An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy from a rotating shaft into electrical energy. It is used in automobiles, diesel-electric locomotives, ships, and power generation stations. There are different types of alternators based on their design, output power, speed of rotation, and cooling method. Common types include salient pole, cylindrical rotor, single phase, three phase, brushless, and turbo alternators. Automotive alternators charge the vehicle's battery and power electrical components. Locomotive alternators power traction motors on trains. Marine alternators are adapted for use on boats. Radio alternators were historically used to generate radio frequencies for transmissions.
Design factors; Limitations; Modern trends; Electrical
Engineering Materials; Space factor; Choice of Specific
Electric and Magnetic loadings; Thermal Considerations;
Heat flow; Temperature rise; Insulating Materials; Properties;
Rating of Machines; Various Standard Specifications ;
An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current. For reasons of cost and simplicity, most alternators use a rotating magnetic field with a stationary armature. Occasionally, a linear alternator or a rotating armature with a stationary magnetic field is used. In principle, any AC electrical generator can be called an alternator, but usually the term refers to small rotating machines driven by automotive and other internal combustion engines. An alternator that uses a permanent magnet for its magnetic field is called a magneto. Alternators in power stations driven by steam turbines are called turbo-alternators. Large 50 or 60 Hz three phase alternators in power plants generate most of the world's electric power, which is distributed by electric power grids.
Design factors; Limitations; Modern trends; Electrical
Engineering Materials; Space factor; Choice of Specific
Electric and Magnetic loadings; Thermal Considerations;
Heat flow; Temperature rise; Insulating Materials; Properties;
Rating of Machines; Various Standard Specifications ;
An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current. For reasons of cost and simplicity, most alternators use a rotating magnetic field with a stationary armature. Occasionally, a linear alternator or a rotating armature with a stationary magnetic field is used. In principle, any AC electrical generator can be called an alternator, but usually the term refers to small rotating machines driven by automotive and other internal combustion engines. An alternator that uses a permanent magnet for its magnetic field is called a magneto. Alternators in power stations driven by steam turbines are called turbo-alternators. Large 50 or 60 Hz three phase alternators in power plants generate most of the world's electric power, which is distributed by electric power grids.
This Presentation can be used by the Students of Engineering who Deals with the Subject ELECTRICAL MACHINES and use it for Refrence (Anyways you Guys will Copy Paste or Download it) ;)
Part of Lecture series on EEE-413, Electrical Drives (DC Drives) delivered by me to students of VIII Semester B.E. (Electrical), Session 2018-19.
Z. H. College of Engg. & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.
Missing materials will be uploaded shortly.
Please comment and feel free to ask anything related. Thanks!
A synchronous motor is electrically identical with an alternator or AC generator.
A given alternator ( or synchronous machine) can be used as a motor, when driven electrically.
Some characteristic features of a synchronous motor are as follows:
1. It runs either at synchronous speed or not at all i.e. while running it maintains a constant speed. The only way to change its speed is to vary the supply frequency (because NS=120f/P).
2. It is not inherently self-starting. It has to be run up to synchronous (or near synchronous) speed by some means, before it can be synchronized to the supply.
3. It is capable of being operated under a wide range of power factors, both lagging and leading. Hence, it can be used for power correction purposes, in addition to supplying torque to drive loads.
Torque Production & Control of Speed in Synchronous Motor.
Speed of synchronous motors can be controlled using two methods called open loop and close loop control.
Open loop contol is the simplest scalar control method where motor speed is controlled by independent frequency control of the converter.
In case of close loop self control mode, instead of controlling the inverter frequency independentaly, the frequency and the phase of the output waveform are controlled by an absolute position encoder mounted on the machine shaft giving an account of position of the rotor.
This Presentation can be used by the Students of Engineering who Deals with the Subject ELECTRICAL MACHINES and use it for Refrence (Anyways you Guys will Copy Paste or Download it) ;)
Part of Lecture series on EEE-413, Electrical Drives (DC Drives) delivered by me to students of VIII Semester B.E. (Electrical), Session 2018-19.
Z. H. College of Engg. & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.
Missing materials will be uploaded shortly.
Please comment and feel free to ask anything related. Thanks!
A synchronous motor is electrically identical with an alternator or AC generator.
A given alternator ( or synchronous machine) can be used as a motor, when driven electrically.
Some characteristic features of a synchronous motor are as follows:
1. It runs either at synchronous speed or not at all i.e. while running it maintains a constant speed. The only way to change its speed is to vary the supply frequency (because NS=120f/P).
2. It is not inherently self-starting. It has to be run up to synchronous (or near synchronous) speed by some means, before it can be synchronized to the supply.
3. It is capable of being operated under a wide range of power factors, both lagging and leading. Hence, it can be used for power correction purposes, in addition to supplying torque to drive loads.
Torque Production & Control of Speed in Synchronous Motor.
Speed of synchronous motors can be controlled using two methods called open loop and close loop control.
Open loop contol is the simplest scalar control method where motor speed is controlled by independent frequency control of the converter.
In case of close loop self control mode, instead of controlling the inverter frequency independentaly, the frequency and the phase of the output waveform are controlled by an absolute position encoder mounted on the machine shaft giving an account of position of the rotor.
THIS PPT IS FULL EXPLATION OF AC GENERATOR.IT CONTAINS ALL THE TOPICS UNDER WORKING ,CUNSTRUCTION,ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES REGARDING AC GENERATOR.
IT IS HELPFULL FOR EVERY SCIENCE STUDENT.HOPE YOU ALL LIKE MY WORK.
Similar to types of alternator & its application (20)
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
1. Prepared by :
Lalit Chavda(u15ee056)
Veeresh Vannala(u15ee057)
Purushottam Kumar(u15ee058)
Rakesh Raju(u15ee059)
Tejaswi Prasad(u15ee60)
TYPES OF ALTERNATOR & ITS
APPLICATION
S.V.N.I.T. Surat
2. An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy
to electrical energy in the form of alternating current. Most alternators
use a rotating magnetic field with stationary armature
The alternator works with the battery to generate power for the
electrical components of a vehicle, like the interior and exterior lights,
and the instrument panel. An alternator gets its name from the term
alternating current (AC)
4. TYPES OF ALTERNATOR
:- It is also known as synchronous generator.
According to application According to their design
o Automotive type - used in modern automobile.
o Diesel electric locomotive type - used in diesel
electric multiple unit.
o Marine type - used in marine.
o Brush less type - used in electrical power
generation plant as main source of power.
o Radio alternators - used for low brand radio
frequency transmission.
o Salient pole type.
o Cylindrical rotor type.
5. Alternators can be also classified as :
Based on output power
1. Single Phase
2. Three Phase
Based on the working principle
1. Revolving armature type
2. Revolving field type
Based on the speed on rotation
1. Turbo alternator
2. Low speed alternator
Based on coiling
1. Air cooling
2. Hydrogen cooling
6. • Salient means sticking out or projected out. A
salient pole is a magnetic pole that is projected
out of the rotor surface.
• The salient pole alternators are slow-speed
machines, speed varying from 150 to 600 rpm.
These alternators are driven by hydraulic
turbines. They are also called water-wheel
generators or hydro-generators
• Salient type rotor has non-uniform air-gap and
two or four poles
• Salient-pole construction can not be made strong
enough to withstand the mechanical stress at
higher speeds
Salient pole type
7. • Cylindrical rotor is non-projecting surface type
• Cylindrical rotor type rotor has small diameter
and large length
• Cylindrical rotor type rotor is used for high speed
and has uniform air-gap
• Cylindrical rotors have four or more poles
• High speed alternators (1500 – 3000 rpm) are
driven by steam turbines and use non-salient
type rotors due to following reason :
– Gives noiseless operation at high speeds
– Flux is uniformly distributed along the periphery, so proper
sine wave is obtained which gives better emf
Cylindrical rotor type
8. • A single phase alternator has a stator made up of a
number of windings in series, forming a single
circuit in which an output voltage is generated.
• Figure illustrates a schematic diagram of a single
phase alternator having four poles. The stator has
four polar groups evenly spaced around the stator
frame. The rotor has four poles, with adjacent poles
of opposite polarity.
• As the rotor revolves, ac voltages are induced in
the stator windings. Since one rotor pole is in the
same position relative to a stator winding as any
other rotor pole, all stator polar groups are cut by
equal numbers of magnetic lines of force at any
time.
SINGLE PHASE ALTERNATOR
9. • Two Phase Alternator:
• Two phase alternators have two or more single phase windings
spaced symmetrically around the stator. In a two phase alternator
there are two single phase windings spaced physically so that the
ac voltage induced in one is 90° out of phase with the voltage
induced in the other. The windings are electrically separate from
each other. When one winding is being cut by maximum flux, the
other is being cut by no flux. This condition establishes a 90°
relation between the two phases.
• Three Phase Alternator :
• A three phase, or polyphase circuit, is used in most aircraft
alternators, instead of a single or two phase alternator. The three
phase alternator has three single phase windings spaced so that
the voltage induced in each winding is 120° out of phase with
• the voltages in the other two windings. A
• schematic diagram of a three phase stator showing all the coils
becomes complex and difficult to see what is actually happening.
10. • A brushless alternator is composed of two alternators
built end-to-end on one shaft. Smaller brushless
alternators may look like one unit but the two parts are
readily identifiable on the large versions. The larger of
the two sections is the main alternator and the smaller
one is the exciter. The exciter has stationary field coils
and a rotating armature (power coils).
• The main alternator uses the opposite configuration with
a rotating field and stationary armature. A bridge
rectifier, called the rotating rectifier assembly, is
mounted on a plate attached to the rotor. Neither
brushes nor slip rings are used, which reduces the
number of wearing parts.
BRUSHLESS ALTERNATOR
11. • Turbo Alternators are alternators coupled to
turbines. Turbo alternators run at high speeds and
develop large quantities of power usually of the
order of hundreds of Megawatts.
• The rotor of the Turbo alternator is usually made of
many pieces connected together. Turbo generators
usually have cylindrical rotors. The speed of the
rotor is around 3000 rpm (50 Hz) or 3600 (60 Hz).
• Turbo alternators are extremely sensitive machines
as they operate at very high speed.
• They are typically used where emergency and
standby power is needed
• Smaller turbo-generators with gas turbines are
often used as auxiliary power units.
TURBO ALTERNATOR
12. REVOLVING ARMATURE TYPE ALTERNATOR
• The rotating armature alternator is essentially a
loop rotating through a stationarymagnetic
fealties cutting action of the loop through the
magnetic field generates ac in the loop.
• This ac isremoved from the loop by means of
slip rings and applied to an external load.
13. • The rotating field alternator has a
stationary armature and a rotating field.
Highvoltages can be generated in the
armature and applied to the load directly,
without the need of slip ringsand
brushes.
• The low dc voltage is applied to the
rotor field by means of slip rings, but this
does notintroduce any insulation
problems.
REVOLVING FIELD TYPE ALTERNATOR
14. • Electric generators:
Most power generation stations use
synchronous machines as their
generators. Connection of these
generators to the utility grid requires
synchronization conditions to be
met.
SPECIFIC APPLICATION:
15. • Automative Alternators:
Alternators are used in modern automobiles to
charge the battery and to power the electrical
system when its engine is running.
Until the 1960s, automobiles used
DC dynamo generators with commutators. With
the availability of affordable silicon
diode rectifiers, alternators were used instead
16. • Diesel Electric Locomotive Alternator:
In later diesel electric locomotives and diesel electric multiple units, the prime mover turns an
alternator which provides electricity for the traction motors (AC or DC).
The traction alternator usually incorporates integral silicon diode rectifiers to provide the
traction motors with up to 1200 volts DC (DC traction, which is used directly) or the common
inverter bus (AC traction, which is first inverted from dc to three-phase ac).
The first diesel electric locomotives, and many of those still in service, use DC generators as,
before silicon power electronics, it was easier to control the speed of DC traction motors. Most
of these had two generators: one to generate the excitation current for a larger main
generator.
17. • Marine Alternators:
Marine alternators used in yachts are similar to
automotive alternators, with appropriate
adaptations to the salt-water environment. Marine
alternators are designed to be explosion proof so
that brush sparking will not ignite explosive gas
mixtures in an engine room environment. They may
be 12 or 24 volt depending on the type of system
installed. Larger marine diesels may have two or
more alternators to cope with the heavy electrical
demand of a modern yacht. On single alternator
circuits, the power may be split between the engine
starting battery and the domestic or house battery
(or batteries) by use of a split-charge diode (battery
isolator) or a voltage-sensitive relay.
18. • Radio Alternators:
High frequency alternators of the variable-reluctance
type were applied commercially to radio transmission in
the low-frequency radio bands. These were used for
transmission of Morse code and, experimentally, for
transmission of voice and music. In the Alexanderson
alternator, both the field winding and armature winding
are stationary, and current is induced in the armature by
virtue of the changing magnetic reluctance of the rotor
(which has no windings or current carrying parts). Such
machines were made to produce radio frequency
current for radio transmissions, although the efficiency
was low.