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1. (Mission to moon)
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2. Chandrayaan-1[6] was the first
Indian lunar probe under
the Chandrayaan programme. It was
launched by the Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO) in October 2008,
and operated until August 2009. The
mission included a lunar orbiter and
an impactor. India launched the
spacecraft using a PSLV-XL rocket on 22
October 2008 at 00:52 UTC from Satish
Dhawan Space Centre, at Sriharikota,
Andhra Pradesh.[7] The mission was a
major boost to India's space
program,[8] as India researched and
developed indigenous technology to
explore the Moon.[9] The vehicle was
inserted into lunar orbit on 8 November
2008.[1

3. Chandrayaan-2 is the second lunar exploration mission
developed by the Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO), after Chandrayaan-1. It consists of a
lunar orbiter, a lander, and the Pragyan rover, all of which
were developed in India. The main scientific objective is to
map and study the variations in lunar surface composition,
as well as the location and abundance of lunar water.
The spacecraft was launched on its mission to the Moon
from the second launch pad at the Satish Dhawan Space
Centre in Andhra Pradesh on 22 July 2019 at
09:13:12 UTC by a LVM3-M1 rocket. The craft reached the
Moon's orbit on 20 August 2019 and began orbital
positioning manoeuvres for the landing of
the Vikram lander. The lander and the rover were
scheduled to land on the near side of the Moon, in
the south polar region at a latitude of about 70° south on 6
September 2019 and conduct scientific experiments for
one lunar day, which approximates to two Earth weeks.
However, the lander crashed when it deviated from its
intended trajectory while attempting to land on 6 September
2019. According to a failure analysis report submitted to
ISRO, the crash was caused by a software glitch. ISRO will
re-attempt a landing in 2023 with Chandrayaan-3.

4. The much-anticipated launch
of Chandrayaan 3 mission by the
Indian Space Research Organisation
(ISRO) is scheduled for 2.35 pm IST
on July 14 from the Satish Dhawan
Space Centre, Sriharikota.
The lunar mission is a follow-up to
the Chandrayaan 2, launched in
September 2019 and which failed to
complete the soft landing due to a
problems with the onboard computer
and the propulsion system, and
crashed on the moon’s surface.

5. COUNTRY
 RUSSIA
 UNITED STATES
NO. OF MISSIONS TO MOON
 The first country to successfully land
on the moon (1959), soft-land on the
moon (1966), and successfully retrieve
samples from the moon on an
unmanned mission (1970).
 First soft-landed a few months after
Russia in 1966. As of 2022, has 11 soft
landings (most in the world) and is the
only country to land humans on the
moon (six times/12 people in all, 1969-
1972).

6. COUNTRIES
 CHINA
 INDIA
NO. OF MISSIONS TO MOON
 China's Chang'e 3 lander touched
down on 14 Dec. 2013, marking the
first moon landing since the USSR's
Luna 24 in 1976. Chang'e 4 completed
the first soft landing on the dark side of
the moon on 3 Jan. 2019.
 Designed to impact rather than soft-
land, India's probe Chandrayaan-1
reached the lunar surface on 22 Oct.
2008, making India the fourth country
to successfully land on the moon.

7. Sriharikota is a barrier island off the Bay
of Bengal coast located in the Shar
Project settlement of Tirupati
district in Andhra Pradesh, India. It
houses the Satish Dhawan Space
Centre, one of the two satellite launch
centres in India (the other being Thumba
Equatorial Rocket Launching
Station, Thiruvananthapuram). Indian
Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
launches satellites using multistage
rockets such as the Polar Satellite
Launch Vehicle and
the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch
Vehicle from Sriharikota. Sriharikota is
selected by ISRO because of its
proximity to the equator, it gives extra
centripital force from the rotation of
Earth.[1