This presentation focuses on some of the events that occurred in South Africa during Apartheid.

1. OVERCOMING
APARTHEID

2. THE NATURE OF INTERNAL RESISTANCE TO
APARTHEID BEFORE 1960
 The ANC used peaceful forms of resistance such as petitions, but
when the NP adopted the Apartheid policy it was seen as
discriminatory and oppressive.
 This was seen as a freedom struggle which had to be fought
 The ANC then adopted a policy of civil disobedience but remained
non-violent

3. FROM PETITIONS TO THE PROGRAMME OF
ACTION
The ANC Youth League was formed in 1948
and the party became more militant.
There was a call for active resistance such as
strikes and boycotts

4. THE ANC AND THE PROGRAMME OF
ACTION

5. A call for Unity was requested to unite against Apartheid policies.
The ANC Youth League then proposed the programme of Action
Black workers were encouraged to embark on mass action, civil
disobedience campaigns, boycotts and other forms of non-violent resistance

6. THE DEFIANCE
CAMPAIGN
 It was an Anti-apartheid movement which was
formed to prevent to removal of the Coloureds
from common voters roll
 The campaign was planned in 1952 and wanted
apartheid laws to be removed by February 1952
 The Defiance Campaign was formed by alliance
members including Mandela, Sisulu and Tambo.

7. THE ROLE OF
WOMEN IN THE
LIBERATION
STRUGGLE

8.  In 1955 the Black Sash was founded by White women, who defended
human rights issues and one of these women was Helen Joseph.
 When the government announced that women would start carrying passes
like men, the Federation of South African Women (FEDSAW) was formed.
 On 9 August 1956, 20 000 women of all races marched to the Union
buildings in Pretoria

9.  Thousands of protest letters were sent to prime minister Strijdom but he
never replied
 FEDSAW as an organization gained support due to this event and women
became recognized within the ranks of the resistance movement.
 Some of the most significant leaders of FEDSAW included, Lilian Ngoyi
(African), Rahima Moosa (Indian), Sophie Williams (Coloured) and Helen
Joseph (White).