Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Most people who fall sick with COVID-19 will experience mild to moderate symptoms and recover without special treatment.

1. ORIGIN AND
IMPACT OF
COVID 19 IN
INDIA

2. Coronavirus (Overview)
 Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness
ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV).
 Coronaviruses are zoonotic, meaning they are transmitted between
animals and people.
 Detailed investigations found that
SARS-CoV was transmitted from civet cats to humans and MERS-CoV
from dromedary camels to humans.
 Several known coronaviruses are circulating in animals that have not
yet infected humans.
 A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been
previously identified in humans.

3. CORONAVIRUS
-AT A GLANCE
CORONA
A family of viruses affecting Respiratory Tract
Causing Disease from common cold to Pneumonia.
Usually lives in bats & other wiled animals.
Transmitted to humans directly, or via other animals.
Can also transmit between humans via respiratory
droplets,

4. STRUCTURE OF CORONAVIRUS
Spike
Glycoprotein
Envelope Small
Membrane Protein
RNA
Hemagglutinin
Esterase
Membrane
Protein

5. Novel coronavirus
 A novel coronavirus (CoV) (COVID 19) is a new
strain of coronavirus that has not been
previously identified in humans.
 The new, or “novel” coronavirus, now called
2019-nCoV, had not previously been detected
before the outbreak was reported in Wuhan,
China in December 2019.
Other names •Coronavirus
•COVID
•2019-nCoV acute
respiratory disease
•Novel coronavirus
pneumonia

6. Background
 A pneumonia of unknown cause detected in Wuhan, China
was first reported to the WHO Country Office in China on
31 December 2019.
 The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of
International Concern on 30 January 2020.
 On 11 February 2020, WHO announced a name for the new
coronavirus disease: COVID-19.
 On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO)
confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a
respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City,
Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on
31 December 2019.
 The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower
than SARS of 2003, but the transmission has been
significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.
Confirmed 84,347
Recovered 77,578
Deaths 4,643

7. Novel coronavirus( COVID 19)
(ORIGIN)
 The disease was first identified in December 2019
in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province.
 And has since spread globally, resulting in the
ongoing 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic.
 As of 27 April 2020, more than 2.97 million
cases have been reported across 185 countries and
territories, resulting in more than 206,000 deaths.
More than 865,000 people have recovered.

8.  Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is now officially a global pandemic.
 With over 118,000 coronavirus cases sweeping across 114 countries of the world, the
World Health Organization has declared it a pandemic.

9. CORONA VIRUS (COVID-19)
A JOURNEY
DEC 31
China alerts
WHO to several
pneumonia
cases
Jan 13
WHO reports
case in Thailand,
the first outside
Chania
Jan 11
China
announces first
death from
corona virus
Jan 7
France confirms
Europe's first
corona virus
case
Jan 30
China alerts
WHO to several
pneumonia
cases
Feb 2
First death outside
china recorded in
the Philippines
Feb 7
Chinese doctor
& whistle
blower Li
Wenliang dies
Feb 14
Egypt confirms
Africa’s first
case
Feb 11
WHO names
virus COVID-19

10. Novel coronavirus( COVID 19)
IN INDIA
 India’s response was initiated on 8th January, much before WHO
declared COVID-19 as a public health emergency on 30th Jan, 2020.
 States were directed for health sector preparedness on 17th Jan,
2020. Same day, point of entry surveillance was also initiated.
 Various measures have been taken by the Central Ministries along
with States/UTs in terms of
• strengthened community surveillance,
• quarantine facilities,
• isolation wards,
• adequate PPEs,
• trained manpower,
• rapid response teams for management of COVID-19.
 Screening at airports was started on 17th January at 3 airports
(Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata) which was extended to 4 more airports
(Chennai, Cochin, Bengaluru, Hyderabad) on 21st Jan, 2020 and
subsequently extended to 30 airports.

11. Novel coronavirus (COVID 19)
IN INDIA
 The Government of India confirmed that India's first case
of Coronavirus disease 2019 on 30 January 2020 in the state
of Kerala, when a university student from Wuhan travelled back to
the state.
 As the number of confirmed COVID-19 positive cases closed 500,
PM Modi on 19 March, asked all citizens to observe 'Janata Curfew'
(people's curfew) on Sunday, 22 March.
 At the end of the curfew, Modi stated: "Janata Curfew is just the
beginning of a long battle against COVID-19".
 Following this, while addressing the nation second time on 24
March, he announced the nationwide lockdown from midnight of
that day, for a period of 21 days.
 He said that the only solution to control the spread of coronavirus
was to break the cycle of transmission through social distancing.
 He also added that the lockdown would be enforced more strictly
than the Janata Curfew.

12. What are the symptoms of COVID-19
 The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are;
fever,
tiredness
dry cough.
 Some patients may have aches and pains, nasal congestion,
runny nose, sore throat or diarrhea.
These symptoms are usually mild and begin gradually. Some
people become infected but don’t develop any symptoms and
don't feel unwell.
 Most people (about 80%) recover from the disease without
needing special treatment. Around 1 out of every 6 people
who gets COVID-19 becomes seriously ill and develops
difficulty in breathing.

13. SYMPTOMS
Shortness
of breath
High
Fever
Vomiting
(In Some Case)
Diarrhea
(In Some Case)
Coughing
Pneumonia

14. What are the symptoms of COVID-19
 Older people, and those with underlying medical problems
like high blood pressure, heart problems or diabetes, are more
likely to develop serious illness. People with fever, cough and
difficulty breathing should seek medical attention.
 As with other respiratory illnesses, infection with 2019-
nCoV can cause mild symptoms including a runny nose,
sore throat, cough, and fever.
 It can be more severe for some persons and can lead to
pneumonia or breathing difficulties.
 More rarely, the disease can be fatal. Older people, and
people with pre-existing medical conditions (such as,
diabetes and heart disease) appear to be more vulnerable to
becoming severely ill with the virus.

15. TRANSMISSION
Non-human to human
transmission:
 The route of transmission from
animals to humans is not fully
understood, but dromedary
camels are the major reservoir
host for MERS-CoV and an
animal source of infection in
humans.
Human-to-human transmission:
 The virus does not pass easily from
person to person unless there is close
contact, such as providing unprotected
care to an infected patient.
 There have been clusters of cases in
healthcare facilities, where human-to-
human transmission appears to have
occurred, especially when infection
prevention and control practices are
inadequate or inappropriate.
 Human to human transmission has been
limited to date, and has been identified
among family members, patients, and
health care workers. While the majority
of MERS cases have occurred in health
care settings, thus far, no sustained
human to human transmission has been
documented anywhere in the world.

17. TRAVELADVICE
TRAVEL ADVICE
Avoid travelling to affected areas unless necessary.
Make sure you have all necessary
vaccination and travel medication.
If you become sick while travelling seek
medical care immediately
Seek advice from your healthcare provider
Don’t travel if you have fever and cough

18. HOW IT
SPREADS
 The virus that causes COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through droplets
generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or exhales.
 These droplets are too heavy to hang in the air, and quickly fall on floors
or surfaces.
 You can be infected by breathing in the virus if you are within close
proximity of someone who has COVID-19, or by touching a contaminated
surface and then your eyes, nose or mouth.

19. PREVENTION
To prevent the spread of COVID-19:
• Clean your hands often. Use soap and water, or an alcohol-
based hand rub.
• Maintain a safe distance from anyone who is coughing or
sneezing.
• Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth.
• Cover your nose and mouth with your bent elbow or a
tissue when you cough or sneeze.
• Stay home if you feel unwell.
• If you have a fever, a cough, and difficulty breathing, seek
medical attention. Call in advance.
• Follow the directions of your local health authority.
Avoiding unneeded visits to medical facilities allows
healthcare systems to operate more effectively, therefore
protecting you and others.

20. TREATMENT
Till date, there are no specific vaccines or medicines for COVID-
19. World Health Organization
Self-care
 If you feel sick you should rest, drink plenty of fluid, and eat
nutritious food. Stay in a separate room from other family members
and use a dedicated bathroom if possible. Clean and disinfect
frequently touched surfaces.
 Everyone should keep a healthy lifestyle at home. Maintain a
healthy diet, sleep, stay active, and make social contact with loved
ones through the phone or internet. Children need extra love and
attention from adults during difficult times. Keep to regular routines
and schedules as much as possible.
 It is normal to feel sad, stressed, or confused during a crisis. Talking
to people you trust, such as friends and family, can help. If you feel
overwhelmed, talk to a health worker or counsellor.

21. How can the spread of COVID-19 be slowed down or prevented?
As with other respiratory infections like the flu or the common cold, public health measures are critical to
slow the spread of illnesses. Public health measures are everyday preventive actions that include:
✓ staying home when sick;
✓ covering mouth and nose with flexed elbow or tissue when coughing or sneezing. Dispose of used
tissue immediately;
✓ washing hands often with soap and water; and
✓ cleaning frequently touched surfaces and objects.
As we learn more about COVID-19 public health officials may recommend additional actions.

22. LOCKDOWN IN INDIA
 On 22 March, the Government of India decided to completely lockdown
82 districts in 22 states and Union Territories of country where confirmed
cases have been reported till 31 March.
 On 23 March, union and state governments announced the lockdown of
75 districts where cases were reported.
 On 24 March, PM Narendra Modi announced a complete nationwide
lockdown, starting from midnight for 21 days.
 On 14 April, PM Narendra Modi extended the nationwide lockdown till 3
May, with a conditional relaxation from 20 April for the areas that have
been able to contain the spread.
 On 1 May, the Government of India extended nationwide lockdown
further by two weeks until 17 May.
 On 17 May, NDMA extended the lockdown till 31 May in all Indian
states.
ZONAL CLASSIFICATION
The Government Divided the entire nation into three zones
– Green Zone, Red Zone, Orange Zone, relaxation will be
allowed accordingly.
•Red zone (Hotspots) – districts with high doubling rate
and high number of active cases
•Orange zone (Non-hotspots) – districts with fewer cases
•Green zone – districts without confirmed cases or without
new cases in last 21 days

23. Aarogya Setu
The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology launched a
smart phone application called Aarogya Setu to help in "contact tracing
and containing the spread" of COVID-19 pandemic in the nation.
SOME KEY POINTS
 Aarogya Setu Mobile App is developed by the Ministry of Electronics
and IT.
 It enables people to assess themselves the risk of their catching the
Corona Virus infection.
 It will calculate this based on their interaction with others, using
cutting edge Bluetooth technology, algorithms and artificial
intelligence.
 All the citizens are urged to download the mobile application.
 This is designed to keep a user informed, in case she/he cross paths
with someone who has tested positive.
 It is available in 11 languages-10 Indian languages and English.

24. IMPACT OF COVID 19 ON DIFFERENT
MEASURES
Commercial establishments
Education
Economy
Entertainment
Events
Historical buildings
Religion
Sports
Transport
Unemployment

25. IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE ENVIRONMENT
 The worldwide disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in numerous impacts on the environment and the climate.
 The severe decline in planned travel has caused many regions to experience a drop in air pollution.
Air quality
 Due to the coronavirus outbreak's impact on travel and industry, many regions and the planet as a
whole experienced a drop in air pollution.
 Reducing air pollution can reduce both climate change and COVID-19 risks but it is not yet clear
which types of air pollution (if any) are common risks to both climate change and COVID-19.
 The Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air reported that methods to contain the spread of
coronavirus, such as quarantines and travel bans, resulted in a 25 per cent reduction of carbon
emission in China.
Water quality
 Of 36 monitoring units placed in the Ganga, water quality at 27 points was found
suitable for bathing and propagation of wildlife and fisheries in the lockdown period.

26. Deforestation and
reforestation
 The disruption from the pandemic provided cover for illegal deforestation operations.
This was observed in Brazil, where satellite imagery showed deforestation of the
Amazon rainforest surging by over 50 percent compared to baseline levels.
Litter
 As a consequence of the unprecedented use of disposable face masks, a
significant number of masks were discarded in the natural environment,
adding to the worldwide burden of plastic waste
Wildlife
 Demand for fish and fish prices have both decreased due to the pandemic,[32] and fishing fleets around the world sit
mostly idle.
 German scientist Rainer Froese has said the fish biomass will increase due to the sharp decline in fishing, and
projected that in European waters, some fish such as herring could double their biomass. As of April 2020, signs of
aquatic recovery remain mostly anecdotal.
 As people stayed at home due to lockdown and travel restrictions, some animals have been spotted in cities. Sea
turtles were spotted laying eggs on beaches they once avoided (such as the coast of the Bay of Bengal), due to the
lowered levels of human interference and light pollution.

27. REFERENCES
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus
 https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India
 https://vikaspedia.in/e-governance/mobile-governance/aarogya-setu
 https://surveysparrow.com/blog/positive-impacts-to-look-forward-to-post-covid-19-pandemic/
 https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/the-deadly-link-between-covid-19-and-air-pollution/