2. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
•CHARLES EDOUARD JEANNERET NOW POPULARLYCHARLES EDOUARD JEANNERET NOW POPULARLY
KNOWN AS LE CORBUSIERKNOWN AS LE CORBUSIER
•BORN ON 6BORN ON 6thth
OF OCTOBER’ 1887 AT LA CHAUX DE FONDSOF OCTOBER’ 1887 AT LA CHAUX DE FONDS
IN SWISSJURA MOUNTAINS 4 KMS FROM FRENCHIN SWISSJURA MOUNTAINS 4 KMS FROM FRENCH
BORDERBORDER
•HE STARTED WORKING UNDER CONTRACTER PERRET,HE STARTED WORKING UNDER CONTRACTER PERRET,
LE CORBUSIER’S SO CALLED MASTERLE CORBUSIER’S SO CALLED MASTER
•HE AS A CHILD PREPARED HIMSELF FOR A MANUALHE AS A CHILD PREPARED HIMSELF FOR A MANUAL
OCCUPATIONOCCUPATION
•HE LEFT HIS SCHOOL AT THE AGE OF 13½ YRSHE LEFT HIS SCHOOL AT THE AGE OF 13½ YRS
•JOINED AN ART SCHOOL LATERJOINED AN ART SCHOOL LATER
4. THE PILOTISTHE PILOTIS
• PILOTIS MEANS COLUMNSPILOTIS MEANS COLUMNS
• IT HELPED TO REDEFINE THE HOUSE AS AIT HELPED TO REDEFINE THE HOUSE AS A
MATTER OF FORM AND FUNCTIONMATTER OF FORM AND FUNCTION
• REINFORCED CONCRETE GAVE US THE PILOTISREINFORCED CONCRETE GAVE US THE PILOTIS
• IT RAISED THE BUILDING IN THE AIR, FAR FROMIT RAISED THE BUILDING IN THE AIR, FAR FROM
THE SOIL, WITH GARDENS STRETCHINGTHE SOIL, WITH GARDENS STRETCHING
BENEATH THE BUILDINGBENEATH THE BUILDING
• FOR E.G VILLA SAVOYE,POISSY IN FRANCE INFOR E.G VILLA SAVOYE,POISSY IN FRANCE IN
19291929
• PILOTIS USUALLY SERVED AS AN ELEMENT OFPILOTIS USUALLY SERVED AS AN ELEMENT OF
DRAMATIZATION AND VISUAL ISOLATIONDRAMATIZATION AND VISUAL ISOLATION PILOTIS
5. THE ROOF GARDENTHE ROOF GARDEN
• USUALLY KNOWN AS HANGINGUSUALLY KNOWN AS HANGING
GARDENGARDEN
• FIRST REALIZATION OF THIS IDEA WASFIRST REALIZATION OF THIS IDEA WAS
IN THE SMALL HOUSE THAT THEIN THE SMALL HOUSE THAT THE
ARCHITECT BUILT FOR HIS PARENTSARCHITECT BUILT FOR HIS PARENTS
ON LAKE GENEVA IN 1923 ISON LAKE GENEVA IN 1923 IS
DESCRIBED IN A HYMNAL TONEDESCRIBED IN A HYMNAL TONE
• REINFORCED CONCRETE MADE THEREINFORCED CONCRETE MADE THE
STRUCTURALLY HOMOGENOUS ROOFSTRUCTURALLY HOMOGENOUS ROOF
POSSIBLEPOSSIBLE
• REASON OF TECHNIQUE, ECONOMYREASON OF TECHNIQUE, ECONOMY
AND COMFORT LEAD TO THEAND COMFORT LEAD TO THE
ADOPTION OF THE ROOF TERRACEADOPTION OF THE ROOF TERRACE
AND THE ROOF GARDENAND THE ROOF GARDEN
• THE ROOF GARDEN OFTEN EQUIPPEDTHE ROOF GARDEN OFTEN EQUIPPED
FOR SPORTS, EMULATES THEFOR SPORTS, EMULATES THE
‘CONDITION OF NATURE’ IN HUMAN‘CONDITION OF NATURE’ IN HUMAN
HABITATHABITAT
ROOF
GARDEN
6. THE FLOOR PLANTHE FLOOR PLAN
• REINFORCED CONCRETE BROUGHT THEREINFORCED CONCRETE BROUGHT THE
INNOVATION OF THE FREE PLAN IN WHICHINNOVATION OF THE FREE PLAN IN WHICH
THE INTERIORS WERE NO LONGER THETHE INTERIORS WERE NO LONGER THE
RIGIDLY DETERMINED BY THE STRUCTURALRIGIDLY DETERMINED BY THE STRUCTURAL
WALLS , THEY HAD BECOME FREEWALLS , THEY HAD BECOME FREE
• IN PARIS, THE PRINCIPLE HAD BEENIN PARIS, THE PRINCIPLE HAD BEEN
BEAUTIFULLY DEMONSTRATED BY PERRET’SBEAUTIFULLY DEMONSTRATED BY PERRET’S
APARTMENT HOUSEAPARTMENT HOUSE
• LE CORBUISER SUGGESTED A COMPLETELE CORBUISER SUGGESTED A COMPLETE
INDEPENDENCE OF STRUCTURAL SUPPORTINDEPENDENCE OF STRUCTURAL SUPPORT
ARCHITECTURAL “INFILL”ARCHITECTURAL “INFILL”
• HE USED SLIDING WALLS THAT DIVIDED THEHE USED SLIDING WALLS THAT DIVIDED THE
LIVING ROOM INTO THREE BEDROOMS ATLIVING ROOM INTO THREE BEDROOMS AT
NIGHTNIGHT
7. THE ELONGATED WINDOWTHE ELONGATED WINDOW
• LE CORBUSIER’S OBSESSION WITH THELE CORBUSIER’S OBSESSION WITH THE
FORM OF THE FACADE LONG WINDOWSFORM OF THE FACADE LONG WINDOWS
THAT IS TOTALLY INDEPENDENY OFTHAT IS TOTALLY INDEPENDENY OF
STRUCTURESTRUCTURE
• ITS NO SURPRISE THAT THE ARCHITECTITS NO SURPRISE THAT THE ARCHITECT
ONCE AGAIN PRODUCED A SCIENTIFICONCE AGAIN PRODUCED A SCIENTIFIC
DEMONSTRATION IN ORDER TO PROVEDEMONSTRATION IN ORDER TO PROVE
THE SUPERIORITY OF THE NEW WINDOWTHE SUPERIORITY OF THE NEW WINDOW
TYPETYPE
• FOR EXAMPLE , ON AN INTIMATE SCALEFOR EXAMPLE , ON AN INTIMATE SCALE
ON THE UPPER FLOOR OF THE VILLAON THE UPPER FLOOR OF THE VILLA
VAUCRESSON AND IN THE JEANNERETVAUCRESSON AND IN THE JEANNERET
HOUSE ON LAKE GENEVAHOUSE ON LAKE GENEVA
ELONGATED WINDOW
8. THE FREE FACADETHE FREE FACADE
• PILLARS RETREATED FROM THEPILLARS RETREATED FROM THE
FACADE TO THE INSIDE OF THE HOUSEFACADE TO THE INSIDE OF THE HOUSE
I.E THE FACADE BECAME NO MOREI.E THE FACADE BECAME NO MORE
THAN LIGHT MEMBRANETHAN LIGHT MEMBRANE
• CONSIST OF ISOLATING EALLS ORCONSIST OF ISOLATING EALLS OR
WINDOWSWINDOWS
• FACADE WAS NOW FREE AND THEFACADE WAS NOW FREE AND THE
WINDOWS COULD EXTEND WITHOUTWINDOWS COULD EXTEND WITHOUT
INTERRUPTION FRON ONE END TO THEINTERRUPTION FRON ONE END TO THE
OTHER.OTHER.
• THE REAL MOTIVATION FOR IT WAS LETHE REAL MOTIVATION FOR IT WAS LE
CORBUSIER’S URGE TO BRING HISCORBUSIER’S URGE TO BRING HIS
OLYMPIAN STATEMENTS TO THEOLYMPIAN STATEMENTS TO THE
NUMBERNUMBER FIVEFIVE
9. THE MODULARTHE MODULAR
• THE MODULAR WAS A SYSTEM OFTHE MODULAR WAS A SYSTEM OF
PROPORTIONINGWORKED OUT BYPROPORTIONINGWORKED OUT BY
LELE
CORBUSIERESSENTIALLY THECORBUSIERESSENTIALLY THE
MODULAR IS AMODULAR IS A
SERIES OF PROPORTIONSSERIES OF PROPORTIONS
NOT UNLIKE THENOT UNLIKE THE
GOLDEN SECTION USED BY ANCIENTGOLDEN SECTION USED BY ANCIENT
GREEKS.GREEKS.
• BASED ON THE MEASUREMENTS OF ABASED ON THE MEASUREMENTS OF A
SIX- FOOT MAN IN VARIOUS POSITIONS,SIX- FOOT MAN IN VARIOUS POSITIONS,
STANDING SITTING, LYING DOWN ETC.STANDING SITTING, LYING DOWN ETC.
TWO SERIES OF MEASUREMENTSTWO SERIES OF MEASUREMENTS
10. IMPORTANT WORKSIMPORTANT WORKS
VILLA SAVOYE,1929VILLA SAVOYE,1929
PALACE OF LEAGUE OF NATIONS,GENEVA,1927PALACE OF LEAGUE OF NATIONS,GENEVA,1927
SWISS STUDENTS HOSTEL CITE UNIVERSITAIRE PARIS,1930-32SWISS STUDENTS HOSTEL CITE UNIVERSITAIRE PARIS,1930-32
THE MODULAR,1945THE MODULAR,1945
MRS MANORAMA SARABHAIS HOUSE,AHMEDABAD,1954MRS MANORAMA SARABHAIS HOUSE,AHMEDABAD,1954
SHODAN HOUSE AHMEDABAD,1956SHODAN HOUSE AHMEDABAD,1956
MILLOWNERS ASSOCIATION AHMEDABAD,1954MILLOWNERS ASSOCIATION AHMEDABAD,1954
CHAPEL OF NOTRE-DAME RONCHAMP,1950-55CHAPEL OF NOTRE-DAME RONCHAMP,1950-55
UNITED D’ HABITATION MARSEILLES,1946-52UNITED D’ HABITATION MARSEILLES,1946-52
MUSEUM,AHMEDABAD,1954-57MUSEUM,AHMEDABAD,1954-57
CHANDIGARH,1951CHANDIGARH,1951
12. • VILLA SAVOYE IS RELATED TO THE WHOLE RANGE OF LE CORBUSIER’S ARCHITECTUREVILLA SAVOYE IS RELATED TO THE WHOLE RANGE OF LE CORBUSIER’S ARCHITECTURE
AND URBAN PLANNINGAND URBAN PLANNING
• IT IS SITUATED ON SMOOTHLY SLOPING HILL TOP IN MIDST OF FIELDSIT IS SITUATED ON SMOOTHLY SLOPING HILL TOP IN MIDST OF FIELDS
• IT ILLUSTRATES WITH EXTREME CLARITY AND IS PERHAPS THE MOST FAITHFUL IN ITSIT ILLUSTRATES WITH EXTREME CLARITY AND IS PERHAPS THE MOST FAITHFUL IN ITS
OBSERVATION OF HI FIVE POINTS I.E PILOTIS, ROOF GARDEN, FREE FLOOR PLAN ,OBSERVATION OF HI FIVE POINTS I.E PILOTIS, ROOF GARDEN, FREE FLOOR PLAN ,
ELONGATED WINDOW, AND FREE FAÇADEELONGATED WINDOW, AND FREE FAÇADE
• COLUMNS OF THE BUILDINGS ARE DEFINED BY A SYSTEM OF WALLS INDEPENDENT OFCOLUMNS OF THE BUILDINGS ARE DEFINED BY A SYSTEM OF WALLS INDEPENDENT OF
STRUCTURESTRUCTURE
• ENTRY TO THE PROPERTY IS THROUGH A GATE AT ONE END OF HIGHENTRY TO THE PROPERTY IS THROUGH A GATE AT ONE END OF HIGH STONE WALLSTONE WALL
• THERE IS SMALL GATE KEEPER’S LODGE AT THE ENTRANCETHERE IS SMALL GATE KEEPER’S LODGE AT THE ENTRANCE
• THE MAIN PORTION OF THE HOUSE IS RAISED ON THE COLUMNS WHICH ARE SET ONTHE MAIN PORTION OF THE HOUSE IS RAISED ON THE COLUMNS WHICH ARE SET ON
GRASS PLANEGRASS PLANE
• SECOND LEVEL WITH OPEN GARDEN TERRACE, AS THE EXTENTION OF THE MAINSECOND LEVEL WITH OPEN GARDEN TERRACE, AS THE EXTENTION OF THE MAIN
ROOMS OF THE HOUSE IS LIFTED UPON COLUMNSROOMS OF THE HOUSE IS LIFTED UPON COLUMNS
• FROM THE HALL A TWO STAGE RAMP LEAD UP INTO THE LIVING AREAFROM THE HALL A TWO STAGE RAMP LEAD UP INTO THE LIVING AREA
• ROOMS ARE ARRANGED IN L- SHAPEDROOMS ARE ARRANGED IN L- SHAPED
• ABOUT 1/3ABOUT 1/3RDRD
OF THE SURFACE AREA IS OCCUPIED BY AN OPEN TERRACE ENCLOSED BYOF THE SURFACE AREA IS OCCUPIED BY AN OPEN TERRACE ENCLOSED BY
THE WALL OF THE HOUSETHE WALL OF THE HOUSE
• CORNER TO CORNER SLITS OF THE ELONGATED WINDOWS OFFERED A VIEW OF THECORNER TO CORNER SLITS OF THE ELONGATED WINDOWS OFFERED A VIEW OF THE
DISTANTS LANDSCAPEDISTANTS LANDSCAPE
• THE MOST STRIKING FEATURE OF THE VILLA IS RAMP WHICH LEAD A SIMPLE WALK ONTHE MOST STRIKING FEATURE OF THE VILLA IS RAMP WHICH LEAD A SIMPLE WALK ON
THE TERRACETHE TERRACE
13. • LIVING AREA OPENS ON THE SOUTH TO THE GARDEN THROUGH LARGELIVING AREA OPENS ON THE SOUTH TO THE GARDEN THROUGH LARGE
FLOOR TO CEILING SLIDING GLASS DOORSFLOOR TO CEILING SLIDING GLASS DOORS
• GROUND FLOOR IS A PERFECT SQAURE AND IS DEFINED AS ZONE OFGROUND FLOOR IS A PERFECT SQAURE AND IS DEFINED AS ZONE OF
MOTIONMOTION
• THE MINIMUM TURNING RADIUS OF AN AUTOMOBILE DETERMINED THETHE MINIMUM TURNING RADIUS OF AN AUTOMOBILE DETERMINED THE
RADIUS OF THE SEMI CIRCULAR GROUND FLOOR THAT CONTAINS ANRADIUS OF THE SEMI CIRCULAR GROUND FLOOR THAT CONTAINS AN
ELEGANT RECEPTION HALL, GARAGE AND THE SERVANT QUARTERSELEGANT RECEPTION HALL, GARAGE AND THE SERVANT QUARTERS
• FROM THE HALL A TWO STAGE RAMP LEAD UP INTO THE LIVING AREAFROM THE HALL A TWO STAGE RAMP LEAD UP INTO THE LIVING AREA
• ROOMS ARE ARRANGED IN L- SHAPEDROOMS ARE ARRANGED IN L- SHAPED
• ABOUT 1/3ABOUT 1/3RDRD
OF THE SURFACE AREA IS OCCUPIED BY AN OPEN TERRACEOF THE SURFACE AREA IS OCCUPIED BY AN OPEN TERRACE
ENCLOSED BY THE WALL OF THE HOUSEENCLOSED BY THE WALL OF THE HOUSE
• CORNER TO CORNER SLITS OF THE ELONGATED WINDOWS OFFERED ACORNER TO CORNER SLITS OF THE ELONGATED WINDOWS OFFERED A
VIEW OF THE DISTANTS LANDSCAPEVIEW OF THE DISTANTS LANDSCAPE
• THE MOST STRIKING FEATURE OF THE VILLA IS RAMP WHICH LEAD ATHE MOST STRIKING FEATURE OF THE VILLA IS RAMP WHICH LEAD A
SIMPLE WALK ON THE TERRACESIMPLE WALK ON THE TERRACE
17. UNITE D’ HABITATIONUNITE D’ HABITATION
• IT WAS THE TIME WHEN EUROPE WAS RISING FROM THE SMOULDERINGIT WAS THE TIME WHEN EUROPE WAS RISING FROM THE SMOULDERING
FUNERAL PYRE OF AND ITS NEWLY LIBERATED PEOPLE WERE TOFUNERAL PYRE OF AND ITS NEWLY LIBERATED PEOPLE WERE TO
ESTABLISH SOME PROGRAMME DIRECTION OF NEW LIFEESTABLISH SOME PROGRAMME DIRECTION OF NEW LIFE
• LE CORBUSIER HAD A REVOLUTIONARY EVENT, SUN, SPACE ANDLE CORBUSIER HAD A REVOLUTIONARY EVENT, SUN, SPACE AND
GREENERY WAS DEVELOPED HERE.GREENERY WAS DEVELOPED HERE.
• TO UNDERSTAND THE CHANGE OF MIND OF YHE PEOPLE AROUNDTO UNDERSTAND THE CHANGE OF MIND OF YHE PEOPLE AROUND
• IT WAS LE CORBUSIER’S BEST CONTRIBUTION TO A MODERNIT WAS LE CORBUSIER’S BEST CONTRIBUTION TO A MODERN
TYPOLOGY OF SOCIAL HOUSINGTYPOLOGY OF SOCIAL HOUSING
• THE BUILDING US SITUATED ON 9 ACRE SITE ON THE OUTSKIRTS OFTHE BUILDING US SITUATED ON 9 ACRE SITE ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF
MARSEILLEMARSEILLE
• IT HAS AN EAST WEST ORIENTATIONIT HAS AN EAST WEST ORIENTATION
• IT IS 450’ LONG, 80’ WIDE AMD 185’ HIGHIT IS 450’ LONG, 80’ WIDE AMD 185’ HIGH
• IT FOLLOOWS THE THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF LE CORBUSIER’SIT FOLLOOWS THE THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF LE CORBUSIER’S
LOGIC OF CONSTRUCTIONLOGIC OF CONSTRUCTION
• 4 LIFTS EACH WITH A CAPACITY OF 20 TRAVELLING WITH A SPEED AT4 LIFTS EACH WITH A CAPACITY OF 20 TRAVELLING WITH A SPEED AT
40 FT PER SECOND.40 FT PER SECOND.
18. • IT HAS SKELETON OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AND REST ONIT HAS SKELETON OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AND REST ON
POWERFUL PILLARS WHICH LEAVS THE GROUND FREEPOWERFUL PILLARS WHICH LEAVS THE GROUND FREE
• ALL PIPING PASSES THROUGH THESE PILLARS (PILOTIS)ALL PIPING PASSES THROUGH THESE PILLARS (PILOTIS)
• ALL APARTMENTS ARE BUILT IN TWO LEVELSALL APARTMENTS ARE BUILT IN TWO LEVELS
• THE NORTHEN FAÇADE IS BLANK, WHILE THE OTHER FACADES ARETHE NORTHEN FAÇADE IS BLANK, WHILE THE OTHER FACADES ARE
ANIMATED WITH GLASS WALLS AND SUNBREAK LOGGIAS OF LIVINGANIMATED WITH GLASS WALLS AND SUNBREAK LOGGIAS OF LIVING
AREAAREA
• THE PLAN IS NOT COMPLETELY FREE ; THE PARTITION WALLSTHE PLAN IS NOT COMPLETELY FREE ; THE PARTITION WALLS
BETWEEN THE APARTMENTS ARE LOAD BEARINGBETWEEN THE APARTMENTS ARE LOAD BEARING
• STRONG SOUND PROOFING BETWEEN APARTMENTSSTRONG SOUND PROOFING BETWEEN APARTMENTS
• IT IS 9 STOREYS HIGHIT IS 9 STOREYS HIGH
• THEY ARE DIVIDED INTO TWENTY THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OFTHEY ARE DIVIDED INTO TWENTY THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF
APARTMENTSAPARTMENTS
• 337 APARTMENTS IN ALL337 APARTMENTS IN ALL
• RECREATIONAL ROOMS ARE ON THE ROOFRECREATIONAL ROOMS ARE ON THE ROOF
19. • THE LIVING ROOM HAS DOUBLE HEIGHT OF 16’ AND GLASSTHE LIVING ROOM HAS DOUBLE HEIGHT OF 16’ AND GLASS
WALL OF 12’ X 16’WALL OF 12’ X 16’
• OTHER ROOMS ARE 8’ HIGHOTHER ROOMS ARE 8’ HIGH
• THE TERRACE ROOF HAS BEEN PROVIDED WITH NUMBER OFTHE TERRACE ROOF HAS BEEN PROVIDED WITH NUMBER OF
FACILITIES FOR COLLECTIVE USE : DAY NURSERY,FACILITIES FOR COLLECTIVE USE : DAY NURSERY,
KINDERGARTEN, GYMNASIUM FOR ADULTS , OPEN AIRKINDERGARTEN, GYMNASIUM FOR ADULTS , OPEN AIR
THEATER,AND THREE HUNDRED METER RACE TRACKTHEATER,AND THREE HUNDRED METER RACE TRACK
• CONCRETE IS USED AS NOBLE MATERIALCONCRETE IS USED AS NOBLE MATERIAL
• FEW DISADVANTAGES OF THIS BUILDING ARE AS FOLLOW:FEW DISADVANTAGES OF THIS BUILDING ARE AS FOLLOW:
• THE FOREST OF PILOTIS ON THE GROUND FLOOR IS SIMPLYTHE FOREST OF PILOTIS ON THE GROUND FLOOR IS SIMPLY
LUGUBRIOUSLUGUBRIOUS
• THE INDIVIDUAL CELLS ARE TOO NARROWTHE INDIVIDUAL CELLS ARE TOO NARROW
• SHOPPING STREET IS TOO LARGE COMPARED TO THE SIZE OFSHOPPING STREET IS TOO LARGE COMPARED TO THE SIZE OF
BUILDINGBUILDING
HE IMLEMENTED MOST OF HIS RADICAL IDEAS.
IT HAD A ROUGH CONCRETE FINISH TO THE COMPLEX.
20. HUGE PILOTIS
LEAVING THE
GROUND FREE CONCRETE AS NOBLE MATERIAL
DOUBLE HEIGHT LIVING ROOM WITH
GLASS WALL
GLASS WALL OF 12’ X 16’
DOUBLE HEIGHT
BALCONIES TOO
23. • NOTRE-DAM-DU-HAUT IS SITUATED ON SOURTHEN FOOTHILLS OF THENOTRE-DAM-DU-HAUT IS SITUATED ON SOURTHEN FOOTHILLS OF THE
VOSAGESVOSAGES
• LE CORBUSIER TACKLED THE PROBLEM FIRST OF ALL AS A MATTER OF “PURE”LE CORBUSIER TACKLED THE PROBLEM FIRST OF ALL AS A MATTER OF “PURE”
SPACESPACE
• IN THIS CONTEXT, LE CORBUSIER HIMSELF SPOKE OF LANDSCAPE ACOUSTICSIN THIS CONTEXT, LE CORBUSIER HIMSELF SPOKE OF LANDSCAPE ACOUSTICS
THUS CREATING AN ECHO IN THE HALLTHUS CREATING AN ECHO IN THE HALL
• THE FORM HE FINALLY CAME UP WITH EQUAL JUSTICE TO THE PRACTICLETHE FORM HE FINALLY CAME UP WITH EQUAL JUSTICE TO THE PRACTICLE
PURPOSE OF SANCTUARY AND THE EVOCATIVE CHALLENGE OF THE LANDPURPOSE OF SANCTUARY AND THE EVOCATIVE CHALLENGE OF THE LAND
• IT IS COVERED WITH MUSHROOM SHAPED ROOFIT IS COVERED WITH MUSHROOM SHAPED ROOF
• FOLLOWING THE SHAPE OF HILL , THE NAVE OF THE CHURCH IS INCLINEDFOLLOWING THE SHAPE OF HILL , THE NAVE OF THE CHURCH IS INCLINED
TOWARDS EASTTOWARDS EAST
• THE ROOF IS INDEPENDENT OF WALLSTHE ROOF IS INDEPENDENT OF WALLS
• A THIN STRIP OF DAYLIGHT IS REVEALED BETWEEN THE CHAPEL WALLS ANDA THIN STRIP OF DAYLIGHT IS REVEALED BETWEEN THE CHAPEL WALLS AND
THE ROOFTHE ROOF
• IT CREATS A STRONG TENSION BETWEEN THE INDOORS AND OUT DOORSIT CREATS A STRONG TENSION BETWEEN THE INDOORS AND OUT DOORS
24. • THE MAIN HALL HAS A CAPACITY OF 200THE MAIN HALL HAS A CAPACITY OF 200
PEOPLEPEOPLE
• IT WAS THIS CHPEL THAT HE FIRSTIT WAS THIS CHPEL THAT HE FIRST
FORMULATED THE IDEA ARCHITECTURALLYFORMULATED THE IDEA ARCHITECTURALLY
IN THE FORM OF PERISCOPE LIGHT SHAFTSIN THE FORM OF PERISCOPE LIGHT SHAFTS
CAPTURING THE SUNLIGHT AND SPILLING ITCAPTURING THE SUNLIGHT AND SPILLING IT
OVER THE ALTARS OF THE THREE SIDEDOVER THE ALTARS OF THE THREE SIDED
CHAPELCHAPEL
• HE PLAYED WITH MASS AND VOID ON THEHE PLAYED WITH MASS AND VOID ON THE
EXTERIORS OF THE WALLSEXTERIORS OF THE WALLS
MASS VOID APPEARANCE
28. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
• SINCE PUNJAB EAS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS, THE CAPITAL WAS LEFTSINCE PUNJAB EAS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS, THE CAPITAL WAS LEFT
IN PAKISTAN THERE FORE PUNJAB IN INDIA REQUIRED NEW CAPITALIN PAKISTAN THERE FORE PUNJAB IN INDIA REQUIRED NEW CAPITAL
• LE CORBUSIER WAS APPROACHED BY PUNJAB GOVERNMENT AND THELE CORBUSIER WAS APPROACHED BY PUNJAB GOVERNMENT AND THE
PRIME MINISTER OF INDIAPRIME MINISTER OF INDIA
• CHANDIGARH IS A BOLD EXPERIMENT IN MODERN CIVIC DESIGNCHANDIGARH IS A BOLD EXPERIMENT IN MODERN CIVIC DESIGN
• CHANDIGARH HAS PROVOKED FRESH THINKING AND IN FACT SHOWNCHANDIGARH HAS PROVOKED FRESH THINKING AND IN FACT SHOWN
NEW WAY OF LIFENEW WAY OF LIFE
• MAXWELL FRY, JANE DREW AND PIERRE JEANNERET WERE ALSOMAXWELL FRY, JANE DREW AND PIERRE JEANNERET WERE ALSO
INVOLVED IN THE TEAM OF ARCHITECTSINVOLVED IN THE TEAM OF ARCHITECTS
• WHEN LE CORBUSIER ASSUMED CONTROL OF THE CHANDIGARHWHEN LE CORBUSIER ASSUMED CONTROL OF THE CHANDIGARH
PROJECT IN 1951, HOWEVER THE DESIGN OF THE CITY HAD ALREADYPROJECT IN 1951, HOWEVER THE DESIGN OF THE CITY HAD ALREADY
BEEN DEVISED BY THE NEW YORK FIRM OF MAYER, WHITTLESEY, ANDBEEN DEVISED BY THE NEW YORK FIRM OF MAYER, WHITTLESEY, AND
GLASS WHO RECEIVED A CONTRACT FOR THE MASTER PLAN OFGLASS WHO RECEIVED A CONTRACT FOR THE MASTER PLAN OF
CHANDIGARH IN 1950CHANDIGARH IN 1950
29. ALBERT MAYER THE MASTER PLANALBERT MAYER THE MASTER PLAN
• MAYER WAS THE FIRST ONE TO GET THE CHANDIGARH PROJECTMAYER WAS THE FIRST ONE TO GET THE CHANDIGARH PROJECT
• MATTHEW NOWICKI WAS INVITED TO JOIN THE STAFF ASSEMBLED TOMATTHEW NOWICKI WAS INVITED TO JOIN THE STAFF ASSEMBLED TO
PLAN CHANDIGARH.HIS DITIES WERE TO TAKE THE FORM OFPLAN CHANDIGARH.HIS DITIES WERE TO TAKE THE FORM OF
ARCHITECTURAL CONTROL.ARCHITECTURAL CONTROL.
• MAYER STATED THAT HE WAS TRYING TO CREATE SOMETHING”THATMAYER STATED THAT HE WAS TRYING TO CREATE SOMETHING”THAT
REALLY APPLIES TO WHAT WE HAVE TALKED ABOUT MUCH BUT WHICHREALLY APPLIES TO WHAT WE HAVE TALKED ABOUT MUCH BUT WHICH
HAS BEEN AT BEST DONE IN A LIMITED WAY IN RADBUBN,THEHAS BEEN AT BEST DONE IN A LIMITED WAY IN RADBUBN,THE
GREENBELT TOWNS AND BALDWIN HILLS.GREENBELT TOWNS AND BALDWIN HILLS.
• THE BASIC AIM,STATED MAYER,WAS A BEAUTIFUL CITY.THE BASIC AIM,STATED MAYER,WAS A BEAUTIFUL CITY.
• THE MASTER PLAN WHICH ALBERT MAYER PRODUCED FOR CHANDIGARHTHE MASTER PLAN WHICH ALBERT MAYER PRODUCED FOR CHANDIGARH
ASSUMES A FAN-SHAPED OUTLINE,SPREADING GENTLY TO FILL THEASSUMES A FAN-SHAPED OUTLINE,SPREADING GENTLY TO FILL THE
FILE THE SITE BETWEEN THE TWO RIVER BEDS.FILE THE SITE BETWEEN THE TWO RIVER BEDS.
• THE PROVINCIAL GOVT. BUILDINGS ARE LOCATED THE UPPER EDGE OFTHE PROVINCIAL GOVT. BUILDINGS ARE LOCATED THE UPPER EDGE OF
THE CITY WITHIN A FORK IN ONE OF THE RIVERS,WHILE THE CENTRALTHE CITY WITHIN A FORK IN ONE OF THE RIVERS,WHILE THE CENTRAL
BUSINESS DISTRICT OCCUPIES AN AREA NEAR THE CENTER.A CURVINGBUSINESS DISTRICT OCCUPIES AN AREA NEAR THE CENTER.A CURVING
NETWORK OF MAIN ROADS SURROUNDS THE RESIDENTIALNETWORK OF MAIN ROADS SURROUNDS THE RESIDENTIAL
SUPERBLOCKS,EACH OF WHICH CONTAINS A CENTRAL AREA OFSUPERBLOCKS,EACH OF WHICH CONTAINS A CENTRAL AREA OF
PARKLAND.PARKLAND.
30. • TWO LARGER PARKS MAY BE SEENTWO LARGER PARKS MAY BE SEEN STRETCHING THROUGH THESTRETCHING THROUGH THE
CITY.CITY.
• THE FLATNESS OF THE SITE ALLOWED ALMOST COMPLETETHE FLATNESS OF THE SITE ALLOWED ALMOST COMPLETE
FREEDOM IN CREATING STREET LAYOUT AND IT IS OF INTERESTFREEDOM IN CREATING STREET LAYOUT AND IT IS OF INTEREST
TO NOTE HAT THE OVERALL PATTERN DELIBERATELY AVOIDS ATO NOTE HAT THE OVERALL PATTERN DELIBERATELY AVOIDS A
GEOMETRIC GRID IN FAVOUR OF A LOOSELY CURVING SYSTEM.GEOMETRIC GRID IN FAVOUR OF A LOOSELY CURVING SYSTEM.
• THE DEATH OF NOWICKI NECESSITATED THE SELECTION OF ATHE DEATH OF NOWICKI NECESSITATED THE SELECTION OF A
NEW ARCHITECT FOR CHANDIGARH.NEW ARCHITECT FOR CHANDIGARH.
• IT WAS THE MINISTER OF PLANNING WHO SUGGISTED LE-IT WAS THE MINISTER OF PLANNING WHO SUGGISTED LE-
CORBUISER AND WHO ALSO RECOMMENDED THE INCLUSION OFCORBUISER AND WHO ALSO RECOMMENDED THE INCLUSION OF
PIERRE JEANNERET WHOM HE TERMED A’’ GOOD DETAIL MAN.’’PIERRE JEANNERET WHOM HE TERMED A’’ GOOD DETAIL MAN.’’
.
31. MASTER PLANMASTER PLAN
• IN 1951 IT WAS GIVEN TO LE CORBUSIERIN 1951 IT WAS GIVEN TO LE CORBUSIER
• IN CHANDIGARH LE CORBUSIER SYTEM OF SELF SUPPORTING NEIGHBORHOODIN CHANDIGARH LE CORBUSIER SYTEM OF SELF SUPPORTING NEIGHBORHOOD
UNIT KNOWN AS A SECTOR HAS WORKED VERY WELLUNIT KNOWN AS A SECTOR HAS WORKED VERY WELL
• SECTOR WHICH IS INTROVERTED IN CHARACTER COMMUNICATES ONLY AT 4SECTOR WHICH IS INTROVERTED IN CHARACTER COMMUNICATES ONLY AT 4
JUNCTIONS WITH THE ADJOINING NEIGHBOURHOOD UNITSJUNCTIONS WITH THE ADJOINING NEIGHBOURHOOD UNITS
• ALL THE HOUSES OPEN UP INSIDEALL THE HOUSES OPEN UP INSIDE
• GRID PLANNING IS DONEGRID PLANNING IS DONE
• CHANDIGARH PLANNING WAS DONE IN AN MANNER THAT EVERYTHING WASCHANDIGARH PLANNING WAS DONE IN AN MANNER THAT EVERYTHING WAS
EASILY CLEAR ABOUT THE ROUTES AND SECTORSEASILY CLEAR ABOUT THE ROUTES AND SECTORS
• CHANDIGARH UT IS SPREAD OVER AN AREA OF 114SQ KMS INCLUDINGCHANDIGARH UT IS SPREAD OVER AN AREA OF 114SQ KMS INCLUDING
MANIMAJRA AND BURAILMANIMAJRA AND BURAIL
33. THE 7V’STHE 7V’S
7 V’S ROAD SYSTEM IS USED7 V’S ROAD SYSTEM IS USED
•THE ROADS ARE CLASSIFIED AS V1 ,V2 ,V3………V7THE ROADS ARE CLASSIFIED AS V1 ,V2 ,V3………V7
•V1 CONNECTS CHANDIGARH TO OTHER CITIESV1 CONNECTS CHANDIGARH TO OTHER CITIES
•V2 ARE THE MAJOR AVENUES OF THE CITY E.G MADHYA MARG ETCV2 ARE THE MAJOR AVENUES OF THE CITY E.G MADHYA MARG ETC
•V3 ARE THE CORRIDORS STREETS FOR VEHICULAR TRAFFIC ONLYV3 ARE THE CORRIDORS STREETS FOR VEHICULAR TRAFFIC ONLY
•V4…..V7 ARE THE ROADS WITHIN THE SECTORSV4…..V7 ARE THE ROADS WITHIN THE SECTORS
•CHANDIGARH HAS BEEN PLANNED ON THE SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLESCHANDIGARH HAS BEEN PLANNED ON THE SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES
AND TO APPRISE THE COMING GENERATION OF THESE PRINCIPLESAND TO APPRISE THE COMING GENERATION OF THESE PRINCIPLES
•THE MAIN FEATURE OF THIS EDICT ARE ITS-THE MAIN FEATURE OF THIS EDICT ARE ITS-
HUMAN SCALEHUMAN SCALE
SELF SUFFICIENT SECTORSSELF SUFFICIENT SECTORS
ROADS SYSTEMROADS SYSTEM
AREAS OF SPECIAL INTERESTAREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST
ARCHITECTURAL CONTROLARCHITECTURAL CONTROL
34. THREE DISCIPLINESTHREE DISCIPLINES
• THE DISCIPLINE OF MONEYTHE DISCIPLINE OF MONEY
• LE CORBUISER ONCE REMARKED THAT”INDIA HASTHE TREASURES OF A PROUDLE CORBUISER ONCE REMARKED THAT”INDIA HASTHE TREASURES OF A PROUD
CULTURE,BUT HER COFFERS ARE EMPTY.” AND THROUGHOUT THE PROJECT THECULTURE,BUT HER COFFERS ARE EMPTY.” AND THROUGHOUT THE PROJECT THE
DESIRE FOR GRANDNESS WAS HAMPERED BY THE NEED FOR STRICT ECONOMY.DESIRE FOR GRANDNESS WAS HAMPERED BY THE NEED FOR STRICT ECONOMY.
• IN WORKING UP HIS DESIGNS,LE CORBUISER CONSULTED THE PROGRAM FOR EACHIN WORKING UP HIS DESIGNS,LE CORBUISER CONSULTED THE PROGRAM FOR EACH
BUILDING AS GIVEN IN THE BUDGET AND THEN PREPARED THE INITIAL PROJECT.BUILDING AS GIVEN IN THE BUDGET AND THEN PREPARED THE INITIAL PROJECT.
• THE DISCIPLINE OF TECHNOLOGYTHE DISCIPLINE OF TECHNOLOGY
• AVAILABLE IN QUANTITY,HOWEVER,WAS GOOD CLAY STONE AND SAND,AND,ABOVEAVAILABLE IN QUANTITY,HOWEVER,WAS GOOD CLAY STONE AND SAND,AND,ABOVE
ALL’HUMAN LABOUR.ALL’HUMAN LABOUR.
• THE MATERIALS OF WHICH CHANDIGARH HAS BEN CONSTRUCTED ARE ROUGHTHE MATERIALS OF WHICH CHANDIGARH HAS BEN CONSTRUCTED ARE ROUGH
CONCRETE IN THE CAPITOL COMPLEX AND THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT ANDCONCRETE IN THE CAPITOL COMPLEX AND THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT AND
FOR MOST OF THE CITY,ESPECIALLY IN HOUSING,LOCALLY PRODUCED BRICK.FOR MOST OF THE CITY,ESPECIALLY IN HOUSING,LOCALLY PRODUCED BRICK.
• THE DISCIPLINE OF CLIMATETHE DISCIPLINE OF CLIMATE
• BESIDES THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL REGULATONS THERE WAS A LAW OFBESIDES THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL REGULATONS THERE WAS A LAW OF
THE SUN IN INDIA.THE SUN IN INDIA.
• THE ARCHITECTURAL PROBLEM CONSISTS;FIRST TO MAKE SHADE,SECOND TO MAKE ATHE ARCHITECTURAL PROBLEM CONSISTS;FIRST TO MAKE SHADE,SECOND TO MAKE A
CURRENT OF AIR[TO VENTILATE],THIRD TO CONTROL HYDRAULICS.CURRENT OF AIR[TO VENTILATE],THIRD TO CONTROL HYDRAULICS.
35. THE SECTORTHE SECTOR
• TAKING CHANDIGARH AS AN EXAMPLE,WE MAY SEE AT ONCE THETAKING CHANDIGARH AS AN EXAMPLE,WE MAY SEE AT ONCE THE
DEMOCRATIC IDEA WHICH ALLOWS US TO DEVOTE AN EQUAL CARE TODEMOCRATIC IDEA WHICH ALLOWS US TO DEVOTE AN EQUAL CARE TO
HOUSING ALL CLASSES OF SOCIETY TO SEK NEW SOCIAL GROUPINGS,HOUSING ALL CLASSES OF SOCIETY TO SEK NEW SOCIAL GROUPINGS,
NEW PATTERNS OF EDUCATION AND PUBLIC WELFARE,AND MADENEW PATTERNS OF EDUCATION AND PUBLIC WELFARE,AND MADE
MORE POSSIBLE BY PRACTICAL APLICATOIN OF THE SCIENTIFIC IDEAMORE POSSIBLE BY PRACTICAL APLICATOIN OF THE SCIENTIFIC IDEA
WHICH THROUGH INDUSTRIALISM,GIVES US SUCH BENEFITS AS PIPEDWHICH THROUGH INDUSTRIALISM,GIVES US SUCH BENEFITS AS PIPED
WATER,ELECRICITY AND CHEAP TRANSPORT.WATER,ELECRICITY AND CHEAP TRANSPORT.
• EACH SECTOR IS DESIGNATED BY NUMBER,THE CAPITAL COMPLEXEACH SECTOR IS DESIGNATED BY NUMBER,THE CAPITAL COMPLEX
BEING NUMBER 1,WITH THE REMAINING SECTORS NUMBEREDBEING NUMBER 1,WITH THE REMAINING SECTORS NUMBERED
CONSECUTIVELY BEGINNING AT THE NORTH CORNER OF THE CITY.CONSECUTIVELY BEGINNING AT THE NORTH CORNER OF THE CITY.
• AT PRESENT THERE ARE 30 SECTORS IN CHANDIGARH,OF WHICH 24AT PRESENT THERE ARE 30 SECTORS IN CHANDIGARH,OF WHICH 24
ARE RESIDENTIAL.ARE RESIDENTIAL.
• THE SECTORS AT THE UPPER EDGE OF THE CITY ARE OF ABBREVIATEDTHE SECTORS AT THE UPPER EDGE OF THE CITY ARE OF ABBREVIATED
SIZE.SIZE.
36. • IN ALL TYPE OF HOUSING ,PARTLY BECAUSE OF THEIN ALL TYPE OF HOUSING ,PARTLY BECAUSE OF THE
GLAZING EXPENSE,PARTLY TO KEEP OUT SUN.GLAZING EXPENSE,PARTLY TO KEEP OUT SUN.
• AS THE MOST ECONOMICAL AND READILY AVAILABLEAS THE MOST ECONOMICAL AND READILY AVAILABLE
MATERIAL FOR BUILDING AT CHANDIGARH WAS LOCALLYMATERIAL FOR BUILDING AT CHANDIGARH WAS LOCALLY
MADE BRICK.MADE BRICK.
• THIS BECAME THE MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION.THIS BECAME THE MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION.
• THE FLAT ROOF WAS EMPLOYED THROUGH OUT INTHE FLAT ROOF WAS EMPLOYED THROUGH OUT IN
CHANDIGARH HOUSING BECAUSE OF ITS USEFULNESS ASCHANDIGARH HOUSING BECAUSE OF ITS USEFULNESS AS
A SLEEPING AREAA SLEEPING AREA
• 70% OF THE BUILDING WOULD BE PRIVATE IN ALL THE70% OF THE BUILDING WOULD BE PRIVATE IN ALL THE
SECTORS.SECTORS.
• RESIDENTIAL PLOTS RANGING IN DIMENSIONS FROM 75 SQ.RESIDENTIAL PLOTS RANGING IN DIMENSIONS FROM 75 SQ.
YARDS TO 5000 SQ YARDS.YARDS TO 5000 SQ YARDS.
39. THE SECRETARIATTHE SECRETARIAT
• THE FIRST DESIGN FOR THE SECRETARIAT PRESENTS THE BUILDINGTHE FIRST DESIGN FOR THE SECRETARIAT PRESENTS THE BUILDING
AS A TALL THIN SLAB CARRYING A SURFACE BRISE SOLEIL DIVIDEDAS A TALL THIN SLAB CARRYING A SURFACE BRISE SOLEIL DIVIDED
BY A CENTRAL HORIZONTAL BANDBY A CENTRAL HORIZONTAL BAND
• THE DESIGN WHICH WAS ACCEPTED ESTABLISHED THE BUILDINGTHE DESIGN WHICH WAS ACCEPTED ESTABLISHED THE BUILDING
FORN AS A LONG ,HORIZONTAL CONCRETE SLABFORN AS A LONG ,HORIZONTAL CONCRETE SLAB
• THE SECRETARIAT, THE LONGEST BUILDING IN CHANDIGARH, 254MTHE SECRETARIAT, THE LONGEST BUILDING IN CHANDIGARH, 254M
LONG,AND 42M HIGHFORMS THE ADMINSTRATIVE CENTER,WITHLONG,AND 42M HIGHFORMS THE ADMINSTRATIVE CENTER,WITH
MINISTERAL OFFICES GROUPED IN THE CENTER AND OFFICES FORMINISTERAL OFFICES GROUPED IN THE CENTER AND OFFICES FOR
EMPLOYEES ARRANGED ON EITHER SIDEEMPLOYEES ARRANGED ON EITHER SIDE
• THE BUILDING WAS COMPLETED IN 1958THE BUILDING WAS COMPLETED IN 1958
• THE BUILDING IS COMPOSED OF SIX EIGHT STOREY BLOCKSTHE BUILDING IS COMPOSED OF SIX EIGHT STOREY BLOCKS
SEPARETED BY EXPANSION JOINTSSEPARETED BY EXPANSION JOINTS
• THE CENTRAL PAVILION, BLOCK 4, CONTAINS THE OFFICES OF THETHE CENTRAL PAVILION, BLOCK 4, CONTAINS THE OFFICES OF THE
MINISTERSMINISTERS
41. • THE ROUGH CONCRETE AGAIN INTERPOSES IN THETHE ROUGH CONCRETE AGAIN INTERPOSES IN THE
FENESTRATION OF THE TWO MAIN FACADES ; MORE THAN 2000FENESTRATION OF THE TWO MAIN FACADES ; MORE THAN 2000
UNITS OF UNIQUE DESIGNUNITS OF UNIQUE DESIGN
• APPRAOCH TO THE BUILDING IS THROUGH ROADWAYS BELOWAPPRAOCH TO THE BUILDING IS THROUGH ROADWAYS BELOW
GROUND LEVEL TO A LARGE PARKING AREA IN FRONT OF THEGROUND LEVEL TO A LARGE PARKING AREA IN FRONT OF THE
CENTRAL BLOCK, AND A FLOOR IS LEFT OPEN AT THIS LEVEL TOCENTRAL BLOCK, AND A FLOOR IS LEFT OPEN AT THIS LEVEL TO
FORM AN ENTRANCE HALLFORM AN ENTRANCE HALL
• BLOCK 1 AND 2 RISES DIRECTLY FROM THE GROUNDBLOCK 1 AND 2 RISES DIRECTLY FROM THE GROUND
• BLOCK 3,4 AND PART OF 5 FACE ON THE EXCAVATED AREA OFBLOCK 3,4 AND PART OF 5 FACE ON THE EXCAVATED AREA OF
THE PARKING LOT AND HAVE THE LOWER STOREY OPENTHE PARKING LOT AND HAVE THE LOWER STOREY OPEN
BETWEEN PILOTISBETWEEN PILOTIS
• FOR THE REST PART OF BLOCK 5 AND WHOLE OF 6 THE LEVELFOR THE REST PART OF BLOCK 5 AND WHOLE OF 6 THE LEVEL
GOES TILL PLAZA HEIGHT, AND LOWER PORTION OF THESEGOES TILL PLAZA HEIGHT, AND LOWER PORTION OF THESE
BLOCKS ARE LEFT OPEN TO A HEIGHT OF TWO STORYESBLOCKS ARE LEFT OPEN TO A HEIGHT OF TWO STORYES
• THE TOP OF THE BUILDING IS DEVELOPED AS A ROOF GARDENTHE TOP OF THE BUILDING IS DEVELOPED AS A ROOF GARDEN
CONTAINING THE SERVICE BLOCKS AND CAFETERIA FORCONTAINING THE SERVICE BLOCKS AND CAFETERIA FOR
EMPLOYEESEMPLOYEES
43. • THE PLASTIC EMPHASIS ISTHE PLASTIC EMPHASIS IS
GIVEN TO THE BUILDING BYGIVEN TO THE BUILDING BY
FREE STANDING EXTERIORFREE STANDING EXTERIOR
RAMPS ENCLOSED INRAMPS ENCLOSED IN
ROUGH CONCRETE WALLSROUGH CONCRETE WALLS
• FOR SUPPLEMENTARYFOR SUPPLEMENTARY
COMMUNICATION WITHINCOMMUNICATION WITHIN
THE BUILDING , EACH OF SIXTHE BUILDING , EACH OF SIX
BLOCKS IS EQUIPPED WITHBLOCKS IS EQUIPPED WITH
INTERIOR STAIRWAYS ANDINTERIOR STAIRWAYS AND
LIMITED ELEVATOR SERVICELIMITED ELEVATOR SERVICE
• HORIZONTAL CIRCULATIONHORIZONTAL CIRCULATION
IS BY MEANS OF A CENTRALIS BY MEANS OF A CENTRAL
CORRIDORSCORRIDORS
• FOR MINISTER’S BLOCK THEFOR MINISTER’S BLOCK THE
BAY SIZE IS INCREASED ANDBAY SIZE IS INCREASED AND
THE COLUMN IS THICKENEDTHE COLUMN IS THICKENED
HT OF 2
STOREYS
LEFT OPEN
COLUMNS SUPPORTING
1 ½ BLOCK
45. THE HIGH COURTTHE HIGH COURT
• THE HIGH COURT FORMED A PART AS “ A GRAT ARCHITECTURALTHE HIGH COURT FORMED A PART AS “ A GRAT ARCHITECTURAL
VENTURE USING VERY POOR MATERIALS AND A LABOUR FORCEQUITEVENTURE USING VERY POOR MATERIALS AND A LABOUR FORCEQUITE
UNUSED TO MODERN BUILDING TECHNIQUESUNUSED TO MODERN BUILDING TECHNIQUES
• AN ENTIRE STUCTURE HAS RESULTED IN THE USE OF DOUBLE ROOFAN ENTIRE STUCTURE HAS RESULTED IN THE USE OF DOUBLE ROOF
• THE UPPER ROOF CANTILEVERED OUT OF THE OFFICE BLOCK IN THETHE UPPER ROOF CANTILEVERED OUT OF THE OFFICE BLOCK IN THE
MANNER OF PARASOL SHADING THE LOWER ROOFMANNER OF PARASOL SHADING THE LOWER ROOF
• THE SPACE BETWEEN THE TWO ROOFS IS LEFT OPEN TO ENABLETHE SPACE BETWEEN THE TWO ROOFS IS LEFT OPEN TO ENABLE
CURRENTS OF AIR TO MOVE BETWEEN THE FLAT ROOF OF THE OFFICECURRENTS OF AIR TO MOVE BETWEEN THE FLAT ROOF OF THE OFFICE
BLOCK AND THE UNDERSIDE OF THE PARASOL ROOF WHICH SLOPESBLOCK AND THE UNDERSIDE OF THE PARASOL ROOF WHICH SLOPES
TOWARDS CENTER IN THE FORM OF ROWS OF ARCHESTOWARDS CENTER IN THE FORM OF ROWS OF ARCHES
• IN THE PLAN THE BUILDING TOOK THE FORM OF ABBREVIATED L –IN THE PLAN THE BUILDING TOOK THE FORM OF ABBREVIATED L –
SHAPED WITH LONG FAÇADE FACING THE CAPITOL PLAZA TOSHAPED WITH LONG FAÇADE FACING THE CAPITOL PLAZA TO
CONTAIN COURT ROOMSCONTAIN COURT ROOMS
• THE BUILDING IS A RECTILINEAR FRAME WITHIN WHICH THE INTERIORTHE BUILDING IS A RECTILINEAR FRAME WITHIN WHICH THE INTERIOR
FUNCTIONS ARE DEFINEDFUNCTIONS ARE DEFINED
46. CONTD..CONTD..
• THE EIGHT COURT ROOMS ARE IDENTICALLY EXPRESSED ON THETHE EIGHT COURT ROOMS ARE IDENTICALLY EXPRESSED ON THE
MAIN FACADE AND SEPARETED FROM THE LARGER HIGH COURT BYMAIN FACADE AND SEPARETED FROM THE LARGER HIGH COURT BY
A MONUMENTAL COLUMNED ENTRANCE RISING THE HEIGHT OFA MONUMENTAL COLUMNED ENTRANCE RISING THE HEIGHT OF
THE BUILDINGTHE BUILDING
• BUILDING RISES DIRECTLY FROM THE EARTHBUILDING RISES DIRECTLY FROM THE EARTH
• THE MAIN FACADE IS DEFINED BY A FULL HEIGHT CONCRETE BRISETHE MAIN FACADE IS DEFINED BY A FULL HEIGHT CONCRETE BRISE
SOLEILSOLEIL
• THE ARCH FORM IS RESTRICTED TO THE UNDERSIDE OF THETHE ARCH FORM IS RESTRICTED TO THE UNDERSIDE OF THE
PARASOL ROOFPARASOL ROOF
• IT IS THE VISUAL DRAMA OF THE PIERS RISING SIXTY FEET FROMIT IS THE VISUAL DRAMA OF THE PIERS RISING SIXTY FEET FROM
THE GROUND TO MEET THE HEAVY OUTWARD THRUST OF THETHE GROUND TO MEET THE HEAVY OUTWARD THRUST OF THE
ROOF WHICH CREATES THE FOCAL EMPHASIS OF THE PRESENTROOF WHICH CREATES THE FOCAL EMPHASIS OF THE PRESENT
PLANPLAN
• ON THE MAIN FACADE THE DEEP FIXED CONCRETE BRISE SOLEILON THE MAIN FACADE THE DEEP FIXED CONCRETE BRISE SOLEIL
GIVES A STRONG AND SCALELESS PATTERN TO THE BUILDINGGIVES A STRONG AND SCALELESS PATTERN TO THE BUILDING
• IT IS THE CONCRETE SCREEN WHICH GIVES THE MAIN FACADE ITSIT IS THE CONCRETE SCREEN WHICH GIVES THE MAIN FACADE ITS
OVER ALL UNITYOVER ALL UNITY
47. • BEHIND THE BRISE SOLEIL , THE WINDOWS OF THE COURTBEHIND THE BRISE SOLEIL , THE WINDOWS OF THE COURT
ROOMS ARE OF FIXED GLASS, BUT BETWEEN ARE NARROWROOMS ARE OF FIXED GLASS, BUT BETWEEN ARE NARROW
VERTICAL SPACES CONTAINING SHUTTERS WHICH OPEN ANDVERTICAL SPACES CONTAINING SHUTTERS WHICH OPEN AND
CLOSE ON HINGESCLOSE ON HINGES
• IT IS NOTED THAT THE ORIENTATION OF THE HIGH COURT ISIT IS NOTED THAT THE ORIENTATION OF THE HIGH COURT IS
SUCH THAT THE MAIN FAÇADE FACES NORTH WEST , AND THISSUCH THAT THE MAIN FAÇADE FACES NORTH WEST , AND THIS
DOES NOT RECEIVE DIRECT SUNLIGHTDOES NOT RECEIVE DIRECT SUNLIGHT
• THE ROUGH CONCRETE OF THE BUILDING IS TREATED INTHE ROUGH CONCRETE OF THE BUILDING IS TREATED IN
VARIETY OF MANNERS FOR MUCH OF THE SURFACE INCLUDINGVARIETY OF MANNERS FOR MUCH OF THE SURFACE INCLUDING
THE UNDERSIDE OF THE PARASOL ROOF AND THE EXTERIORTHE UNDERSIDE OF THE PARASOL ROOF AND THE EXTERIOR
SIDE WALLS , THE MASS OF SHEET METAL CHARACTERIZE THESIDE WALLS , THE MASS OF SHEET METAL CHARACTERIZE THE
SURFACESURFACE
• IN PORTIONS OF THE INTERIOR AND ON THE RAMPS , WOODENIN PORTIONS OF THE INTERIOR AND ON THE RAMPS , WOODEN
BOARDS HAVE BEEN INSERTED WITH IN THE METAL FORMS TOBOARDS HAVE BEEN INSERTED WITH IN THE METAL FORMS TO
GIVE THE CONCRETE SURFACE THE IMPRESS OF THEIRGIVE THE CONCRETE SURFACE THE IMPRESS OF THEIR
JOINTED PATTERN, WHILE OTHER SURFACES, INCLUDINGJOINTED PATTERN, WHILE OTHER SURFACES, INCLUDING
THOSE OF MASSIVE ENTRANCE PIERS ARE FINISHED WITHTHOSE OF MASSIVE ENTRANCE PIERS ARE FINISHED WITH
GUNNITE CEMENTGUNNITE CEMENT
48. COLOURED MASSIVE PILLARS
PARASOL ROOF
FORMING ARCHES
DOUBLE ROOF
GAP LEFT BETWEEN
TWO ROOFS
FULL HT ENTRANCE
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURESARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
49. • THE ENTRANCE LOBBY IS PAVED WITH WHITISH FLAGTHE ENTRANCE LOBBY IS PAVED WITH WHITISH FLAG
STONE SET IN THE ROWS OF VARYING WIDTHSSTONE SET IN THE ROWS OF VARYING WIDTHS
• NEW SCHEME FOR PAINTING THE COLUMNS AND PORTICONEW SCHEME FOR PAINTING THE COLUMNS AND PORTICO
WALLS IN BRIGHT CONTRASTING COLOURSWALLS IN BRIGHT CONTRASTING COLOURS
• THE INSIDE WALL TO THE LEFT OF THE PIERS WAS TO BETHE INSIDE WALL TO THE LEFT OF THE PIERS WAS TO BE
BLACKBLACK
• THE ADJACENT PILLAR PAINTED GREENTHE ADJACENT PILLAR PAINTED GREEN
• THE CENTER PIER WOULD BE YELLOWTHE CENTER PIER WOULD BE YELLOW
• THE RIGHT HAND PILLAR IS REDTHE RIGHT HAND PILLAR IS RED
• AND THE REMAINING PORTICO WALL IS PRIMARY BLUEAND THE REMAINING PORTICO WALL IS PRIMARY BLUE
• THE GRAET ENTRANCE HALL OF THE HIGH COURT IS ALSOTHE GRAET ENTRANCE HALL OF THE HIGH COURT IS ALSO
BEEN FOUND IN LACKING PROTECTION DURING THEBEEN FOUND IN LACKING PROTECTION DURING THE
MONSOON SEASONMONSOON SEASON
• THE NARROW CURVING RAMP AT THE END OF THETHE NARROW CURVING RAMP AT THE END OF THE
ENTRANCE HALL,WHICH FORMS THE MAIN VERTICALENTRANCE HALL,WHICH FORMS THE MAIN VERTICAL
CIRCULATION IS EXPOSEDCIRCULATION IS EXPOSED
• THE HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION, CONSISTING OF POENTHE HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION, CONSISTING OF POEN
CORRIDORS ON THR REAR FACADE ,IS ALSOCORRIDORS ON THR REAR FACADE ,IS ALSO
INEFFECTIVELY SHELTEREDINEFFECTIVELY SHELTERED
51. THE ASSEMBLY HALLTHE ASSEMBLY HALL
• THE ASSEMBLY WAS CONCEIVED AS A RECTILINEAR STRUCTURETHE ASSEMBLY WAS CONCEIVED AS A RECTILINEAR STRUCTURE
• IT IS SQUARE IN PLAN WITH A MONUMENTAL PORTICO FACING THEIT IS SQUARE IN PLAN WITH A MONUMENTAL PORTICO FACING THE
MAIN PLAZAMAIN PLAZA
• ON THE LATERAL FACADES BOTH THE PORTICO AND THE OFFICEON THE LATERAL FACADES BOTH THE PORTICO AND THE OFFICE
BLOCK WOULD BE DEFINED BY SOLID END WALLSBLOCK WOULD BE DEFINED BY SOLID END WALLS
• THE LARGE CHAMBER IS IN HYPERBOLIC FORM OF THE COOLINGTHE LARGE CHAMBER IS IN HYPERBOLIC FORM OF THE COOLING
TOWER WITH AN AVERAGE THICKNESS OF 15 CMSTOWER WITH AN AVERAGE THICKNESS OF 15 CMS
• THE SMALL COUNCIL CHAMBER ARE IN RECTILINEAR FRAMETHE SMALL COUNCIL CHAMBER ARE IN RECTILINEAR FRAME
• THE UPPER PORTION OF THE TOWER IS EXTENDING ABOVE THETHE UPPER PORTION OF THE TOWER IS EXTENDING ABOVE THE
ROOF LINEROOF LINE
• AN ASSEMBLY CHAMBER IS 128 FT IN DIAMETER AT ITS BASE ANDAN ASSEMBLY CHAMBER IS 128 FT IN DIAMETER AT ITS BASE AND
RISES TO 124 FT AT ITS HIGHEST POINTRISES TO 124 FT AT ITS HIGHEST POINT
• THIS TOWER WAS DESIGNED TO INSURE THE NATURAL LIGHT,THIS TOWER WAS DESIGNED TO INSURE THE NATURAL LIGHT,
VENTILATION AND PROPER ACOUSTICSVENTILATION AND PROPER ACOUSTICS
52. • OF ALL BUILDINGS OF THEOF ALL BUILDINGS OF THE
CAPITOL COMPLEX , THECAPITOL COMPLEX , THE
ASSEMBLY IS THE MOSTASSEMBLY IS THE MOST
INTRICATE IN PLANINTRICATE IN PLAN
• SEPARATE CIRCULATIONSEPARATE CIRCULATION
ACCOMMODATION OF ALLACCOMMODATION OF ALL
GROUPS IS PROVIDEDGROUPS IS PROVIDED
• EMPLOYING A SYSTEM OFEMPLOYING A SYSTEM OF
INDIVIDUAL ENTRANCES,INDIVIDUAL ENTRANCES,
STAIRWAYS, LIFTS ANDSTAIRWAYS, LIFTS AND
RAMP A COMPLETERAMP A COMPLETE
SEGREGATION OFSEGREGATION OF
MEMBERS IS PROVIDEDMEMBERS IS PROVIDED
• THER ARE TWO SEPARATETHER ARE TWO SEPARATE
GALLERIES FOR MEN ANDGALLERIES FOR MEN AND
WOMEN IN COUNCILWOMEN IN COUNCIL
CHAMBERCHAMBER
INTERIOR
VIEW OF A
CHAMBER
MUSHROOM
COLUMN
SUPPORTING
ROOF
53.
54. SUKHNA LAKE, CHANDIGARHSUKHNA LAKE, CHANDIGARH
• THE CLUB HOUSE- NORTHTHE CLUB HOUSE- NORTH
OF THE CAPITOL NOOF THE CAPITOL NO
ADDITIONAL STRUCTURESADDITIONAL STRUCTURES
WERE TO BE ERECTED,INWERE TO BE ERECTED,IN
ORDER NOT TO IMPEDEORDER NOT TO IMPEDE
THE VIEW OF THETHE VIEW OF THE
HIMALAYA.HIMALAYA.
• THIS WAS AN EXPRESSTHIS WAS AN EXPRESS
CONDITION LAID DOWN BYCONDITION LAID DOWN BY
LE CORBUSIER.LE CORBUSIER.
• THE CLUB HOUSE WASTHE CLUB HOUSE WAS
HOWEVER NECESSITY.HOWEVER NECESSITY.
• LE CORBUSIER DESIGNED ALE CORBUSIER DESIGNED A
COMPLEX LYING 3METERSCOMPLEX LYING 3METERS
BENEATH ROAD LEVEL,SOBENEATH ROAD LEVEL,SO
THAT THE HOUSE ISTHAT THE HOUSE IS
SCARSELY VISIBLE FROMSCARSELY VISIBLE FROM
THE PROMENADE.THE PROMENADE.
55. • THE CAUSEWAY-THE CAUSEWAY-
CHANDIGARH ISCHANDIGARH IS
SURROUNDED BY THESURROUNDED BY THE
RIVERS PATIALI ANDRIVERS PATIALI AND
MANIMAJRA, WHICHMANIMAJRA, WHICH
CARRY WATER ONLYCARRY WATER ONLY
DURING THE MONSOONDURING THE MONSOON
SEASON.SEASON.
• THE REINFORCEDTHE REINFORCED
CONCRETECONCRETE
CONSTRUCTION ISCONSTRUCTION IS
SIMPLE AND PLAIN, ANDSIMPLE AND PLAIN, AND
ITS SEVERE LINESITS SEVERE LINES
HARMONIZE ENTIRELYHARMONIZE ENTIRELY
WITH THE NATURALWITH THE NATURAL
SETTING.SETTING.
• AT ALL OTHER TIMES OFAT ALL OTHER TIMES OF
THE YEAR THEY ARE DRY.THE YEAR THEY ARE DRY.
56. • DURING THE HOT MONTHS OF MAY AND JUNE,DURING THE HOT MONTHS OF MAY AND JUNE,
ENORMOUS AMOUNTS OF DUST USED TO BLOWENORMOUS AMOUNTS OF DUST USED TO BLOW
INTO THE CITY.INTO THE CITY.
• TREES AND SHRUBS WERE PLANTED AS ATREES AND SHRUBS WERE PLANTED AS A
PROTECTIVE ZONE ALONG THESE RIVERS, SO THATPROTECTIVE ZONE ALONG THESE RIVERS, SO THAT
THE CITY IS NOW FREE OF THE INCONVENIENCE OFTHE CITY IS NOW FREE OF THE INCONVENIENCE OF
THIS FLYING SAND.THIS FLYING SAND.
• ONE OF THESE RIVERS HAS BEEN DAMMED.ONE OF THESE RIVERS HAS BEEN DAMMED.
• IN 1955 THE WATER BOULEVARD WAS EXTENDED ININ 1955 THE WATER BOULEVARD WAS EXTENDED IN
THE SHAPE OF A CAUSEWAY, OR DAM, THETHE SHAPE OF A CAUSEWAY, OR DAM, THE
RETAINING WALL BEING MORE THANRETAINING WALL BEING MORE THAN
57. • 20 METERS HIGH AND 420 METERS HIGH AND 4
KILOMETERS LONG.KILOMETERS LONG.
• THIS DAM,WITH ITSTHIS DAM,WITH ITS
WIDTH ON TOP OFWIDTH ON TOP OF
24METERS, THUS24METERS, THUS
YIELDED A PROMENADE.YIELDED A PROMENADE.
• THE ARTIFICIAL LAKETHE ARTIFICIAL LAKE
CREATED BEHIND THECREATED BEHIND THE
DAM HAS MODIFIED THEDAM HAS MODIFIED THE
CLIMATE OF THE CITY.CLIMATE OF THE CITY.
58. YES!!!YES!!!
THIS IS THE ENDTHIS IS THE END……
THANK YOU ALL FOR LISTENING PATIENTLYTHANK YOU ALL FOR LISTENING PATIENTLY
SORRY FOR SUCH A LONG PRESENTATION…!!SORRY FOR SUCH A LONG PRESENTATION…!!
