The document discusses Ayushi Jain's school furniture design project completed during her second year of studying commercial design diploma at Dezyne E'cole College in Ajmer, India. It includes an introduction, acknowledgements, synopsis, education background, specifications for school furniture design considering ergonomics and safety, case study design process, and detailed drawings. The project focused on designing ergonomic and safe school furniture meeting dimensional requirements for students aged 7-15 years old.

1. PRODUCT DESIGN
AYUSHI JAIN
2nd Year Diploma in Commercial Design
NSQF Level-6 of NSDC
Dezyne E’cole College, www.dezyneecole.com
COMMERCIAL DESIGN
PORTFOLIO
SCHOOL FURNITURE

2. PRODUCT DESIGN
Dezyne E’cole College
106/10, Civil Lines, Ajmer
Tel-01452624679
www.dezyneecole.com
2018- 2019
Project Report On
School Furniture
At
Dezyne E’cole College, Ajmer
Submitted To
Dezyne E’cole College
Towards The Partial Fulfillment Of
2nd Year Commercial Design
Diploma
NSQF Level 6 of NSDC
By:
Ayushi Jain

3. SYNOPSIS
This Project Report On School Furniture Has Been Created, Developed And
Designed By Me, During My Study Of Product Designing, Confirming To NSQF
Level 6 Of NSDC.
In This Project I Have Discussed About Product Design And Amongst Various
Products I Have Made An Elaborated Discussion Of Furniture Design, Its
Timeline And Various Types. Classification Of Furniture, Functional
Requirement Of A Furniture And Its Characteristics Has Also Been Discussed.
After Their Study I Have Learned To Make A Furniture Ergonomically Sound.
This Made Me Clear The Basic Level And Then I Moved Down On
Developing Engineering Design Of Furniture I.E. Specifying The Construction
Of Furniture Through Detail Drawings.
I Request You To Kindly Go Through My Project Pages. As A Novice In This
Field I Have Tried My Level Best To Bring Out The Best Of My Knowledge
Gained At Dezyne E’cole College.

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I, Ayushi Jain , Student Of Dezyne E'cole College, Am Extremely Grateful To Each And
Every Individual Who Has Contributed In Successful Completion Of My Project.
I Would Like To Express My Special Thanks Of Gratitude Towards Dezyne E’cole
College
And Its Mentors For Their Guidance And Constant Supervision As Well As For Providing Me
The Necessary Information And Support Regarding The Completion Of Project.
I Also Want To Thank My Parents And My Friends Who Helped Me A Lot In Finalizing This
Project Within A Limited Time Frame.
Thank You
Due
Regards
Ayushi Jain

5. GRADE SHEET
This Project Report Of Ms. Ayushi Jain, A Student Second Year, Commercial Design Diploma,
NSQF Level 6 Of NSDC, Has Been Checked And Is GradedAs
___
________________________
Thank You
Principal
(Seal &
Sign)

6. EDUCATION
School
10th – RBSC Board (2015)
Govt. Girls Sec. School,
12th – RBSC Board (2017)
Govt. Sr. Sec. School,
From Bandanwara
2017
1 Year Residential
Design Diploma,
NSQF Level 5 Of
NSDC, Dezyne
Ecole College
(2018 )
Diploma
2018
2nd Year
Commercial
Design Diploma,
NSQF Level 6 Of
NSDC, Dezyne
Ecole College
(2019)
Diploma
Bachelor Of
Science InInterior
Design, Dezyne
Ecole College
(2017 - 2020)
B.Sc.Birth
1998
ABOUT ME
Design is all about observation and idea generation. It can be simple as well as complex, it
should be personal. Everywhere I turn I see colours, textures and patterns. I always had attraction
towards beautiful architecture of the world, designed spaces of commercial and residential
areas where a variety of textures, colours and styles were used. I honed my skills later in this field
and made my career. Today I want to excel in this field and develop not only beautiful but
functional spaces to help make dreams of people into reality.
INTERESTS
o Idea Generation
o Drafting
o Model Making
o Learning New Things
o Creating New
Designs
o Dance
o Music
LEARNINGOUTCOMES
o ProjectHandling.
o ResidentialSpace
Planning.
o Designing And Planning
CommercialSpaces.
o LightingDesign.
o FurnitureDesign.
o 3D Rendering.
o Participate in Identity
Exhibition(2017).
o Kaleidoscope (Dance Activity) 2018.
o Showcased My Residential Project In
Identity Exhibition (2018).
o Handled A Residential Project.
o Worked On RetailSpace Planning
ACTIVITIES
DIGITAL SKILLS
LANGUAGE
o Hindi
o English
AYUSHI JAIN
Interior Designer
CONTACT
www.dezyneecole.com
dezyneecole@gmail.com
9829024839
0145-2629679
www.linkedin.com/in/ayushi-
jain-65ab67160
2020 2019
AJ

7. Kaleidoscope 2017 Identity exhibition 2017
Kaleidoscope 2018 Batch Topper
Identity exhibition 2018
College Activity

10. CONTENT
01
Introduction:
COMMERCIAL DESIGN 02
03 04
05 06
07 08
Introduction:
PRODUCT DESIGN
Introduction:
FURNITURE DESIGN
SCHOOL FURNITURE
CASE STUDY DESIGN PROCESS
DETAILED DRAWINGS RENDER VIEW

11. COMMERCIAL DESIGN
Commercial Interior Design Involves The Development Of Interior Spaces Used For
Business Purposes. Commercial Buildings Have The Primary Purpose Of Making
Money, So Commercial Interior Design Is Focused On The Usability Of A Structure.
It Has Often Been Said That The Key To A Successful Business Is Location. We Get It;
Location Is Important. But Even With The Greatest Location In The World, A Business
Can Easily Fail If Its Interior Is Not Just As Well Thought Out. Interior Design Is The Art
Of Balancing Functional Needs And Aesthetic Preferences Inside Of A Structure.
After All, The Purpose Of A Building Is Really Defined By Its Interior, Not Its Exterior.
A Commercial Building Is One Used For Some Sort Of Business Purpose, Such As A Store, Office,
Warehouse, Or A Restaurant. Just As There Are Many Types Of Buildings, There Are Different Types
Of Interior Design. Houses Utilize One Kind Of Design, While Commercial Structures Have Very
Different Needs. We Want These Needs To Be Successful, But A Successful Structure Does Require A
Bit More Than Just Location.

12. COMMERCIAL DESIGN
Functions Of Commercial Buildings
Interior Designers Design Interiors. That's Obvious, But They Need To Do So In A Way That Enhances
The Basic Function Or Purpose Of A Structure. A House Is A Space For Living, So Residential Designs
Need To Enhance Liveability. Commercial Structures Have A Different Purpose: They Help Businesses
Make Money. How Can An Interior
Designer Help A Business Make Money. The Interior Designer Balances The Commercial Building's
Functional Needs In Terms Of Physical Space And Its Aesthetics. When Looking At Interiors, We Can
Talk About Two Main Things: The Use Of Physical Space And Aesthetics. Let's Start By Looking At
How Interior Designers Can Utilize Physical Space To Enhance The Purpose Of A Commercial
Structure. If The Design Of A House Is Centred On Liveability, Then The Design Of A Commercial
Building Is Based On Usability. Space Needs To Be Usable For Both Employees And Customers In
Order To Maximize Profits. Designing Usable Space Will Change Based On The Needs Of The
Building. An Office Building Needs To Fit Multiple Cubicles Into A Shared Area But Not Pack Them So
Tightly As To Decrease Productivity. A Department Store Needs Space For Window Displays, As Well
As Space For Merchandise, Trying On Clothes, And Purchasing Counters. Restaurants Need
Kitchens, And The

13. COMMERCIAL DESIGN
Dining Rooms Should Have Enough Tables To Make A Profit But Not So Many As To
Create An Unpleasant Dining Experience. The Interior Designer Is In Charge Of
Utilizing Space In The Most Effective Way. A Great Example Of This Can Be Seen In
The Terrace Restaurant Of The London Zoo. Designers Rebuilt The Restaurant's
Interior, Changing The Layout Of Kitchens, Dining Spaces, Etc. The New Design
Tripled The Maximum Occupancy Of The Restaurant, Which Now Serves Up To
10,000 People Per Day.
This Does Have Its Challenges. Unlike The Average Residential Structure, Commercial Buildings Have
Unique Infrastructural Needs. Restaurants Need Industrial Kitchens, Department Stores Need
Elevators Or Escalators, And Offices Need Parking Complexes. In Many Places, Like Retail Or Food-
service Buildings, Customers Will Only See A Portion Of The Total Space. Storage Rooms And Service
Areas Need To Be Accessible To Employees But Invisible To Customers. This Presents Some
Challenges When Organizing The Use Of Interior Space But, When Handled Correctly, Can Greatly
Increase The Effectiveness Of The Structure.

14. COMMERCIAL DESIGN

15. PRODUCT DESIGN
Product Design, Is To Create A New Product To Be Sold By A Business To Its Customers.
It Is A Set Of Strategic And Tactical Activities, From Idea Generation To
Commercialization, Used To Create A Product. Design Expression Comes From The
Combined Effect Of All Elements In A Product. Color Tone, Shape And Size Should
Direct A Persons Thoughts Towards Buying The Product. Therefore, It Is In The Product
Designers Best Interest To Create The Audiences Who Are Most Likely To Be The
Products End Consumer, Keeping In Mind How Consumers Will Perceive The Product
During The Design Process Will Direct Towards The Success In The Market. However,
Even within a specific audience, it is challenging to center to each possible
personality within that group. Personality Within That Group.
The Solution To That Is To Create A Product That, In Its Designed Appearance And Function,
Expresses A Personality Or Tells A Story. Products That Carry Such Attributes Are More Likely To Give
Off A Stronger Expression That Will Attract More Consumers. On That Note It Is Important To Keep In
Mind That Design Expression Does Not Only Concern The Appearance Of The Product But Also Its
Function.

16. PRODUCT DESIGN
Product Design Versus Industrial Design:
Product Design Is Something Which Is Confused With Industrial Design And Has
Recently Become A Broad Term Inclusive Of Services, Software And Physical
Product Design. Other Aspects Of Product Design Includes Engineering Design,
Particularly When Matters Of Functionality Or Utility Are At Issue Though Such
Boundaries Are Not Always Clear.
Role Of A Product Designer:
The Role Of A Product Designer Is To Combine Art, Science And Technology To Create New
Products That That People Can Use. Their Evolving Role Has Been Facilitated By Digital Tools
That Now Allow Designers To Communicate, Visualize, Analyze And Actually Produces
Tangible Ideas In A Way That Would Have Taken Greater Manpower In The Past.
Product Design Process:
There Are Various Product Design Processes, And Many Focus On Different Aspects.
The Process Is Usually Completed By A Group Of People With Different Skills And
Training – e.g. Industrial Designers, Field Experts (Prospective Users), Engineers (For
Engineering Design Aspects), Depending Upon The Nature And Type Of Product
Involved. The Process Often Involves Figuring Out What Is Required, Brainstorming
Possible Ideas, Creating Mock Prototypes, And Then Generating The Product.
However, That Is Not The End. Product Designers Would Still Need To Execute The
Idea, Making It Into An Actual Product And Evaluating Its Success (Seeing If Any
Improvements Are Necessary).

17. PRODUCT DESIGN
The Product Design Process Has Experienced Huge Leaps In Evolution Over The Last
Few Years With The Rise And Adoption Of 3d Printing. New Consumer-friendly 3D
Printers Can Produce Dimensional Objects And Print Upwards With A Plastic Like
Substance Opposed To Traditional Printers That Spread Ink Across A Page.
The Product Design Process, Typically Involves Three Main Aspects:
• Analysis
• Concept
• Synthesis
Depending On The Kind Of Product Being Designed, The Latter Two
Sections Are Most Often Revisited (E.G. Depending On How Often The Design Needs
Revision, To Improve It Or To Better Fit The Criteria). This Is A Continuous Loop, Where
Feedback Is The Main Component.

18. PRODUCT DESIGN

19. FURNITURE DESIGN
There Are Endless Products Which Are Being Offered In The Market By Many Businesses.
From Pen To A Building, Everything Is A Product And Is Being Offered In The Market For
The Ultimate Consumer Regardless Of Its Size And Amount. Product Design Is A Very
Broad Field Which Includes Many Sub Fields, One Of Which Is Furniture Design. Furniture
Refers To Movable Objects Intended To Support Various Human Activities Such As
Seating, Reclining, Sleeping, Eating Etc. Furniture Is Also Used To Hold Objects At A
Convenient Height For Work Or To Store Things.
History of furniture:
People Have Been Using Natural Objects Such As Tree Trunk And Rocks As Furniture Since The
Beginning Of Human Civilization. Research Shows That From Around 30,000 Years Ago People Began
Constructing And Carving Their Own Furniture Using Wood, Stone, Ivory And Animals’ Bone. The First
Surviving Extract Furniture Is In The Homes Of Scotland, Which Includes Cupboards, Dresses And Beds
All Constructed From Stones. Complex Construction Techniques Such As Joinery Began In The Early
Dynastic Period Of Ancient Egypt. This Era Saw Constructed Wooden Pieces, Including Stools And
Tables. The Evolution Of Furniture Design Continued In Ancient Greece And Ancient Rome Where
Multipurpose Couches Were Used For Relaxing, Eating And Sleeping.
Furniture Design Expanded During The Italian Renaissance Of The Fourteenth And Fifteenth Century.
The Seventeenth Century Was Cauterized By Opulent, Often Gilded Baroque Designs. The
Nineteenth Century Is Usually Defined By Revival Style. The First Three Quarters Of 20th Century Are
Often Seen As The March Towards Modernism. One Unique Outgrowth Of Past- Modern Furniture
Design Is A Return To Natural Shapes And Textures.

20. TIMELINE OF FURNITURE
Following Is The Timeline Of Furniture Showcasing The Different Types Of Furniture's
Used During Different Time Periods Along With Their Duration Of Use. From All The
Different Styles Of Furniture.
Ancient Egyptian
Furniture
3000 - 2000BC
Medieval
Furniture
500-1450AD
Jacobean
Furniture
1567-1625AD
Rococo
Furniture
1725-1775AD
Art Nouveau
Furniture
1890-1914AD
Art Deco
Furniture
1925 – 1940 AD
Contemporary
Furniture
1980- Present
Ancient Greek
Furniture
2000-300AD
Renaissance
Furniture
1350 - 1550
Colonial
Furniture
1500-1754AD
Revival
Furniture
1800 - 1900
Modern
Furniture
1930 – 1945AD

21. SCHOOL FURNITURE
Furniture Design Being A Part Of Product Design Is Further Divided Into Designing Of Furniture As Per
Their Location Of Use Like Office Furniture, School Furniture, Residential Furniture Etc.
A School Furniture Consists Of A Classroom, Reception Area, Fee Counter, Library, Labs, Staff Room,
Play Area, Principal’s Office Etc. Each Area Has Its On Personality And Requires Furniture Accordingly.
For Designing Furniture For School, Certain Points Are Required To Be Considered Which Are As Follows:
• In School Children, There Is A Conflict Between Their Natural Tendency To Unrestricted Physical
Movement And Need To Maintain A Seated Position For A Longer Period Of Time.
• Headache, Knee Pain, Back Pain And Attention Deficit Are Among The Most Common Adverse
Effects Of Prolonged Sitting. In Order To Reduce These Negative Effects Education Programs In
Schools Contains Many Forms Of Physical Activation For Students.
• Innovation Solutions For School Furniture Should Arise In Multidisciplinary Teams
Composed Of Orthopedic Doctors, Rehabilitation Experts, Teachers, Psychologists, Constructors,
Technologists, Environmentalists And Of Course Designers.
• The Backrest Of Chair Should Stiffly Support The Back At The Height Of The Lumbar Region, Below
The Shoulder Blades.
• The Height Of The Front Edge Of The Table Must Correspond To The Height Of
The Bottom Surface Of The Bend Forearm In A Position When The Arm Is Placed
Vertically.
• A Clear Space Between The Back Part Of The Calf And Front Edge Of The Seat Must Be Taken Into
Consideration.
• The Foot Must Rest On Floor. The Seat And Table Height Should Be Adjusted To The Thickness Of The
Shoe Sole, Around 2 Cm.

22. SCHOOL FURNITURE
Dimensional Requirements For School Furniture:
• Diversity In Design Should, Therefore, Take Into Account And Promote Solutions That Not Only
Improve The Figure, But Also Ensure Freedom And Mobility Of Both Children And Furniture.
• Differences In Height Of Polish Children (Boys And Girls) Aged From 7 To 12 Years (Elementary
School) Amount To 30 Cm On Average, While In Children Between 13 To 15 Years (Middle School
Youth) Only 12 Cm.
• The Younger The Child, The Less The Developed Bone Structure And It Is More Important To Adopt
The Correct Posture During School Activities.
Requirements For Safety:
• The Fulfilment Of Ergonomics Requirements By School Furniture Still Does Not Entitle Them To Be
Placed In A Classroom. It Is Important That The Product Meets The Expected Usable Requirements,
Which The Specifics Of Schoolrooms And The Nature Of The Pupil Environment Are Presented With.
• During The Design Process, It Needs To Be Make Sure That The Surfaces Of The Worktops Of Tables
Are Finished With Materials Of High Resistance To High
Temperatures, Abrasions, Scratches, Impacts And Discolouration, And Also That They Do Not Give
Off Light Reflections And Enable Easy Maintenance Of Compiling And Storing Furniture In Heaps
Even In Small Places.
• It Is Important To Eliminate The Possibility Of Injury To A Child By Rounding The Edges And Corners,
Adequately Placing Fittings And Elements, As Well As Carefully Selecting Materials.

23. CASE STUDY
You Are Supposed To Design A Furniture For Play
School For Children Of 2.5- 4 Years. Your Furniture
Must Be Developed And Designed Based On A
Concept Or A Theme. Colour Scheme Must Be
Used As Per The Mood Taken And Material
Application Along With Joints In Furniture Must Be
Specified.

24. DESIGN PROCESS
THE
DESIGN
PROCESS
DEFINE
COLLECT
BRAINSTORMIN
G & ANALYSES
DEVELOPMENT
IMPLEMENT
EVALUATION
Design Means ToCreate. Before Designing Anything We Are Required To Follow A Design Process, Which
GoesLike:
As The Case Study Is Based On Designing A Chair For School Children Of Play Group Of 2.5-4 Years,
First I Have Studied Their Behaviour, Their Likes, Dislikes, Habits, What Attracts Them And What
Surroundings Make Them Feel Happy. While Designing There Are Certain Points Which I Have Kept In
Mind Like Their Anthropometrics And Ergonomics.
After Doing A Through Study Of The Above Stated Points I Have Developed A Check List Related To
Their Behaviour While Brainstorming, Which You Will Be Seeing In Upcoming Pages.

25. RESEARCH BOARD
For Developing A School Furniture For Children Of 2.5-4 Years I Have Researched About Various Types
Of School Furniture Which Are Very Popular And Are In Trend. I Also Searched About Various Colours
Which Are More Liked By The Children And I Found That All The Bright And Cheerful Colours Like Red,
Blue, Yellow, Etc. Are Mostly Liked By Children And What Surrounding Make Them Comfortable And
How They Behave In A Particular Surrounding. I Have Also Studied About The Various Shapes And
Forms Used In Children Furniture And Also The Materials Used. Accordingly I Have Designed A Chair
For Kids.

26. LOOK BOOK
These Furniture Based On “ Cartoons” Character Concept ;
 Using Bright Colours With Neutral Colours
 Attractive Shape Of Backrest, Seat, Legs, Hand Rest Etc.
 Funny
 Enjoy Full
 Cheerful
 Comfortable
 Attractive Features

27. LOOK BOOK
These Furniture Based On “ Fruits ” Concept ;
 Using Bright Colours
 Attractive Shape Of Backrest, Seat, Legs, Etc.
 Fresh
 Calm
 Soothing To Eyes

28. LOOK BOOK
These Furniture Based On “ Animals ” Concept
;
 Using Bright Colours With Neutral Colours
 Attractive Shape Of Backrest, Seat, Legs,
Hand Rest Etc.
 Funny
 Enjoy Full
 Cheerful
 Comfortable
 Attractive Features
 Backrest In The Shape Of Ears, Animal Faces.

29. LOOK BOOK
These Furniture Based On “ Single Structure” Concept ;
 Using Bright Colours With Neutral Colours
 Attractive Shape Of Backrest, Seat, Legs, Hand Rest
Etc.
 Enjoy Full
 Cheerful
 Comfortable
 Attractive Features
 Easy To Use
 Multi Uses

30. LOOK BOOK
These Furniture Based On “ Alphabet ” Concept ;
 Using Bright Colours With Neutral Colours
 Attractive Shape Of Backrest, legs etc.
 Increase learning process
 Enjoy Full
 Cheerful
 Comfortable
 Backrest In The Shape Of Alphabet.

31. LOOK BOOK

32. LOOK BOOK

33. CONCEPT BOARD
After Studying Certain Aspects I Took Inspiration
From A Cartoon Character “PANDA” Which Is The
Most Liked Cartoon Character Amongst Kids.
Panda’s Cuteness and Naughty Character and
Black And White Colour Attractive To The Children's.
Designing A Furniture Inspired From A Cartoon
Character And Using It In A Classroom Will Make
Their Learning Process More Interesting And Fun. I
Choose This Character Because I Love Panda And
Also Panda Is My Favourite Character.
Characteristic Of Panda :
Cute, Funny, Cheerful , Naughty , Kind, Intelligent ,

34. MATERIAL BOARD
• Fevicol
• Plywood
• Wooden Rod
• Nails
• Plastic Paint ( White And Black Color )
• Primer
• High Density Foam
• Fabric Of White Fur For Seat Upholstery

35. BRAINSTROMING
PAPERS

39. SKETCH OF DESIGN

41. DETAIL DRAWING
The Backrest Is In The Shape Of Panda’s
Face. It Is Constructed Using 30mm
Plywood Which Is Painted Black And
White Using Plastic Paint.
In Joining Backrest To Seat Mortise
And Tenon Joints Are Being Used
Along With Fevicol For Stiffness.
Seat Is Being Constructed Using
Wooden Base.
On Wooden Base High Density
Foam Is Being Used Which Has
Being Covered By White Fur
(Flux) Fabric.
Height Of The Seat Is Taken At
10” With Size 12”x 12” And
Thickness 2”.
Side Legs With Hand Rest For
Support To
Legs Which is Constructed Using
Wood Of 1” Or 30mm Thickness.
Which Is Painted Black Using
Plastic Paint.
Isometric View
Backrest
Seat
Legs

42. RENDERED VIEWS
Right View Isometric ViewFront View
Top View Left View Isometric View

43. THANK YOU
AYUSHI JAIN
2nd Year Diploma in Commercial Design
NSQF Level-6 of NSDC
Dezyne E’cole College, www.dezyneecole.com