Chandrayaan 2 mission details. The rocket and it's payloads are explained. Pictures taken by the orbiter are also listed. It also talks about the different experiments that were supposed to be carried by the rover. The reason for the mission failure and future isro projects like Chandrayaan 3 are discussed.

1. CHANDRAYAAN 2
By : Deekshitha S

2. ● Chandrayaan-2 mission is a highly complex
mission, which represents a significant
technological leap compared to the previous
missions of ISRO.
● It comprised an Orbiter, Lander and Rover to
explore the unexplored South Pole of the Moon.
● The mission was designed to expand the lunar
scientific knowledge through detailed study of
topography, seismography, mineral
identification and distribution, surface chemical
composition, thermo-physical characteristics of
top soil and composition of the tenuous lunar
atmosphere, leading to a new understanding of
the origin and evolution of the Moon.
Preview

3. Why the south pole ?
● The lunar south pole is of special interest to
scientists because of the occurrence of water
ice in permanently shadowed areas around it.
● The lunar south pole region features craters
that are unique in that the near-constant
sunlight does not reach their interior.
● Such craters are cold traps that contain a
fossil record of hydrogen, water ice, and other
volatiles dating from the early Solar System.
● In contrast, the lunar north pole region
exhibits a much lower quantity of similarly
sheltered craters.

4. PAYLOADS
ORBITER
VIKRAM PRAGYAN
Chandrayaan-2 is a follow-on mission to the Chandrayaan-1, comprising an orbiter, Lander (Vikram) and Rover
(Pragyaan). Unlike, Chandrayaan-1, this second lunar mission will attempt to soft land Vikram on the lunar
surface and deploy a six-wheeled Rover (Pragyaan), which will carry out scientific experiments on the moon. The
lift-off mass of Chandrayaan-2 is said to be 3,850 kg.

5. ● Terrain Mapping Camera 2 (TMC-2)
● Chandrayaan-2 large area soft X-ray
Spectrometer
● Solar X-Ray monitor
● Orbiter high resolution camera
● Imaging IR Spectrometer
● Dual Frequency Synthetic Aperture
RADAR
● Chandrayaan-2 Atmospheric
Compositional Explorer-2
● Dual Frequency Radio Science
Experiment
● POWER: 1 kW (1.3 hp)
● MASS: 682 kg (1,504 lb)
● Mission duration: ~ 7 years
Elapsed: 5 months, 8 days
Orbiter

6. ORBITER PAYLOADS
● TMC 2 is a miniature version of the Terrain Mapping Camera used onboard the
Chandrayaan 1 mission. Its primary objective is mapping the lunar surface.
● Chandrayaan-2 large area soft X-ray Spectrometer (CLASS )measures the Moon's X-ray
Fluorescence (XRF) spectra to examine the presence of major elements such as
Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon, Calcium, Titanium, Iron, and Sodium.
● XSM observes the X-rays emitted by the Sun and its corona, measures the intensity of
solar radiation in these rays, and supports CLASS.
● OHRC provides high-resolution images of the landing site
● IIRS has two primary objectives:
-Global mineralogical
-Complete characterisation of water/hydroxyl feature
● Dual Frequency Synthetic Aperture RADAR
-High-resolution lunar mapping in the polar regions
-Quantitative estimation of water-ice in the polar regions
● CHACE 2 is capable of scanning the lunar neutral exosphere
● DFRS is to study the temporal evolution of electron density in the Lunar ionosphere.

7. ● Radio anatomy of moon bound
hypersensitive ionosphere and
atmosphere
● Chandra’s surface Thermo-
physical experiment
● Instrument for Lunar Seismic
Activity
● POWER: 650 W
● MASS: 1,471 kg (3,243 lb)
● Mission duration:
≤ 14 days (planned)
Achieved: 0 days (landing failure)
Vikram

8. VIKRAM PAYLOADS
● Radio anatomy of moon bound hypersensitive ionosphere and atmosphere
Its primary objective is to measure factors such as:
-Ambient electron density/temperature near the lunar surface
-Temporal evolution of lunar plasma
● ChaSTE measures the vertical temperature gradient and thermal
conductivity of the lunar surface
● ILSA is a triple axis, MEMS-based seismometer that can detect minute
ground displacement, velocity, or acceleration caused by lunar quakes

9. ● Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer
● LASER Induced Breakdown Spectro-
scope
● POWER: 50 W
● MASS: 27 kg (60 lb)
● Mission duration:
≤ 14 days (planned)
Achieved: 0 days (landing failure)
Pragyan

10. PRAGYAN PAYLOADS
● APXS can detect all major rock-forming elements such as Sodium,
Magnesium, Aluminium, Silica, Calcium, Titanium, Iron, and some trace
elements such as Strontium, Yttrium and Zirconium.
● LIBS' prime objective is to identify and determine the abundance of
elements near the landing site.

11. CHACE2
XSM
CLASS APXS
ILSA MEMS
sensor
package
LIBS
Laser retroreflector
array (LRA)
ChaSTE

12. ● This three-stage vehicle is India's most
powerful launcher to date, and is
capable of launching 4-ton class of
satellites to the Geosynchronous
Transfer Orbit (GTO).
● Components : S200 Solid Rocket
Boosters , L110 Liquid Stage , C25
Upper Stage
● The mission has an allocated cost of
₹ 978 crores which includes ₹ 600 crores
for space segment and ₹ 375 crores as
launch costs on GSLV Mark III
GSLV Mark III

13. ● DR. K SIVAN- ISRO Chairman
● Ritu Karidhal– Mission Director
● Muthayya Vanitha– Project Director
● K. Kalpana – Associate Project Director
● G. Narayanan – Associate Project
Director
● G. Nagesh – Project Director (former)
● Chandrakanta Kumar – Deputy Project
Director (Radio frequency systems)
● Amitabh Singh – Deputy Project
Director (Optical Payload Data
Processing, SAC)
Scientists Involved in the
Mission

14. ● July 22, 2019 - India successfully launches
Chandrayaan 2 from Satish Dhawan Space
Centre in Sriharikota
● July 24, 2019 - First orbit raising manoeuvre
performed successfully
● August 14, 2019 - Chandrayaan-2 leaves
earth's orbit
● August 20, 2019 - Chandrayaan 2
successfully enters orbit around Moon
● August 22, 2019 - ISRO releases first Moon
image captured by Chandrayaan-2
● September 4, 2019 - Chandrayaan-2's
second de-orbiting maneuver executed
● September 7, 2019: Chandrayaan 2's Vikram
Rover starts its descent. ISRO loses
communication during fine braking phase
Timeline

15. ● The Orbiter has already been placed in its
intended orbit around the Moon and shall
enrich our understanding of the moon’s
evolution and mapping of the minerals and
water molecules in the Polar Regions, using
its eight state-of-the-art scientific
instruments.
● The Orbiter camera is the highest resolution
camera (0.3m) in any lunar mission so far and
shall provide high resolution images which
will be immensely useful to the global
scientific community.
● The precise launch and mission management
has ensured a long life of almost 7 years
instead of the planned one year.
Outcomes

16. ● The Vikram Lander followed the planned
descent trajectory from its orbit of 35 km to
just below 2 km above the surface.
● During the second phase of descent, the
reduction in velocity was more than the
designed value.
● Due to this deviation, the initial conditions at
the start of the fine braking phase were
beyond the designed parameters.
● As a result, Vikram hard landed within 500 m
of the designated landing site.
Where did we go wrong ?

17. NASA’S APOLLO LANDING SITES

18. Pictures taken by the orbiter

19. ● Chandrayaan-3 will be mission repeat of
Chandrayaan-2 and will only include a lander
and a rover similar to that of Chandrayaan-2
and will not have an orbiter.
● In second the phase of the Chandrayaan
programme to demonstrate soft landing on
lunar surface, ISRO launched Chandrayaan-2
onboard a GSLV Mark III rocket consisting
of an orbiter, a lander and a rover. The lander
was scheduled to touchdown the lunar
surface in September to deploy the rover
Pragyan.
Chandrayaan 3

20. Pericynthion altitude 100 km (62 mi)
Apocynthion altitude 100 km (62 mi)
Moon Orbital parameters

21. ISRO-CHANDRAYAAN 2 (3D Animation)

22. THANK YOU