3. Distribution
South Europe, India, China, North Australia, South East Asia and
Africa
Host range
Cotton, Bhendi, Holly hock, Hibiscus cannabinus , Abutilon
indicum and other malvaceous plants
Biology of E. vitella
Egg period: 2 – 4 days
Eggs: Singly – plant parts
Crown shaped, sculptured
Larval: 10 – 12 days
Brownish without finger shaped
processes
Longitudinal white stripes – dorsal
sidePupal:7-10 days
Pupation: outside the bolls
Adult:
Forewing with a green
wedge
4. Biology of E. insulana
Egg period: 3 days
Sky blue colour
Larva: 9 – 20 days
Brownish with finger shaped
processes – orange dots on
prothorax
Pupal: 7 – 21 days, boat shaped
Pupation: plants, fallen buds and bolls or in soil
Adult:
Complete green
forewings
Longivity: 8-25
5. Management
Collect and destroy the infested shoots, buds, flowers and fruits
Avoid cultivation of alternate weed hosts: Hibiscus cannabinus, H.
abelmoschus and Abutilon indicum
Light trap @ 1/ ha
Pheromone traps @ 12/ ha
Egg parasitoid: Trichogramma chilonis @ 1,00,000/ha
Egg larval parasitoid: Chelonus blackburni @ 10,000/ha
Insecticides: Monocrotophos 36 WSC @ 650 ml/ha
6. Stem weevil: Pempherulus affinis,
Curculionidae: Coleoptera
Distribution
India, Myanmar, Thailand and Philippines
Host range
Cotton, Jute, Abutilon indicum, Hibiscus rosasinesnsis and H. cannabinus
Jatropha spp.
Biology
Egg period: 6-10 days
Eggs: 50 – 121/ female
Grub: 35 – 37 days
Pupa: 10-15 days
Pupation: pupal chamber
Adult:
Dirty brown weevil
Longevity: 25 – 30
days
* 5 generations/ year
7. Neem cake @ 500 kg / ha at the time of last ploughing
Carbofuran 3G @ 30Kg or phorate 10 G @ 10 kg / ha
Management
9. Leaf roller: Sylepta derogata
Pyraustidae: Lepidoptera
Distribution
India, Africa, Myanmar, Srilanka, China, East Siberia, Japan and JavaTTTTT
Host range
Cotton, Bhendi, Abutilon indicum and
other Malvaceous crops
Biology
Egg period: 2-4 days
Eggs: singly – undersurface of
the leaves
Larval Period: 14 – 21days
Shiny green and transparent,
Dark head with prothoracic
shield
Adult:
3-5 generations / year
Yellow wings – brown
Wavy marks Pupal Period: 6-12 days
Pupation: Leaf rolls
* Larval hibernation
11. Management
Collect and destroy the rolled leaves
Egg parasitoid: Trichogramma spp.
Larval Parasitoids: Brachymeria tachardiae
Trichospilus pupivora
Insecticides:
Phosalone 35 EC @ 500 ml / ha
12. Distribution
India, Africa, Asia and Australia
Host range
Cotton, Tomato, Bhendi and other malvaceous plants
Biology – A. flava
Egg period: 4-5 days
Eggs: singly – undersurface of the leaves
Larval Period: 18 – 20 days
4 -5 instars
Green – 5 longitudinal
stripes
Pupal period: 5-7 days
Pupation: inside the leaf mine
Adult:
Minute, pale yellow in colour
Semiloopers: Anomis flava
Xanthodes graellsi
Tarache nitidula, Noctuidae: Lepidoptera
14. Biology – X. graellsi
Eggs: singly on tender leaves
Larval :
Green – horse shoe
and black warts
Pupation: Soil cocoon – dry
leaves
Adult:
Yellowish with
black markings
Biology – T. nitidula
Egg period: 3-4 day
Eggs: singly on tender leaves
Adult:
Bright white wing
with dark markings
Larval period: 20 –22 days
Dark brown colour
Pupal Period: 10 – 12 days
Pupation:: Soil
15. Anomis flava – ( Heavy rainfall – larva occurs epidemically)
Xanthodes graellsi – (Continuous wet weather – more common in occurrence)
Tarache nitidula – (Occurs occasionally coincides with monsoon showers)
Management
Egg parasitoid: Trichogramma minutum
Larval parasitoid: Carcelia kockiana
Pupal parasitoid: Tetrastichus ayyari
Dichlorvos 76 WSC 1000 ml /ha or Endosulfan 35 EC @ 1000 ml/ha
17. Green leafhopper: Amrasca devastans,
Cicadellidae: Hemiptera
Distribution
All over inidia
Host range:
Cotton, Potato, Bhendi, Brinjal,
Castor, Tomato and Sunflower
Biology
Nymphal period: 7 days
Egg period: 4 – 11 days
Eggs - singly within leaf vein
Adult:
Greenish yellow in colour
TLC: 15 – 46 days
18. Management
Seed treatment :
Imidacloprid 70 WS 7 g / kg of seeds or
Thiamethaxam 70 WS 4 g/ kg of seeds
Light trap to attract the broods of leafhopper
Predators: Chrysoperla spp.
ETL: 50 nymphs / 50 leaves
Botanical insecticides: Margocide 0.5 % or neem oil 3% thrice at 15
days interval
Chemical insecticides: Acephate 75 SP 650 /ha or imidacloprid 200
SL 100 ml / ha
19. Red spider mite: Tetranychus telarius
Tetranychidae:Acarina
Distribution
Africa, Pakistan, India, Srilanka, South East Asia and Japan
Host range:
Tomato, Brinjal, Bhendi,Castor, Gourds, Jute, Tea, Citrus, Grapes, Rose,
Jasmine and Marigold
Biology
Egg period: 3-5 days
Nymphal:6-10 days
Adult:
Ovate, reddish brown
25. Distribution
East Africa, Northan Australia, Taiwan,
Japan, South China, South East Asia and India
Host range
Musk Melon, Melon, Bitter Gourd, and
Snake Gourd
Biology Egg period: 1 day
1-26 eggs/ days/ female
Maggot: 3-21 days
Dirty white apodous maggot
Pupal: 3-9days
Pupation: soil
Adult:
Reddish brown fly
with lemon yellow
curved vertical
markings - thorax
26. Management
Grow resistant varieties: Arka – tinda ( round gourd);
Arka-saryamakhia (pumpkin)
Change the sowing dates as the fly population is low in hot
dry conditions and its peak during rainy season
Ribbed gourd as trap crop – malathion 50 EC 2 ml/ lit of
water on congregating adult flies- undersurface of leaves
Use attractants – citronella oil, eucalyptus oil, vinegar oil
(acetic acid), destrose and lactic acid
Collect and destroy all fallen and damaged fruits
Rake up soil under vines or plough infested field to
destroy puparia and endosulfan 4% @ 25 kg/ha on soil
Polythene sachet methyl eugenol lure trap @ 25/ ha or
27. Prepare methyl eugenol and malathion 50 EC mixture @
1:1 and take 10 ml/ polythene bag with six holes and place
12 traps/ ha or
Keep 5 g wet fish meal in a polythene bag with six holes
and add 0.1 of dichlorvos – 12 traps/ha
Use bait spray: molasses or jaggery 10 g/lit + fenthion
100 EC 1ml/ lit or malathion 50 EC 2ml/lit or dimethoate
30 EC 1ml/lit, tow rounds at fortnight interval before
ripening of the fruits
Spray neem oil 2% to prevent the oviposition by adult
flies
Neem seed kernel extract 5% to deter the flies against egg
laying
Do not use DDT, Lindane, 1.3% dust, copper fungicides
and sulphur dusts - phytotoxic
28. Stem borer or clear winged moth: Melittia eurytion
Aegeriidae: Lepidoptera
Distribution
All over India
Host range
Snake gourd
Biology
Egg period:
Eggs laid – lower surface of leaves
Larval:
White in colour
Adult:
Clear winged with fan
– like tufts of hairs on
legs Pupal: 20-24 days
Pupation: earthen cocoon in the soil
29. Management
Collect and destroy the damaged plant parts with
larvae
Encourage activity of parasitoid: Apanteles spp.
Insecticides: Malathion 50 EC @ 500 ml or dimethoate 30 EC
500 ml and methyl demeton 25 EC@ 500 ml/ ha
31. Pumpkin semilooper: Plusia signata, P. peponis
Noctuidae: Lepidoptera
Distribution
All over India
Host range
Snake gourd
Biology
Egg period: 4 -5 days
White spherical eggs laid singly –
tender leaves
Larva: 28 days
Green in colour with
longitudinal white stripe,
humped last abdominal
segmentsPupal: 5-7 days
Pupation: inside leaf fold
Adult:
Brown moth with
shiny brown
forewings
32. Management
Collect and destroy the caterpillars
Encourage activity of Apanteles taragamae
A. plusiae
Insecticides: Malathion 50EC @ 500 ml/ ha or
dimethoate 30 EC @ 500ml/ha or methyl demeton 25
EC @ 500ml/ha
33. Pumpking beetle: Aulacophora foveicollis
A.cincta, A. intermedia
Galerucidae: Coleoptera
Distribution
India, Asia, Australia, Africa and Southern Europe
Host range
Pumpkin, Ash gourd, Melon and Cucumber
Biology Egg period:6-15 days
300 eggs/female
Eggs laid singly or groups in soil
Grub: 13-25 days
Pupal: 7-17 days
Pupation: soil
Adult:
A.foveicollis – red
coloured beetle
A.cincta- grey
coloured beetle
A. Intermedia – blue
coloured beetle
*Adult hibernation
34. Management
Deep plough the cucurbits fields just after harvesting to minimize the beetles
Collect and destroy adult beetles
Sow cucumber in April – May to escape from the pest attack
Carbofuran 3 G @ 50 kg /ha at sowing, vining and flowering stages
Dust: Endosulfan 4% D @ 25kg/ha
Malathion 50 EC @ 500 ml or dimethoate 30 EC 500 ml and methyl
demeton 25 EC@ 500 ml/ ha
35. Distribution
All over India
Host range
Cucurbitaceous plants
Biology
Egg period: 3-6 days
Eggs laid singly or in groups –lower surface of leaves
Larval: 9-14 days
Bright green with a pair of white
mid dorsal lines
Pupal: 5-13 days
Pupation: inside a cocoon among the leaves
Adult:
Whitish wings with
broad and dark
marginal patches
Pumpkin caterpillar: Diaphania indica
Pyraustidae: Lepidoptera
36. Management
Collect and destroy early stage caterpillars
Encourage activity of parasioid: Apanteles spp.
Insecticides: Malathion 50 EC @ 500 ml or dimethoate 30 EC
500 ml and methyl demeton 25 EC@ 500 ml/ ha
37. Distribution
India, South and East Africa, Japan, Indonesia and Philippines
Host range
Bottle gourd
Bottle gourd plume moth: Sphenarches caffer
Pterophoridae:Lepidoptera
Biology
Egg period:
Eggs laid singly – buds and leaves
Larval:
Yellowish green with
spines all over body
Pupal:
Greenish – brown pupa
Adult:
Tiny plume moth
38. Management
Collect and destroy larvae and pupae
Insecticides: Malathion 50 EC @ 500 ml or dimethoate 30 EC
500 ml and methyl demeton 25 EC@ 500 ml/ ha
