Geophysics course

2. • Give a general overview on different geophysical field
methods.
• Explain the basic principles of data acquisition, processing
and interpretation of each geophysical method.
• Outline capabilities and limitation of various geophysical
techniques.
• Set the foundations for advanced studies in each geophysical
techniques.

4. What is geophysics?
Apply the principles of
physics to study the Earth.
This could be the
discovery of the century.
. Depending, of course on
. how deep down it goes..

5. Who is a geophysicist?
I was setting in my office minding my own business doing
whatever I do everyday for living when I overheard our
secretary showing a new employee around the building. She
said: “Here are the offices of our geophysicists… They are
some kind of geologists… Well, not exactly…. I mean a
different kind of geologists…
ANYWAY, THE REAL GEOLOGISTS ARE UPSTAIRS.

6. Classification of geophysics
Based on usage
 Theoretical Geophysics
 Applied Geophysics

7. Classification of geophysics
Based on Scale
 Global Geophysics Deeper than 10,000 m.
 Exploration Geophysics 100 : 10,000 m.
 Env. & Eng. Geophysics Less than 100 m.
 Archaeological Geophysics Less than 30 m.

8. Classification of geophysics
Based on field
 Potential Field Methods (Gravity, Magnetic)
 Wave Field Methods (Seismic, Ground Penetrating
Radar)
 Electromagnetic Field Methods (Electromagnetic,
Electric)

9. Classification of geophysics
Based on another field
 Land Geophysics
 Airborne Geophysics
 Marine Geophysics
 Well Logging

10. Operative physical properties
 Seismic: density and elastic moduli
 Gravity: density
 Magnetic: magnetic susceptibility and remanence
 Electrical resistivity: electrical conductivity
 Electrical induced polarization: electrical capacitance
 Self potential: electrical conductivity
 Electromagnetic: electrical conductivity and inductance
 Radar (GPR): dielectric constant

11. Basic definitions
 Geophysical Field Survey
 Geophysical Profile
 Field Station
 Measurement or Reading
 Anomaly or Anoumaly?

12. Signal & Noise
 What is signal?
 What is noise?
 Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)
 Coherency vs. randomness
 How to enhance S/N Ratio?

13.  Planning
 Data Acquisition
 Data Processing
 Data Interpretation
 Reporting
Stages of geophysical survey

14. Sources of noise

15. Anomaly
Sulphide
Gravity
Magnetic
Turam
VLF
Pyrhotite
0
+
-
G.S.

16. Data presentation
Cross section

17. Data presentation
Map

18. Data presentation
3D

19. Data presentation
4D

20. Final picture

21. Positioning
• Compass
• Measuring tapes
• Arial photographs
• GPS
• Satellite images