Scientific Paper Writting technique ...Upakar Paudel B.Sc MIT UCMSTH Bhairahawa Nepal

1. How to write a thesis
By UPAKAR PAUDEL (B.Sc MIT)
UCMSTH BHAIRAHAWA NEPAL

2. How to write a thesis
• Introduction
• Subjects and settings
• Aim and objectives
• Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• (Conclution)

3. Introduction
• Why did you carry out the project?
• What were the aim(s) and the underlying
research question(s)?
• Objective review of previous work. Avoid
overstating your work and ignoring that of
others.
• Setting the project into the context of the
field in general and not just the local setting.

4. Subjects and settings
Population
Inclution criteria
Where ( hospital, clinic, area, ect. )
Ethics

5. Aims and objectives
Problem/ research question
What you shall do
Remember, as short and concrete as
possible. Make it simple!
Examples:
- What are the main reasons for rejected
films?
- To develop a categorisation system
- To collect rejected films
- To analyse the collected data

6. Methods
• Describe the setting in which the work was done
and from which patients were drawn
• Clear descriptions of patient groups, how they were
selected.
• Label groups simply (A, B etc) so that they can be
clearly indicated thereafter in the report.
• Describe groups in terms of characteristics (such as
age) with means, medians, standard, deviations,
and ranges as appropriate.
• Describe the time-scale of the work
• Describe how the study was conducted and the
data were collected to enable others to repeat it.

7. Results
• Summarise findings in tables and figures.
• Use statistical analysis to both describe
characteristics and infer differences between groups
• Use footnotes in tables and figures where necessary
to explain terms/symbols within them.
• Avoid inconsistent or inappropriate numbers of
decimal places.
• Express values in numbers in brackets, and write
percentages in the text
• Avoid overly simplistic or complex histograms and
figures.
• Use terms and symbols consistently throughout the
text.

8. Discussion
• Don’t introduce new data
• Don’t assume that lack of a statistical significance
between two groups proves they are similar.
• Differentiate between statistical and clinical
significance.
• Recognize that lack of demonstration of statistical
significance may still belie a trend close to statistical
significance and may deserve comment about the
size of the study.
• Draw on the results and make careful interpretation
of findings. Extrapolate with care beyond the setting
of the study and only when you can argue the case.

9. Discussion
• Delete statements which are
presented as interpretations but which
are not logically derived from the
findings or state the obvious
• Give precedence to statements which
interpret the findings over those which
represent wishful thinking and your
own opinions or ambitions.

10. Criteria
 The assignment shall follow these demands:
 Line space 1,5
 Left margin 4 cm
 Right margin 2 cm
 Top and bottom margin 3 cm
 Writing style “Times new roman”
 Letter size 12

11. Criteria
The assignment shall be 12000 words +/
10 %
 The assignment shall be written
within the asked length. All the pages
shall be numbered. Front page, table
of contents, reference list and
attachments are not to be numbered.

12. Criteria
 The front page shall include:
 Name of university, institution and
education
 Name of task (Bachelor assignment)
 Name of assignment (Given by the
student, refers to what the
assignment is about)
 Date of delivery

13. Criteria
 The reference list shall follow the ISO 690
numerical method and needs to be
organized by numbering. The used sources
have to be clear so it is easy to check them.
 Quotations shall be put in quotation marks.
You can use a quote no longer than 2 lines
and needs to be put in a quotation mark.
 Footnote shall be marked with numbers in
the text, and an explanation shall be given at
the end of the page.
 Attachments shall be numbered and placed
at the end of the assignment.

14. Criteria
 The assignment shall include this:
 Front page
 Table of contents
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Theory
 Method
 Results
 Discussion
 Summery/ conclusion
 Reference list
 Attachments

15. Evaluation criteria
 The students’ capability to do the following shall be
emphasized:
 Delimit the approach to the problem
 Choose a good method to get answers to the
problem
 Choose relevant theory
 Evaluate the approach to the problem with relevant
theory and/or empirical data
 Following the guidelines for the reference list
 Have a good, written language and an
uncomplicated layout which is in correlation with the
guidelines for this assignment
 Following ethical and legal guidelines