1. • From the Greek pharmakon (drug), legos (to speak)
• Pharmacology studies the effects of drugs and how they
exert their effects.
• acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) can reduce inflammation, pain
and fever
inhibit the action of a human cell membrane enzyme
known as cyclooxygenase, which is responsible for the
synthesis of a number of inflammatory mediators
• penicillin cures certain bacterial infections
disrupt the synthesis of cell walls in susceptible bacterial
strains by inhibiting a key enzyme
Pharmacology
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. Two important and interrelated areas:
Pharmacokinetics: study of the absorption, distribution,
metabolism and excretion of drugs.
(what the Body does to drug)
Pharmacodynamics: study of the molecular, biochemical,
and physiology effects of drugs on cellular systems and
their mechanisms of action.
(what the drug does to body)
Pharmacology: defns
9. Neuropharmacology: study of the effect of drugs on
components of the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, nerves)
Cardiovascular Pharmacology: study of the
effects of drugs on heart, vasculature, kidney,
nervous and endocrine systems that participate in
cardiovascular function.
Example: treatment of Alzheimer's
Example: treatment of high blood pressure
(hypertension)
10. Molecular Pharmacology: study of the biochemical and
biophysical characteristics of interactions between
drug molecules and those of the cell
Example: Drug-Receptor Interaction
Biochemical Pharmacology: study of how drugs act with
and influence the chemical ‘machinery’ of the organism
Example: signal transduction through G proteins
11. Behavioral Pharmacology: study of the effects of drugs on
behavior
Example: treatment of Attention Deficit Disorders
Endocrine Pharmacology: study of drugs that are
hormones or hormone derivatives
Example: creation of The Pill
12. Clinical Pharmacology: application of pharmacodynamics
and pharmacokinetics to patients with disease.
Example: use of pharmacogenomics to tailor individual
medical treatment
Chemotherapy: study of drugs used for treatment of
microbial/viral infection and malignancies
Example: treatment of cancer through anti-angiogenic
agents such as bevacizumab.
ANTIBODY THERAPY
13. • Drug- a drug is "a chemical substance used in the
treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used
to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-being.“
• Pharmacotherapeutics - use of drugs to treat disorders;
the emphasis is on clinical management
• Pharmacoepidemiology - study of the effect of drugs on
populations;
• Pharmacoeconomics - study of the cost-effectiveness of
drug treatments; the cost of medications is of worldwide
concern, particularly among certain groups such as the
elderly and AIDS patients
14. • Pharmacokinetics
– study the fate of drugs once ingested and the variability of
drug response in varying patient populations
– how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and
excretes drugs
