3. Introduction
Immunization Programme in India was introduced in 1978 as
‘Expanded Programme Of Immunization’ (EPI) by the Ministry of
Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. In 1985, the
programme was modified as ‘Universal Immunization Programme’
(UIP) to be implemented in phased manner to cover all districts
in the country by 1989-90 with the one of largest health
programme in the world. Despite being operational for many
years, UIP has been able to fully immunize only 65% children in
the first year of their life.
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4. ✘ Through UIP, Government of India is providing vaccination free of cost
against vaccine preventable diseases include diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus,
polio, measles, severe form of childhood tuberculosis, hepatitis B, meningitis
and pneumonia (Hemophilus influenza type B infections), Japanese
encephalitis (JE) in JE endemic districts with introduction of newer
vaccines such as rotavirus vaccine, IPV, adult JE vaccine, pneumococcal
conjugate vaccine (PCV) and measles-rubella (MR) vaccine in UIP/national
immunization programme.
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AIM:-
7. To fully immunize
more than 89 lakh
children who are either
unvaccinated or
partially vaccinated
under Universal
Immunization
Programme (UIP)
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AIM:-
8. 90% population is to be
immunized by 2022.
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Target:-
Children under 2 years of
age and pregnant women
for immunization.
Goal:-
9. It covers vaccine for
✘ Diptheria
✘ Whooping Cough
✘ Tetanus
✘ Poliomyelitis
✘ Tuberculosis
✘ Measles
✘ Meningitis
✘ Hepatitis-B
✘ Vaccines for Japanese
Encephalitis and
Haemophilus influenza are
also being provided in
selected areas.
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Implementation:-
12. To reach each and every child
under two years of age and all
those pregnant women who have
been left uncovered under the
routine immunization
programme.
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AIM:-
13. To ensure full immunization to
more than 90% by December
2018
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Goal:-
14. ✘ Under IMI, greater focus has been
given on urban areas which was
one of the gaps of Mission
Indradhanush.
✘ It has covered low performing
areas in the selected districts
(highly priority districts) and
urban areas.
✘ Special attention was given to
unserved/low-coverage pockets in
sub-centre and urban slums with
migratory populations.
✘ Focus was also on the urban
settlements and cities identified
under the NUHM.
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Implementations:-
16. Intensified Mission
Indradhanush 2.0 was
launched on December 2019 by
the Government as the second
phase of nationwide
immunization drive to mark
the 25 years of Pulse Polio
Programme
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18. To reach the unreached with
all available vaccines and
accelerate the coverage of
children and pregnant women
in the identified districts.
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AIM:-
19. The target was the districts
which have immunization
coverage of 70% or below.
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Target:-
20. ✘ Immunization activity was held in 4
rounds over 7 working days excluding the
RL days, Sundays and holidays.
✘ Enhanced immunization session with
flexible timing, mobile session and
mobilization by other departments.
✘ Enhanced focus on left outs, dropouts and
resistant families and hard to reach areas.
✘ Focus on urban, underserved population
and tribal areas.
✘ Inter-ministerial and inter-departmental
co-ordination.
✘ Enhanced political,administrative and
financial commitment, through advocacy.
✘ An IMI 2.0 portal has been designed to
manage the data reporting and analysis
and to update the activities of the
ministers/departments.
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Implementations:-
23. Intensified Mission Indradhanush
has led to an increase in the full
immunization coverage by 18.5
percent points. Sustaining the gains
from the previous rounds and
improving the immunization
coverage, Intensified Mission
Indradhanush 3.0 (IMI3.0) has been
introduced.
The IMI 3.0 consists two rounds
starting from February 22 and
March 22, 2021 in pre-identified
250 districts/urban areas across 29
States/UTs in the country.
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24. The children and pregnant women
who have missed their vaccine
doses during the COVID-19
pandemic will be identified and
vaccinated during the two rounds
of IMI 3.0. Each round will be for
15 days. Beneficiaries from
migration areas and hard to reach
areas are the main targets as they
may have missed their vaccine
doses during previous year.
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Target:-
25. ✘ COVID Appropriate Behaviour (CAB) will
be ensured during the immunization
activities held as part of the IMI 3.0
campaign. States have been asked to
follow "Staggered Approach" to avoid
crowding at the session sites and even plan
Break-up sessions if staggered approach is
not effective to avoid crowding. The
sessions are also planned in such a way
that not more than 10 beneficiaries are
present at the session site at one given
point in time.
✘ An IMI 3.0 Portal
(https://imi3.nhp.gov.in/) has been
designed to manage the data reporting and
analysis, and to update the activities of
the ministries/departments and captures
pre-campaign activities, achievements
during activity, and post campaign
indicators on immunization coverage from
the line ministries.
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Implementations:-
27. ✘ Help the programme officers and administrators at the block, district, state
and national level to have real time information on the progress of the
campaign.
✘ Real time information will enable them to take timely action on slow progress
in any particular area.
✘ India has the opportunity to achieve further reductions in deaths among
children under five years of age
✘ Help achieving the sustainable development goal of ending preventable child
deaths by 2030.
✘ Critical to India’s efforts of reducing the burden of vaccine-preventable
diseases and universal care for children.
✘ Benefit other health programmes,viz.the community mobilization, logistics
management, reaching the last mile or setting up a surveillance system.
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Significance:-