R.Varshini APAC SUITABLE GROUNDNUT VARIETIES FOR KHARIF AND RABI

2. • The season for the cultivation of groundnut crop
varies considerably in India on account of variations
in soil and climatic conditions in different states.
• In India, groundnut is cultivated in 3 seasons viz.,
» Kharif (monsoon or rainy season),
» Rabi (winter season) and
» Summer.
• In Tamil Nadu, groundnut is grown in five seasons viz.,
» Adipattam (June-July),
» Karthikaipattam (Oct-Nov),
» Margazhipattam (Dec-Jan),
» Masipattam (Feb-March)
» Chithiraipattam (April-May).

3. VARIETIES
• The varieties under cultivation fall under 3
botanical groups viz.,
Spanish Valencia
Virginia.
 Bunch (Spanish/Valencia),
 Semi-spreading (Virginia Bunch)
 Spreading (Virginia Runner).

4. Bunch Group
• The plant grows
– erect,
– possesses light-green foliage,
– produces pods in cluster at the
base of the plant
– round, plump
– non-dormant seeds
– light-rose testa [Spanish]
– red or purple testa [Valencia
group]

5. Semi-spreading And Spreading
Varieties
• The branches trail either partially or
completely on the surface of the soil,
• produce pods all along them,
• possess dark-green foliage
• oblong,
• dormant seeds of brownish testa.
• The semi-spreading and spreading
varieties are high yielding and late
maturing than the bunch varieties.
• In Virginia bunch, TMV10 is
preferred because of its high-oil
content and higher market price.
• Virginia runner is preferred for its
fodder value .

6. • During kharif (rainy season), varieties
belonging to all the botanical groups are
cultivated.
• During rabi/summer (post-rainy season)
varieties belonging to bunch group alone
are preferred because of their early
maturity.

7. Kharif
• About 90% of the groundnut in India is sown in
the kharif season under rainfed conditions.
• In Pollachi area of Tamil Nadu which gets the
benefit of pre-monsoon showers, Spanish bunch
varieties are sown in the first week of April.
• In Ramanathapuram and Tirunelveli districts,
which receive monsoon rains very late, sowings
are taken up as late as September.
• Between these two extremes, there are
central and coastal districts where sowing is
done from June to August.
• July-August sowings are most common.

8. Rabi
• Groundnut is raised in rabi season on a limited scale in areas
where winter is not severe and night temperatures do not go
below 15
o
C.
• This crop is usually raised in rice fallow situation to utilize the
residual moisture after the harvest of rice.
• Where irrigation facility is available, 2 or 3 irrigations are given
in the later stages of the crop.
• The rabi crops are sown from September to December.
• Low temperatures delay the germination of seed and cause
setback in the plant growth and reduce flower production. If
the crop is sown in November or later with an early maturing
cultivar, the growth and yield can be better.
• Rabi groundnut is raised in coastal regions, river deltas of
Cauvery and in other irrigated areas in parts of Tamil Nadu.

9. Bunch varieties released/ introduced in Tamil Nadu.
S.no Variety Parentage Botanical
group
Habit
group
Dura-
tion
Year of
release
Yield (kg/ha)
Rainfed Irrigated
1 TMV 2 Mass
selection
from"Gudiya
tham Bunch"
AH.32
Spanish Bunch 105 1940 - 1025
2 TMV 7 Selection
from
"Tenesse
white"
Spanish Bunch 105 1967 - 1400
3 TMV 9 Ah 3490 x
Ah 477
Spanish Bunch 110 1970 1160 2000
4 TMV 11 Selection
from"East
African
Variety"
Valencia Bunch 100 1977 1200 -
5 TMV 12 Pureline
selection
from
Ugandan
culture
Spanish Bunch 105 1978 1250 2100

10. 6 POL 1 Selection
from
"Malaysian
bunch
variety"
Spanish Bunch 105 1968 1450 -
7 POL 2 Pollachi
Red x Ah
2105
Spanish Bunch 105 1973 1600 2700
8 CO 1 Ah 6279 x
TMV 3
Spanish Bunch 105 1979 1200 2000
9 CO 2 EMS
mutant
from POL 1
Spanish Bunch 105 1984 1640 2710
10 CO 3 VRI 3 x JL
24
Spanish Bunch 105 1999 1750 2150

11. 11 VRI 1 TMV 7 x
FSB 7-2
Spanish Bunch 105 1986 1480 2500
12 VRI 2 JL 24 x
Co 2
Spanish Bunch 105 1989 1790 2060
13 VRI 3 J 11 x
Robut
33-1
Spanish Bunch 95 1990 1670 1830
14 VRI 4 VG 5 x
NCAc
17090
Spanish Bunch 105-110 1996 1660 2171

12. 15 ALR 2 ICGV
86011 (Dh
320 x
USA 2) x
NCAc 2232
Spanish Bunch 105 1994 1740 -
16 ALR 3 [R 33-1 x
ICG(FDRS)
68 x(NCAc
17090 x
ALR 1)]
Spanish Bunch 110-115 1999 1683 1886
17 BSR 1 ICGV 44
x(Robut
33-1x
NCAc
2821)
Spanish Bunch 105 1994 - 2845
18 JL 24 Mass
selection
from
Taiwan
Spanish Bunch 100 - 1650 -

13. Semi-spreading varieties
released in Tamil Nadu.
S. no Variety Parentage Botanical
group
Habit group Dura-
tion
Year of
release
Yield (kg/ha)
Rainfed Irrigated
1 TMV6 Selection
from "Virginia
bunch"
Virginia Semi-spread
ing
140 1961 - 950
2 TMV8 Selection
from Mana-
parai local
Virginia Semi-
spreading
135 1968 - 1600
3 TMV10 Natural
mutant from
"Argentina"
Virginia Semi-
spreading
130 1970 1700 -
4 ALR1 Pol 2 x PPG 4 Virginia Semi-
spreading
125 1986 1500 -
5 CO(GN)6 CO2 /ICGS
86010 / CO2/
(VG119 /
ICGS50)
Virginia Semi-
spreading
125 2002 1585 -

14. Spreading varieties released in
Tamil Nadu.
S.no Variety Parentage Botanical
group
Habit
group
Dura-tion Year of
release
Yield (kg/ha)
Rainfed Irrigated
1 TMV 1 Mass selection
from west
African variety
"Saloum" culture
Ah 25
Virginia Spread-
ing
140 1943 1450 -
2 TMV 3 Selection from
west African
variety, Bassi
(Ah 698)
Virginia Spread-
ing
140 1943 - 1450
3 TMV 4 Selection from
"North Corolina"
variety
(Ah 334)
Virginia Spread-
ing
140 1947 - 1450

15. Some Other New Varieties grown in
Tamilnadu
Variety Duration Yield (kg/ha) Characters
1. CO(GN)4 K - 1500R -
1950
Released by TNAU in 2001.
Resistant to rust & late leaf spot
Suitable for both rabi & summer
2. VRI (GN) 5 2133 Released by TNAU in 2001Suitable for
Kharif
3. CO (GN) 5 2384 Released by TNAU in 2002Suitable for
both Rabi & Summer
Resistant to rust and late leaf spot
4. ICGV 86325 115-125 2700 High yielding under rainfed
Tolerant to rust, late leaf spot and BND.
5. Manikya (DRG 12) 115-120 2604 High yielding for rabi / summer.
Tolerant to rust late leaf spot and PBND.
Suitable for rabi/summer irrigated
conditions.
6.VRI GN-6 100-105 2327 Early maturing, less susceptible to rust,
LLS, thrips and jassids compared to JL-24.
Kernels medium and tan in colour. Sowing of
crop in first week of June was found to be
optimum.
7. Vemana (K134) - - -
8. Apoorva (R 8808) - - -