1. The document presents an automatic intensity controller for street lights that uses light dependent resistors (LDRs), infrared (IR) sensors, and an Arduino board to adjust light intensity based on ambient light and traffic levels. 2. The system aims to save energy by lowering light intensity during late night hours when traffic is low. Intensity is adjusted automatically and increases from evening until 8PM, then remains full until 12AM when it begins decreasing until lights turn off at 6AM. 3. In addition to energy savings, the automatic control prevents unnecessary usage of power by not requiring manual operation of street lights.

1. Presenting.....
Auto Intensity Controller
Of Street Lights
( A Mini Project during 5th Sem.)
Session 2021-22
[Department of Electrical Engineering]
Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology
Knowledge Park–I,Greater Noida

2. The Mini Project
Auto Intensity Controller of Street Lights
Submitted To : Submitted By :
Dr.Amit Kr.Sharma Shubhang Tripathi
Mr.Manoj Saini (1900970200045)
Tushar Singh
(1900970200052)

3. Contents :-
• Acknowledgement
• Introduction
• Why do we need it ?
• Hardware Used
• Resistance
• Arduino Uno
• LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
• LEDs
• IR sensors
• Circuit Diagram
• Working Methodology
• Applications and Advantages
• Unavoidable Things
• Future Scope
• References
• Special Thanks

4. Introduction:-
Street Lights have become an essential part of our lives as they are an important source
of light at evening and night time. The main advantage of street lights is that they
increase safety and prevents accidents and collisions.
Since, There is usually less traffic during the late night hours i.e 3-6 AM.Hence, to save
the energy , we propose this project and idea of automatically controlling the intensity of
the lights.
The Automatic Intensity Controller project can be made using various methods, like :
Using Arduino Uno
Using LDR circuit
Using Solar panels etc.

5. Why do we need it ?
• Auto Intensity Control of Street Lights is a simple project where the intensity of the street
lights is automatically controlled based on the sunlight conditions.
• Generally, street lights are turned on during evening time and will continue to glow till
morning.
• This might result is unnecessary usage of power as the lights will be glowing at full
intensity all the times.
• But using the Auto Intensity Control of Street Lights using Arduino project, you can control
the intensity based on the ambient lighting conditions.
• As an additional power saving feature, we have used LEDs for street lights.
• Some of the main advantages of them mainly include: no need to control manually, energy-
saving, a bunch of LEDs reduces the cost, a lifetime of street lights can be increased,
detection of vehicle, good stability in the cold, sensitivity is high, based on the light intensity
it works, completely automatic

6. CONCEPT :-
1. This project automatically turns on the streetlight at evening and
turns off in the morning. It also controls the intensity of light.
2. Light intensity is automatically adjusted according to the time and
traffic. The number of vehicles is very low after 12AM.
3. For example, the intensity of light is low in the evening and it starts
increasing until 8PM After 8PM the light glows at full intensity and
this intensity will not change. It glows on full intensity until 12AM
and intensity starts decreasing after 12AM, and the lights are fully
turned off after 6AM.
4. This approach saves about 30 percentage energy.

7. Hardware Used :-
• Arduino Uno
• LEDs
• LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
• IR sensors
• Resistance
• BreadBoard
• ICs
• Wires etc.

8. Resistance :-
Resistance is a measure of the opposition to
current flow in an electrical
ohms, symbolized by the Greek letter omega
It is sometimes useful to add components
an electrical circuit to restrict the flow of
the components in the circuit.
Resistors are manufactured with a certain
on the application, the tolerance must be
The complete construction must be designed
operating temperature.
Resistances used are

9. Arduino Uno :-
• It is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328.
• Arduino is an open-source, prototyping platform and its simplicity makes it ideal for
hobbyists or novice to use as well as professionals.
• The Arduino Uno has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM
outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack,
an ICSP header, and a reset button.
• It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with AC-to DC adapter or battery to get started.
• Microcontroller: ATmega328
• Operating Voltage: 5V
• Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V
• Input Voltage (limits): 6-18V
• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
• Analog Input Pins: 6

10. LDR ( Light Dependent Resistor) :-
• A photoresistor (also known as a light-dependent resistor, LDR, or photo-
conductive cell) is a passive component that decreases resistance with respect to
resistance with respect to receiving luminosity (light) on the component's sensitive
surface.
• A photoresistor can be applied in light-sensitive detector circuits and light-activated
and dark-activated switching circuits acting as a resistance semiconductor.
• In the dark, a photoresistor can have a resistance as high as
several megaohms (MΩ), while in the light, a photoresistor can have a resistance as
low as a few hundred ohms. Use LDR is of 10kohms.
• Some of its features:
1) High reliability. 2) Light weight.
3) Wide spectral response.
4) Wide ambient temperature range.

11. LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) :-
• A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source.
• It is p-n junction diode that emits light when activated. The long terminal is
positive and the short terminal is negative.
• When a suitable current is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine
with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons.
• This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light
(corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band
gap of the semiconductor.
• LEDs are impervious to heat, cold, shock and vibration.
• LEDs do not contain breakable glass.
• Solid-State, high shock and vibration resistant
• Extremely fast turn on/off times
• Used Leds ratings are 2.4V.

12. IR Sensor :-
• An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits in order to sense some
aspects of the surroundings.
• An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion
as well as the presence of an object due to intervention or interruption.
• These type of sensors measure only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it
that is called as a passive IR sensor.
• Proximity sensors (Used in Touch Screen phones and Edge Avoiding Robots),
contrast sensors (Used in Line Following Robots) and obstruction
counters/sensors (Used for counting goods and in burglar Alarms) are some
examples, which use IR sensors.
• IR sensor ratings=5V

13. BLOCK DIAGRAM
• .

14. Circuit Diagram (Auto Intensity Controller) :-

15. Working Methodology:-
• The working procedure of the Smart street light using IR sensors is explained below. The following are the
different steps included in building a Smart street light.
• Output of the LDR pin is connected to A0 (analog) port of Arduino Uno board.
• Connect all output of the IR sensors to port numbers A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 respectively (analog) which is the
input signal to the Arduino board.
• Connect the ground of all the IR sensors to GND port.
• The output signals from LED are connected to port number 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11 respectively.
• Again connect all the negative terminals of LED’s to GND port. 6. Power is passed to the Arduino (7-12V)
• The heart of Arduino circuit is the low power, high performance Arduino micro controller is programmed by
embedded assembly programming language for implementing these tasks, this program is stored and
operated by means of storage device EPROM.
• The switching of the LEDs are operated through coding applied in Arduino using Arduino software.

16. APPLICATIONS and ADVANTAGES :-
1. The street light control circuit can be used in normal roads, highways, express
ways etc.
2. With digital networks and embedded sensors, they collect and transmit
information that help cities monitor and respond to any circumstance, from
traffic and air quality to crowds and noise. They can detect traffic congestion
and track available parking spaces.
3. If the lighting system implements all LED lights, the cost of the maintenance can
be reduced as the life span and durability of LEDs is higher than Neon based
lights which are normally used as street lights.
4. As the lights are automatically turned ON or OFF, huge amount of energy can
be saved.
5. This system less costly, less installation and maintenance cost and more
efficient as compared to the others system

17. Unavoidable Things :-
• Limitations of the project proposed:-
• This system can be used for only one way traffic. A highway might be
covered by this system on dual system installation on both side.
• The system does not have any automatic fault detector.
• Pole damage detection with the addition of suitable sensor can be
implemented.

18. Future Scope :-
• The system is now used only for one way traffic in highways.
• Continuous uses of LDR and IR sensors even in day time.
• Not switched on before the sunset.
• The Smart light system can be further extended to make the current system
in two way traffic, making the system more flexible in case of rainy days
and introduction of ways to control the lights through GSM based service.

19. CONCLUSION
• By using Smart Street light, one can save surplus amount of energy
which is done by replacing sodium vapor lamps by LED and adding
an additional feature for security purposes. It prevents
unnecessary wastage of electricity, caused due to manual
switching of streetlights when it’s not required. It provides an
efficient and smart automatic streetlight control system with the
help of IR sensors. It can reduce the energy consumption and
maintains the cost. The system is versatile, extendable and totally
adjustable to user needs.

20. References :-
• www.circuitstoday.com
• www.wikipedia.com
• www.electronicshub.org
• www.circuitdigest.com

21. Special Thanks
We are highly Thankful to our very talented and
supporting faculties for their support at every point of
completion of this mini project.
We are glad for being students under their guidance.
They are :-
• Dr.Amit Kr.Sharma
• Mr.Manoj Saini