credit by prof amin rasyid

1. LECTURE (1)
MUHAMMAD AMIN RASYID 2016
DIFFERENT CONTEXTS OF TEACHING ENGLISH IN THE WORLD
AND
REASONS FOR LEARNING ENGLISH

2. TEFL OBJECTIVES
different contexts of teaching English
in the world today, particularly in the
context of teaching English in
Indonesia
At the end of this 3x50
minute session, the students
are expected to have in-
depth understanding and
insights into:
reasons for learning English as a
foreign language

3. TEFLDIFFERENT CONTEXTS OF ENGLISH
LANGUAGE TEACHING (ELT) IN THE WORLD
Teaching English as a Native Language
(TENL)/First Language or L1 (TEL1)/ Mother
Tongue (TEMT)
Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL)
Different Contexts of ELT
in the World
Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL)
Teaching English as an International Language
(TEIL)
Teaching English for Speakers (Students) of Other
Languages (TESOL)

4. TEACHING ENGLISH AS A NATIVE LANGUAGE (TENL) / FIRST
LANGUAGE OR L1 (EL 1 ) / MOTHER TONGUE (EMT)
1
This term is used to indicate that a person
has acquired English in infancy and early
childhood (hence ‘first’ or ‘native’) and
generally within the family (hence ‘mother
tongue’). English is taught to the native
speakers of English, as their national
language, like in Great Britain, USA,
Australia, and New Zealand.

5. TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (TESL)2a
ESL is used to describe English teaching
that occurs in countries: USA, Canada,
Great Britain, Australia and New
Zealand where the first language of most
people is English.
 ESL refers to the teaching of those
students for whom English is not a first
language.

6. TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (TESL)2b
In countries: India, Singapore, Fiji, Nigeria and Kenya, ESL
has a slightly different meaning. English is not a native
language in those countries, but it is widely used as a medium
of communication alongside another language or languages in
those countries.
English has a status and recognized function as a second
official language that is taught and learned in schools.
English is the language of official institution- of law, courts,
local and central government- and of education.
English is needed for full participation in the political and
economic life of the nation, as well as for education.
English is the language of the mass media (newspapers, radio
and television are largely English mass media).

7. TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (TESL)2c
• Vocational English (VESL) grew out of adult education ESL
programs that determined the need for programs that are more
particularly focused on work place skills.
• VESL developed to meet the needs of ESL students who
planned on entering the workforce or who found employment
and needed English skills to help them obtain other jobs or
perform more effectively in their current positions.
• VESL programs may focus on skills needed in the work
place, depending on the needs of the work place, for example
- focus on clerical skills, computer skills, safety precautions,
or the ability to communicate with coworkers.
• Some VESL programs may focus on job-entry skills such as
filling out job applications and interviewing.

8. TEACHING ENGLISH FOR
SPEAKERS/STUDENTS OF OTHER
LANGUAGES (TESOL)
 Emigrant students from different nations with different
native language pursuing their studies in a country where
English is native are taught English to be able to operate
successfully within that community, and the teaching is
described as Teaching English for Speakers/Students of
Other Languages.
 To cater the meanings –ESL, EFL, and EIL, we use the
term English for Speakers/Students of Other Languages
(ESOL), that is by looking at the way EFL students use
English in a global context, especially with the internet,
we should consider that they are in fact living in a virtual
global target-language community and so they might be
thought as ESL students instead!
3

9. TEACHING ENGLISH AS AN INTERNATIONAL
LANGUAGE (TEIL)
 Teaching English for wider communication within a
country and among peoples of the world particularly
for educational, commercial and political purposes is
often referred to as Teaching English as an
International Language.
 As a language of international communication,
English is the most widely used international language,
especially with the internet.
4

10. TEACHING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN
LANGUAGE (TEFL)
EFL is used to describe English teaching that occurs in
countries in which English is neither the native language
nor the second language in the countries.
As a foreign language, English is taught as a school
subject , often widely, but it does not serve as a medium
of instruction in schools nor as a language of
communication within a country ( in government,
business, or industries).
English is described as a foreign language in countries,
like China, France, Indonesia, and Japan.
The students learn English so that they can use it when
traveling or communicating with other people, from
whatever country, who also speak English.
5

11. LANGUAGE POLICY AND LANGUAGE STATUS
IN INDONESIA
6
The language policy in Indonesia classifies languages
into three groups according to their status:
National language : Bahasa Indonesia
(Indonesian Language)
Indigenous or local languages: such as Bahasa Bugis,
Bahasa Jawa, Bahasa Makassar, and hundreds more,
only a few to mention
Foreign languages: all languages other than Bahasa Indonesia
and the indigenous languages in Indonesia are foreign
languages, such as, Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Dutch, and
English.
2
3
1

12. LANGUAGE TEACHING POLICY IN INDONESIA
1.Teaching Bahasa Indonesia as a national
language and as a unifying force
2. Teaching indigenous /local languages as
cultural pride
Language Teaching Policy
in Indonesia
3. Teaching foreign languages
7

13. FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING
IN INDONESIA
Teaching foreign
languages in
Indonesia
8
Any language teaching but the
teaching of Bahasa Indonesia and of
local languages is recognized as a
foreign language teaching: such as
the Teaching of Arabic, of Bengali, of
Chinese, of Dutch, and of English.

14. TEACHING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
IN INDONESIA (TEFLIN)
 The teaching of English in Indonesia
is recognized and described as
Teaching English as a Foreign
Language (TEFL), NOT as a Second
Language.
 The aim of teaching English in
Indonesia is to acquire good
competence and performance of the
language for academic and
international communication
purposes.
Teaching English in
Indonesia
9

15. ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (EFL)
USED AS A MODIFIER
1
0
The term EFL (English as a Foreign Language)
is often used to modify such other terms as:
 EFL teachers
 EFL students
 EFL materials
 EFL curriculum
 EFL syllabus
 EFL Lesson Plan, and
 EFL classroom

16. REASONS FOR LEARNING ENGLISH
1. School Curriculum
1
2. English for General Purposes (EGP)
3. English for Specific/Special Purposes (ESP)
4. Advancement/Promotion
5. Reputation
6. Target-Language Community
7. To kill the Time

17. SCHOOL CURRICULUM1
1. English is a school subject which is imperatively taught
in Indonesian secondary schools.
2. The students have to study English because it is one of the
school subjects tested nationwide that they must pass
successfully to complete their study in secondary schools.

18. ENGLISH FOR GENERAL PURPOSES (EGP)2
2. Many other people learn English because they believe that
it will be useful for international communication and
traveling.
1. Many people learn English because they want to be able
to use it (listening, speaking, reading, and writing)
effectively for wherever and whenever this might be
useful for them.

19. ENGLISH FOR SPECIAL/SPECIFIC PURPOSES (ESP)3
1. Many people learn English for specific/special purposes, for
example, English for tourism, English for banking, English for
nursing, English for business.
2. Other people learn English for Occupational Purposes (EOP), for
example, English for Air Traffic Controllers, English for Airline
Pilots, English for Secretaries, English for Hotel Staff, English for
Waiters, and English for Telephonists;
3. Others learn English for Academic purposes (EAP) in order to
study at an English speaking university or college; or because
they need to access English language academic texts; or they
need to write or present article in international level; or they need
to pursue on certain discipline or science – English for Science
and Technology (EST).

20. ADVANCEMENT/PROMOTION4
Many people are serious to learn English for
their advancement or promotion in their
career because the institution in which they
work put English as a requirement to get a
higher/better position.

21. REPUTATION/PRESTIGE5
1. An expert who is able to disseminate his ideas,
concepts, research findings in English (international
level) is considered to be more prestigious than the
one who can only do it in local level.
2. Fluency and accuracy in speaking English particularly
in Indonesian context seems to be a symbol for labeling
the educated elite in Indonesia.

22. TARGET - LANGUAGE COMMUNITY6
2. Many people learn English because they do not
have any other choices - they live in the target-
language community where no other languages but
English is used.
1. A target language community is a country where
English is the national language – e.g. Great
Britain, USA, Australia, and New Zealand.

23. TO KILL THE TIME7
 To certain people, being busy becomes a
parameter of leading a meaningful life.
 Many people feel rather meaningless if they have
ample spare time.
 People spend their ample spare time for activities
such as learning English, either seriously or just
to have a passing acquaintance with somebody or
something, or to experience a new situation.
 They learn English to kill the time.

24. WHAT ARE YOUR REASONS FOR
LEARNING ENGLISH?
Taking-home assignment:
Write down your reasons for learning English, and
your most impressive learning English experience!
Submission Time:
Second Meeting – before the session is over.

25. DO YOU NEED VARIATION IN
LEARNING ENGLISH?
At present, Grammar approaches lend themselves well to
computer programs, commonly called Computer Assisted
Language Learning (CALL). A number of recent ESL
grammar text books now have accompanying CDs and Web
sites. The available grammar practice software includes the
following:
 English on call, McGraw-Hill Contemporary
 ESL fitness, Merit Soft ware
 ESL picture grammar, available from Audio-Forum
 Focus on grammar CD-ROM, Longman
 Grammar 3D: Contextualized practice for learners of
English, Heinle & Heinle
 The grammar cracker, Miller Educational Materials
 Let’s go, Miller Educational Materials
 Rosetta stone, Fairfield Technologies
 Verbcon, Audio-Forum
 Many others