Presentation for Venezuelan History class about the liberation of the countries south of Venezuela and Colombia

1. Southern Liberation

2. Argentina After British invasion, the viceroy flees and the Creole militia expel the intruders on their own Autonomous government was created Conflict between the Royalists and the Patriot bring Jose de San Martin, currently part of the Spanish forces, back to Argentina

3. Argentina Manuel Belgrano led the Patriotic forces until 1813 when he is defeated in Bolivia He is then replaced by San Martin who tries but fails to defeat the Spanish troops He concluded it would be impossible to free Latin America while the Spanish ruled Peru April 16 th 1816 King Ferdinand VII was back in the Spanish throne Representatives from all the province held a meeting The Full Independence of Argentina was Declared However, the war in Argentina did not stop until the last Spanish garrison was defeated in the Battle of Ayacucho

4. Chile On September 18 th 1810, Chile established their own independent government due to absence of Spanish Monarchy 1811-1814 The Conservative party, led by president Jose Miguel Carrera, and The Liberal party, led by Bernardo O'Higgins, plunged into civil war The Spanish royalists from Peru took advantage of this and reconquered Chile During the Reconquista (1814-1817) many patriots including O'Higgins fled the country

5. Chile During his exile in Argentina, O'Higgins joined forces with San Martin Battle of Chacabuco February 12 1817 San Martin's army defeated the Spaniards with a daring assault over the Andes Battle of Maipu April 5 th 1818 Last Spanish forces were defeated Chile gained its formal independence

6. Peru Royalist Territory Uprisings in Upper Peru were suppressed Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II November 4 th 1780-April 5 th 1781 Financed by Criollos Indigenous Noble

7. Peru Jose Francisco de San Martin Arrived: September 8, 1820 Army: 4000 soldiers Viceroy moved to the mountains leaving Lima at the mercy of the Patriots San Martin entered the capital on June 6 th 1821, and proclaimed the independence of Peru on July the 8 th On July 1822, held a meeting with Bolivar in Guayaquil On September of the same year he abandoned Peru

8. Peru Simon Bolivar Arrived: September 1 st 1823 Organized the Peruvian Army Battle of Junin August 6 th , 1824 Spaniards were defeated Battle of Ayacucho December 9 th 1824 Led by Antonio Jose de Sucre Viceroy was injured and captured He signed the capitulation Birth of Peru as a country

9. Bolivia July 18 th 1809 Criollos and Mestizos were involved Declared the Independence of Upper Peru Rebellion of Pedro Domingo Murillo During the following seven years Upper Peru became the battleground for the Independent Argentine Forces and the Royalist Forces of Peru By 1817, Upper Peru was under the control of Lima

10. Bolivia After the Battle of Ayacucho, Royalist Forces Surrendered Royalist Rebellion of Pedro Antonio O lañeta On April 1 st 1825 Sucre defeated his forces O lañeta was killed in battle by his own men Sucre declared Upper Peru's independence The country changed its name to “Bolivar” and later became “Bolivia

11. Ecuador Junta de Guayaquil October 1820 Jose Joaquin Olmedo declared the independence of Ecuador and asked for the support of Bolivar and San Martin

12. Ecuador Bolivar and San Martin heeded his call for help Both sent skilled troops with some of their best soldier Antonio Jose de Sucre led both the Ecuadorian and the foreign armies to several consecutive victories Battle of Pichincha May 24 th 1822 The Patriotic forces were victorious Hours after the battle Sucre received the formal capitulatio of the Real Audiencia de Quito Ecuador gained its independence

13. Sources Wikipedia-Peru Independece of Peru Wikipedia-Ecuador Ecuador: The Struggles for Independence Wikipedia-Bolivia Bolivia: The Struggles for Independence Wikipedia-Chile Chile: Wars of Independence Wikipedia-Argentina History of Argentina