Alignment

1. WESTERN
UltraSpec® Pro Laser
Alignment
Model 8225 Laser Heads

2. Misalignment - Definition
 The deviation of each shaft’s position from a collinear axis
during operation.
WESTERN

3. Types of Misalignment
COMBINATION
ANGULAR
OFFSET
WESTERN

4. Why Align?
 Increase machine life by.....
– Reduce cyclic fatigue on machine components
– Reduce heat from preloading and friction
– Lower vibration and noise levels
 Minimize shaft bending
 Life is extended dramatically with a slight
alignment improvement!
WESTERN

5. WESTERN
Bearing Life Calculations:
For Ball Bearings:
For Roller Bearings:
4
L10 = 16,700 (Capacity)*(Load)
RPM Force
0
5
10
Design 2xForce 3xForce
Bearing Life Reduction
Design
Life
3
L10 = 16,700 (Capacity)*(Load)
RPM Force
Bearing Life Reduction

6. WESTERN
Misaligned
Stationary
Machine
Moveable
Machine
Moveable
Machine
Stationary
Machine
Aligned

7. What is measured?
WESTERN

8. WESTERN
Alignment
Dial Indicator Methods

9. WESTERN
Rim & Face Alignment

10. WESTERN
Reverse Dial Indicator Method

11. WESTERN
System Features and Benefits
 More Data Points
– 180 data points per head for improved curve fitting
– 1 micron resolution target
 High Speed Angle Sensor
– The new angle sensors increase response time
resulting in faster sweep speeds with more accuracy

12. WESTERN
Misalignment
0
11
22
11
TIR = 22
Rotational Position
0
0 90 180 270 360
Readings taken every 90o
.
22
11 11
B
T
L R
0
Good Data
What is Sweep Technology?

13. WESTERN
Apply Sine Curve
to Data
Misalignment
0
11
22
11
TIR = 22
Rotational Position
0
0 90 180 270 360
Readings taken every 90o
.
What is Sweep Technology?

14. WESTERN
Readings taken every 10o
.
0 90 180 270 360
Misalignment
Rotational Position
Misalignment
0
11
22
11
TIR = 22
Rotational Position
0
0 90 180 270 360
Readings taken every 90o
.
What is Sweep Technology?

15. WESTERN
Anti-Backlash
 Used in Autosweep
 Reduces measurement error
 Once rotated through 20°, automatically
recognizes rotation direction
 Ignores backwards rotation

16. Traditional
WESTERN

17. WESTERN
Fixed Shaft
Power Plane
Front feet .0023 low
Back feet .016 low
S
M
Vertical Alignment
 TIR readings:
 Stationary = +.032
 Movable = +.005
 Bar Sag = .004
 offset readings = (TIR +
Sag)/2
 stationary, S = (.032 +
.004)/2=.018
 Movable, M = (.005 +
.004)/2=.0045

18. WESTERN
If you can’t move
the motor ...
... then calculate the
move for the fan!
When I Can't Make the Move...
 Bolt Bound Machines

19. Machine Repositioning
WESTERN

20. WESTERN
Soft Foot condition
Bent Up Bent Down
Parallel Baseplate

21. WESTERN
UltraSpec Performs Soft Foot OR
Frame Distortion Index (FDI) Method
 BOTH
– Monitors shaft movement as foot is loosened.
– SEVERITY only! Does not give the amount of shims
to put under the foot!
– Choose preferred method
– Tolerance can be modified and loaded from UltraMgr

22. WESTERN
Step 2)
Measure gap with feeler gauge Shim to fill gap
Step 3)
Check with laser system.
Check with dial indicator
Step
1)
OR
How Do I Deal With Soft Foot?

23. WESTERN
Also....
 Thermal Growth
 Rough Alignment
WESTERN

24. Measurement Methods
 Auto Sweep(s)
– Standard with Anti-Backlash
– Averaging Mode with Anti-Backlash
 Manual Sweep
 Dual Pass
 Traditional
WESTERN

25. Manual Sweep
 Uncoupled
 Vertical (no inclinometer)
 Small Arcs (<75 degrees)
WESTERN

26. WESTERN
Pump - Motor - Fan Combinations
Typical Applications

27.  Hydraulic Pumps
 Line Drives
WESTERN
Typical Applications

28. WESTERN
Boiler Feed Pump
Forced Draft Fan
Typical Applications

29. WESTERN
Tolerance types
 Angle/Offset
 Jackshaft (Angle/Angle)

30. WESTERN
Cooling Tower
GEARBOX
MOTOR
WESTERN

31. Close Coupled Machines
 Typical
 Rotatable
 Standard,
magnetic or
Narrow Fixtures
WESTERN

32. WESTERN
Dual Pass (Type of Auto Sweep)
 Acquires data as the
laser targets are
‘Passed’ by lasers
 Only Dual beam
system to do this
(patent-pending)

33. Uncoupled Machines Alignment
 Machine difficult or impossible to turn shafts together
WESTERN

34. Uncoupled photo
 Special
 Usually not rotatable,
or difficult to rotate
 Soft-Mount Fixture
(A800052)
 Use ‘Dual Pass’
method
WESTERN

35. Horizontal Machines (Foot mount)
 Motors
 Pumps (Single & Multi
Stage)
 Compressors
 Gearboxes
 Blowers
 Turbines
 Chillers
 ETC., ETC., ETC.
WESTERN

36. Jackshaft (Spacer)
 Cooling Towers
 Multiple drive input
 Turbomachinery
 ETC., ETC., ETC.
WESTERN

37. Vertical Machines
 Deep Well Pumps
 Primary Coolant Pumps
 Transfer Pumps
 Hydro Turbines
 ETC., ETC., ETC.

38. WESTERN
Mining Conveyor System
Unique Applications

39. WESTERN
Alignment Summary Checklist
 Auto Sweep
 Manual Sweep for Uncoupled Shafts
 Shaft Straightness
 Vertical Alignment
 Upgradeable / Expandable
 Confidence Level
 Multiple Machine Moves