3. SATELLITES
A satellite is an object that orbits another object.
In space, satellites may be made by man, or
they may be natural. The moon is a natural
satellite that orbits the Earth. Most man-made
satellites also orbit the Earth, but some orbit
other planets, such as Saturn, Venus or Mars,
or the moon.
7. ARYABHATTA
Aryabhata was India's first satellite, named after an
Indian astronomer of the same name.
It was launched by the Soviet Union on 19 April
1975 from Kapustin Yar using a Kosmos-3M launch
vehicle. It was built by the Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO) to gain experience in building and
operating a satellite in space. The launch came from an
agreement between India and the Soviet Union directed by
U.R. Rao and signed in 1972. It allowed the USSR to use
India ports for tracking ships and launching vessels in
return for launching India satellites.
9. BHASKARA-1
The Bhaskara-I and II Satellites were two satellites built
by the Indian Space Research Organisation that formed
India's first low orbit Earth Observation Satellite. They
collected data on telemetry, oceanogrphy and hydrology.
The satellite provided ocean and land surface data. It
orbited at 541 x 557 km with inclination of 50.7°. One of
two onboard cameras malfunctioned, however it sent back
more than two thousand images. Housekeeping telemetry
was received until re-entry in 1991.
11. MANGALYAANN
The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also
called Mangalyaan is a spacecraft orbiting Mars
since 24 September 2014. It was launched on 5
November 2013 by the Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO). It is India's first
interplanetary mission and ISRO has become the
fourth space agency to reach Mars, after
the Soviet space program, NASA, and
the European Space Agency. It is the first Asian
nation to reach Mars orbit ,and the first nation to
do so on its first attempt.
13. ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES
SENT BY OTHER NATIONS
SPUTNIK-1 : RUSSIA (SOVIET
UNION)
EXPLORER-1 : UNITED STATES
ARIEL-1 : UNITED KINGDOM
ARABSAT-1 : SAUDI ARABIA
DONG FANG HONG : CHINA
VIKING : SWEDEN
