats to pangolin animal then to humans. It's a animal to human
transmission. Now it became a contingent and transferring from human to human through human
droplets.
The main symptoms of covid19 are fever, cough, and cold. Although many scientists are
working for inventing vaccine to this disease. As it has spread whole world nearly 200 countries
in this world. Many people are working to discover vaccine for this but as of now only medicine
is to stay in Home to be stay safe, covering mouth and nose , washing hands frequently before
touching your face (mainly nose, eyes, mouth). It can be transferred from all ages from children
to old age no one can be spared.
Most affected countries as of 12 April 2020 are China, Italy, USA, and Spain. India because of
early measures like breaking the chain formula through lockdown and stopping public gatherings
it was able to control to a large extent. But community transmission also started in India because
of super spreaders.
Covid 19 is a pandemic for the whole world. These types of virus has made whole world to come
together to survive humans themselves. It made to show unity and helping nature, humanism to
whole world that human beings are one and get together if anything that damages the existence
of humans by other creatures. Yes, modernisms, scientific, technology all are there but when
nature takes revenge these are nothing it's a remainder for human.
Here question arise that when virus will end. The most similar pandemic in modern times was
the 1918 H1N1 Pandemic Influenza. It starter in 1916 and 1917 as minor local outbreaks in
southern China. It moved to Europe with Chinese laborers who were brought in to dig trenches
during World War I. It rapidly spread globally with the massive movements of people that were
associated with the war. Military camps and schools tended to be massive hotspots of infection.
The flu remained for four more years, 1918 - 1921, and apparently mutated into a more virulent
for, during this period. It went around the world, with significant seasonality, in 22 detectable
waves.
It killed a likely 130 million people worldwide and around 1.2 million in the US alone, based on
modern examination of “excess deaths.”

11. COVID-19 is similar in infectiousness to the “Spanish Flu” but has significantly less seasonality.
It has mutated once already into a more virulent strain. (The one in China was less severe than
the strain that emerged in Europe.)
In 1916, scientists did not even know what a virus was. Some thought it was just another form of
bacterial pneumonia, others thought it was a very tiny bacteria, and still others thought it was a
toxic chemical. They also did not know how to treat it. Physicians and hospitals had never seen a
disease there a person went to bed feeling well, arose with flu symptoms and was dead by
nightfall. They had little time to learn about it or to try different treatments. Both hydration and
mechanical respiratory support were virtually unknown at the time.
The 1918 Flu ended, not when herd immunity was achieved, but when another strain of the
influenza (H1N5) become dominant. A significant number of people had immunity to that strain
and it literally shouldered the H1N1 virus out of the biome.
Based on all we know about viruses and vaccines, a vaccine is likely not forthcoming for some
time, likely years. The highly touted Oxford and Moderna vaccines are highly unlikely as
examples. The Oxford vaccine candidate appears to provide only some protection for the lungs
of monkeys, but does not eliminate the virus or its infectiousness. The Moderna vaccine is a
totally new approach to vaccines (mRNA) based on a completely new concept. While intensively
hyped in the media, just after the last undocumented announcement of “progress” Moderna
executives dumped $30 million in Moderna stock. This is not something you do when you have a
blockbuster vaccine forthcoming. Remember all those cancer cures that have never come to
pass? That is where we are with a vaccine today —- all hype and few results.
Some points for consideration —- the average time to develop a new vaccine is 10.1 years. There
are around 2,000 different known viruses in a human body at any given time. Over 200 of them
are known to harm humans. We only have safe and effective vaccines for around ten, so-so
vaccines for another five, and barely adequate vaccines for another dozen or so. That is a dismal
record when you consider that the world has been working on vaccines since the 1500’s. We
have been searching for a SARS-CoV vaccine since 2002 and a MERS-CoV vaccine since 2010
and have not found either or even a likely candidate vaccine.
At this point it looks like COVID-19 will be around for years. This will require massive planning
to both allow for economic viability and protection of people, especially the most vulnerable
among us. So far, none of this planning is being undertaken. None! Instead we are focusing
entirely on the long-shot possibility of a vaccine and on rushed re-opening of the economy with
no regard for the cost in human lives.
It is not a pretty picture. Most of them are facing mental health issues during this pandemic.
Fear, stress are normal when we are faced to with uncertainty or unknown.
So it is understandable that people are experiencing fear during this covid pandemic.
Countries all over the world are taking the strict measures, to slow down the spread of the virus
and to prevent transmission of the disease government has put lockdown, this lead to restriction
of physical movement. And this restriction may ranges from no gathering in public places to
stepping out of the house except for daily essentials.

12. Same like a coin has two sides; this also has two sides.
Talking about Positive side; we are spending quality time with our family and having good
communications with them during this lockdown, and of negative side constant viewing of the
walls around us and being in the same place for a quite long time made people feel like they are
living in a cage.
These Public health actions taken by government, such as social distancing, can make people feel
isolated and lonely and can increase stress and anxiety.
And also people are facing issues such as changes in daily lives, few losing job leading to
financial crisis or fear of getting corona or already having it or they were being ostracized by
their families and neighbors for having COVID-19 when they didn’t have it, all of which
affected the mental well-being of many.