anticoagulant classification

1. ANTICOAGULANT
PRESENTED BY
MISS TASMIA ZEB

2. Anticoagulan
t
When Blood is collected, it clots after sometime. The
anticoagulants are the chemical agents which
prevent the clotting of Blood when mixed with
Blood in proper proportion.
Purpose of using anticoagulants:
- For study of various constituents of Blood
components.
- Study of coagulation(clotting of Blood).
- Preservation of Blood in Blood Bank.
Properties of anticoagulant
- It must be soluble in Blood.
- It must be keep the blood in fluid condition,
- It must not be bring haemolysis of Blood cells.
- It must not be change the size of RBC.
- It must minimize destruction of leukocytes.

3. Coagulation(clotting) mechanism
Thrombopla
stin
Calcium

5. Classification
o
f
anticoagulant1.Calcium
chelator
Bind with
CalciumOxalates
It is following forms:-
-Ammonium Oxalate
-Potassium Oxalate
- Double Oxalate
 EDTA
(Ethylenediaminetetraacetiacid)
Tri-sodium citrate etc.
2. Non-calcium
chelator Do not bind
with Calcium
Heparin
Warfarin
etc.
Most of the anticoagulants used in laboratory act by binding
with calcium and prevent clotting of blood since calcium ion is
essential for many of the steps in coagulation mechanism.

6. Oxalates
Ammonium oxalate:-
This is used at a concentration of 2 mg for 1 ml
of Blood.
This anticoagulant causes swelling of the RBC therefore,
it is not recommended for use with blood for PCV,ESR
and cell morphology.
Potassium oxalate:-
It is used at a concentration of 2 mg for 1 ml of Blood. This
anticoagulant is most often used for chemical analysis. It
causes shrinkage of RBC therefore it is also is not
recommended for the study of PCV,ESR and other cell
morphology.
Double oxalate:-
Ammonium oxalate and Potassium oxalate are
combined together to balance the swelling effect of
Ammonium oxalate and the shrinking effect of Potassium
oxalate on the red cells. It is the mixture of 3 parts of
Ammonium oxalate and 2 parts of Potassium oxalate
o Ammonium
oxalate
o Potassium
2.4
gram
1.6

7. E.D.T.A.(Ethylenediamine tetra-
acetic acid)
 I t is the most commonly used
anticoagulant in Haematology lab because
E.D.T.A. is the most powerful calcium
chelating (binding) agent we have. It gives
the best preservation to the cell morphology
therefore E.D.T.A. is the preferred
anticoagulant
for all cell count and blood smear
preparation.
E.D.T.A. is used in two different forms:-
Di-sodium E.D.T.A. salt (Versene)
Di-potassium E.D.T.A. salt (Sequestrene)

8. Excess
o
f
EDTA
Excess of EDTA affects both red
blood cells and leukocytes causing
shrinkage and degenerative changes.
Excess of EDTA ( in case of 2
mg/ml) maycause
signific
ant
volume(PCV)
an
d
decreas
e
increa
se
in packed
cell in
mean
cell
haemoglobin concentration (MCHC).
Platelets swell and disintegrate due to
the excess of EDTA and artificially high
platelets count may be obtained due to
disintegrated platelets.

9. Tri-sodium
citrate I t is used as a liquid form.
 I t binds with calcium.
 The concentration of Tri- sodium citrate is
used as 3.8%.
 For PT (Prothrombin Time) a kind of
coagulation test, 3.8% Tri-Sodium citrate is used
at the ratio of 1:9 i.e. 1 part of anticoagulant and
9 part of Blood.( 200 µl of 3.8% Tri-Sodium
citrate and 1.8 ml of Blood is used.)
 Fro ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) by
Westerngreen method
1 part of 3.8% Tri-Sodium citrate is mixed with 4
part of Blood that is the ratio of 1:4.( 400 µl of
3.8% Tri-Sodium citrate and 1.6 ml of Blood is
mixed).

10. Heparin
 I t is a natural anticoagulant and
isnormally present in the blood in
small amount and highly acidic.
This is the best anticoagulant for
open heart surgery and it causes
minimum haemolysis.
 I t is very expensive.
 I t produce black back ground in
the smear so it is not use for smear
preparation.

11. Anticoagulant used in
Blood Bank ACD (Acid CitrateDextrose)
 CPD ( Citrate Phosphate Dextrose)
CPDA (Citrate Phosphate Dextrose
Adenine)