2. SENSOR
• The term sensor is defined as a device which
receives signals and responds to a signal.
• A sensor is a converter that measures a physical
quantity and converts it into a physical quantity
and converts it into a signal which can be read by a
observer or an instrument.
3. MOTION SENSORS
• The term ‘ Motion Sensors ‘ can be used to refer to
any kind of sensing system which is used to detect
motion of any object.
• Motion sensors are also called as motion detectors.
• Motion sensors are commonly used in security
systems as triggers for automatic lights or remote
alarms.
4. TYPES OF MOTION SENSORS
• The way in which a motion sensor works typically
depends on the type of sensor being used, which
often depends on the device that uses the sensor.
• There are two basic types of motion sensors:
1. Active Sensors
2. Passive Sensors
5. ACTIVE SENSORS
• Active sensors emit a signal, typically an burst of
waves which is reflected by surroundings.
• The reflected signal is received by the sensor and
takes the necessary action.
• When something moves within the area of an active
motion sensor, the change in signal that is reflected
to the sensor activates the system.
6. • The active sensor is one of the most
common and reliable sensors used in a
security system.
• For an example, when an automatic
faucet hands underneath it, a device is
signalled to run the water in the sink.
7. PASSIVE SENSOR
• Passive sensors are a type of
motion sensor that do not emit a
signal, but instead detect infrared
radiation around the sensor.
• As this sensor detects
temperature differences, it is well
suited to detecting the motion of
people by their body
temperature.
8. • When a person or animal moves
through the area, heat from the
movement is detected by the
sensor, which then activates the
system to which it is connected.
• Use as a human detection sensor
to automatically turn on when a
person is present in a room and
to turn them off when no body is
there.
9. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Motion Sensing is used in number of applications
• Automated lighting system
• Security systems
• Smart floodlights
• Burglar alarm
• Radar guns
10. ADVANTAGES OF MOTION SENSOR
• Saves time
• Security
• Easy to install
• Saves energy
• Powerful transmission
11. MOTION DETECTION
Motion detection is the process of detecting a change in position of an object
relative to its surroundings or the change in the surroundings relative to an object.
Motion can be detected by:
• Infrared (Passive and active sensors)
• Optics (Video and camera systems)
• Radio Frequency Energy (radar)
• Sound (microphones)
• Vibration (seismic sensors)
12. TYPES OF MOTION SENSING
• Local motion sensing
• Ultrasonic motion sensing
• Microwave motion sensing
13. LOCAL MOTION SENSOR
• Infrared light is a spectrum of non-visible for humans at least light that is
emitted by objects when they produce heat.
• Infrared motion sensor systems are one of the cheapest and most reliable
systems available.
• An infrared motion detector uses infrared sensing to detect motion in a
given area.
• The use of infrared technology usually allows such a detector to only pick
up on heat.
14. • The use of infrared technology usually allows such a detector to only pick
up on heat.
• Infrared sensors are characterized by high sensitivity, low cost and are
widely used.
• An infrared motion detector can also be set to only pick up on certain
levels of heat, making it possible to ignore small animals.
• This type of detector is often used as part of a larger security system.
15. ULTRASONIC MOTION SENSING
• Ultrasonic motion detectors use sound waves to detect motion . If
moment is detected, the sound wave pattern is disrupted and alarm is
signalled.
• It senses motion by analyzing the sound waves in its
environment.
• These frequencies are generally inaudible to humans and
most animals and do not pass through most objects.
16. • Active motion sensors generate sound waves in the ultrasonic frequency
range, typically around 30 to 50 KHz
• When no objects are moving in the area, the pattern of sound and the
time it takes to bounce back remain the same.
• If something moves, the detector senses that the level or the level phase
of the returning sound waves has shifted slightly.
17. MICROWAVE MOTION SENSING
• Microwave motion sensor systems send out microwaves that bounce off
an object and back to the sensor.
• The sensor then reads the frequency of the returning
waves.
• If an object is moving, the sensor receives different
microwaves than the ones it sent out, signifying
movement and setting off the alarm.
18. • These types of motion sensor systems cover a larger area than infrared
sensors, they are capable of penetrating walls.
• They are more reliable over longer distances.
• Their radiation is unhealthy for living organisms.
• Despite this, they are the least popular motion sensor system on the
market because of their cost.
19. DUAL SENSE TECHNOLOGY
• Dual technology systems use a combination of infrared and microwave
motion sensor systems to provide the most complete coverage available.
• Using both forms of technology allows dual motion sensor systems to
reduce the occurrence of false alarms by combining the microwave
technology’s coverage range and the infrared technology’s use of heat
sensing.
• The dual technology system is rapidly gaining popularity among
homeowners and businesses alike
20. CELL PHONES WITH MOTION SENSORS
• The motion sensor used in mobile phones
is accelerometer which is a complex motion sensor.
• It translates motion into action on the screen.
• Accelerometers are used in tablet computers and
digital cameras so that images on screens are
always displayed upright.
21. MOTION SENSING IN GAMES
• Motion sensing technology is an
emerging technology in Gaming.
• Our focus technology will be
Microsoft’s Xbox360 Kinect peripheral,
which is the first demonstrator of
touch free motion sensing.
• The primary innovation of Kinect
(and the most secretive) is the device that enables advanced posture, gesture, facial,
and voice recognition.
22. KINECT
The Kinect is composed of three major hardware components:
• Webcam
• An Infrared projector and sensor
• Microphone
23. CHALLENGES FACED
• Limited Camera And Sensor Capability
• Better Audio Sensing Capability
• Limited Body Recognition
24. CONCLUSION
• Motion sensing, though important in gaming, will ultimately make its
biggest impact in non-gaming applications
