Insect pests and diseases of paddy crop and its management

1. Insect pest and diseases
of paddy and its
management

2. PESTS OF RICE – BORERS AND FOLIAGE FEEDERS
Major pests
1. Yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas Pyraustidae Lepidoptera
2. Gall midge Orseolia oryzae Cecidomyiidae Diptera
3. Swarming caterpillar Spodoptera mauritia Noctuidae Lepidoptera
4. Leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Pyralidae Lepidoptera
5. Rice case worm Nymphula depunctalis Pyraustidae Lepidopera
6. Rice skipper Pelopidas mathias Hesperiidae Lepidoptera
7. Spiny beetle/ Rice hispa Dicladispa armigera Chrysomelidae Coleoptera
8. Whorl maggot Hydrellia sasakii Ephydridae Diptera
9. Rice horned caterpillar Melanitis ismene Satyridae Lepidoptera
10. Yellow hairy caterpillar Psalis pennatula Lymantriidae Lepidoptera
Minor pests
11. Grasshopper Hieroglyphus banian Acrididae Orthoptera
12. Short horned grasshopper Oxya nitidula Acrididae Orthoptera
13. Blue beetle Halticia cyanea Chrysomelidae Coleoptera
14. Rice root weevil Echinocnemus oryzae Curculionidae Coleoptera
15. Rice root weevil Hydronomidus molitar Curculionidae Coleoptera
16. Rice root grub Arthrodeis sp., Tenebrionidae Coleoptera

3. Major Insect
1. Yellow stem borer: Scirpophaga incertulas (Pyraustidae: Lepidoptera)
Damage symptoms
 Larva feeds on the stem and causes
drying of the central shoot known as “dead
heart” in the young seedlings
drying of the panicle in grown up plant
called “white ear”. Damage ranges from 30-
80%
ETL
2 egg masses/ m2
10% dead hearts - Vegetative stage
 2% white ear - Flowering stage

4. Identification of insect pest
•Egg - Laid in a mass and covered with buff coloured hairs. (female lays 170-200
eggs)
•Larva - Pale yellow with dark brown head (Infective stage- Larval period)
•Pupa - White silken cocoon.
•Adult
•Female moth - bright yellowish brown fore wings with a black spot possess a tuft
of yellow hairs.
•Male moth - Smaller with pale yellow forewings without black spot.
Life Cycle
Eggs period- 6-9 Days
Larval period- 20-45 Days
Pupal period- 9 Days

5. Control
 Oryzon @ 75ml/acre
 Czaar @ 250ml/acre
 Cartavip @ 7.5 Kg/acre

6. Gall midge: Orseolia oryzae (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera)
Damage symptoms
The maggot feeds at the base of the growing shoot causing formation of a
tube like gall similar to “onion needle” or “silver-shoot”. Infested tillers
produce no panicles.
ETL: 10% silver shoots.

7. Orange coloured mosquito like fly is
active during night.
 Lays 100-300 reddish, elongate,
tubular eggs just near the ligule of the
leaf blade.
 Maggot pale red during feeding
Identification of insect pest
Life Cycle – (15-20 Days)
Eggs period-3-4Days
Larval period- 8-10 Days

8. Control
 Theron @ 250ml/acre
 Torpid @ 100g/acre

9. Swarming caterpillar: Spodoptera mauritia (Noctuidae:
Lepidoptera)
The caterpillars feed at night and
hide during the day.
Larvae cut the seedlings in large
scale and appears as if grazed by cattle
by its nocturnal feeding.
The damage is severe in July -
September. It breeds on a variety of
grasses.
ETL- 2 larvae/ sq m
2 damaged tiller/hill

10. Identification of insect pest
•Egg - Laid in masses on leaves and
covered with grey hairs
•Larva - Caterpillar is cylindrical
dark to pale green with lateral lines
along the body
•Pupa - Pupates in an earthen
cocoon in soil
•Adult - Moth is medium sized
stoutly build.
•Dark brown with a conspicuous
triangular spot on fore wings.
Life Cycle –
Eggs period- 7 Days
Larval period- 20-25 Days
Pupation period- 10-15 days

11. Control
 Theron @ 200-250ml/acre
 Czaar @ 200- 250 ml/acre
 Elpida @ 100 g/acre

12. Leaf folder (or) leaf roller: Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Pyralidae:
Lepidoptera)
 Longitudinal and transparent whitish
streaks on damaged leaves
 Tubular folder leaves
 Leaf tips sometimes fastened to basal part
of the leaf
ETL
10% damaged leaves in vegetative stage
5% damaged leaves (flag leaf) in flowering stage

13. Identification of insect pest
 Eggs: Transparent, flat oval
yellowish white eggs.
 Larva: Yellowish green with dark
brown heads.
 Pupa: Light brown to white brown.
 Adults: Golden yellow in color
with brown margins on wings.
Life Cycle – (25-35 days)
Eggs period- 4-7 Days
Larval period- 15-20 Days
Pupation period- 6-8 days

14.  Control:
 Czaar @200- 250 ml/
acre
 Theron @ 200- 250
ml/acre

15. Rice case worm: Nymphula depunctalis (Pyraustidae: Lepidopera)
The caterpillars feed on green tissues
of the leaves and form tubular cases
around them by cutting the apical
portion of leaves, which float on
water.
The apical portion of cut leaves bear
whitish papery areas since the
chlorophyll is scrapped.
ETL
2 folded leafs/hill

16. Identification of insect pest
Adult is a delicate white moth with pale
brown wavy markings.
Larva is pale translucent green with
orange head.
Life Cycle – (19-37 days)
Eggs period- 2-6 Days
Larval period- 14-20 Days
Pupation period- 4-7 days

17.  Theron @ 200-250ml/acre
 Elpida @ 100 g/acre

18. Nymph
Adult
Plant
Hoppers

24.  Control-
 Pymate @ 120gm/Acre
 Dartus @ 80-100gm/Acre

25. Gandhi/Earhead Bug: Leptocorisa acuta
 Eggs: Circular, brownish & laid in
cluster on upper surface of leaf
blade.
 Nymph: Small, pale green in color.
 Adults: Greenish yellow, long &
slender with a characteristic buggy
odour.

26. Damage & Control
 Damage:
 Leaves turn yellow & later rusted
from tip downwards.
 Appearance of numerous brown
spots on the feeding sites.
 Suck out the milk from the newly
formed grains.
 Partial fill & chaffy grains.
 Control:
 Spray Torpid @ 150gm/acre
 Achook @ 5 % / litre

27. PADDY DISEASES &
THEIR CONTROL

28. Bakanae Disease or Foot Rot or Seedling Rot: Gibberella fujikuroi
 It is seed borne fungal disease.
 The fungus infects plants
through roots or crowns.
 It spread through wind or
water.
 The pathogen is also present
in soil or in plant material.
 Infected plants are
abnormally tall with pale thin
leaves.
 Produce few tillers.
 Produce only partially filled
or empty grains.

29. How to identify the disease
 Check the unhealthy looking
seedlings.
 Infected seedlings have lesions on
roots.
 The infected plants are thin.
 Yellowish green & pale green leaves.
 Early infections can cause seedlings
to die at early tillering stage.
 Later infections results in plants that
develop few tillers & dry leaves.
 Control:
 Broadcast Milduvip @ 300- 400
gm/acre
 Broadcast Kemplar @400-500
gm/acre

30. Sheath Blight: Rhizoctonia solani
 It occurs in the areas where the
application of nitrogen is high.
 Oval or ellipsoidal greenish gray
lesions on leaf sheath.
 The lesion are with gray white
centers & brown margins.
 At maturity, lesions will dry &
become grayish.

31. ELLIPTICAL GREY
SPOT
LEISON ON
UPPER PARTS
LEISONS ON LEAF
SHEATH
SHEATH BLIGHT

32. OUTE
• Oute is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI )
fungicide containing Thifluzamide 24% SC as active
ingredients
• Preventive as well as Curative action against fungus
• SDHI fungicides inhibit fungal respiration by
blocking ubiquinone- binding site in the
mitochondrial complex-II.
• Oute had excellent activity against sheath blight in
rice and Black Scurf in Potatoes.
• Unique mode of action no cross resistance with
existing fungicides.
• Oute is Japanese (Nissan) product
• This is registered chemistry used in rice field in
Japan, South Korea, Columbia, Vietnam, and China

33. BLB: Xanthomaonas oryzae
 Long green-yellow spot at tip of leaves.
 These spots enlarge and turn to yellow.
 It begins as water soaked stripes on the leaf
blade.
 Drop of bacterial exudates may be observed
on young lesions.
 Wilting of seedlings.
 Control:
 Spray Lark 250 ml + 18 g streptocycline /
acre
S
Y
M
P
T
O
M
S
Bacterial ooze

34. LEAF SHEATH DISCOLOURATION INFECTED PLANT
BACTERIAL BLIGHT

35. Brown Spot: Helminthosporium oryzae
 Infected seedlings have small, circular, yellow
brown or brown lesions.
 Lesions are circular to oval with a light brown to
gray center, surrounded by a reddish brown
margin.
 Disrupted grain filling
 Reduction in grain quality.
 Control:
 Spray Kemplar @ 400-500gm/acre

36. BROWN SPOT SESAME SEED
SPOT
INFECTED FIELD
Brown Spot

37. Blast: Pyricularia oryzae
 Leaf Blast:
 White to gray-green lesions or spots, with dark
green borders.
 Older lesions often become light in color with
necrotic borders.
 Nodal Blast:
 Nodes become black & break.
 Basal node of the panicle is infected.
Nodal Blast
Leaf Blast

38. LEAF BLAST NODAL BLAST COLLAR BLAST
BLAST

39. Cont…
 Collar or Neck Blast:
 The lesions are often gray brown discolorations of
the branches of the panicle.
 Neck region develop a black color.
 Infection leads to a condition called rotten neck or
neck blast.
 Control
 Spray Ovitan @160 g/acre
Neck Blast

40. False Smut: Ustilaginoidea virens
 Individual rice grain transformed into a mass of
velvety spores or yellow fruiting bodies.
 Immature spores slightly flattened, smooth, yellow.
 Mature spores orange and turn yellowish green or
greenish black .
 Reduce grain weight.
 Control:
 Spray Kontrol 250 ml or Lark 250 ml/acre
Infected Grains

41. INFECTED GRAIN YELLOW
FRUITING BODY
FUNGAL MASS
ON GRAINS
Flase smut:

42. Grain Discoloration: Fusariam moniliforme
 The discolored grains are associated with many
types of fungi.
 Occur at the time of panicle initiation stage.
 Appears at the time of maturity.
 Normal grain color changes to brownish white
color.
 Control:
 Spray Kontrol 250 ml + Double 100 ml/acre

43. Portfolio Fitment - GAVL fungicides in Paddy
Root
Rot/Bakane
Milduvip
Sheath
Blight
Loxys/
Kemplar
Sheath
Blight
OUTE
Sheath
Blight
Kontrol/
Turnus
Blast/False Smut/Grain
Quality
Ovitan/ Billiards
Sheath
Blight
OUTE
10 -20 DAT 30-40 DAT 40-45 DAT 50-60 DAT 60-70DAT 70-75 DAT

44. Be Safe and Stay Safe
Thank you….