HSC Writing Section by হযবরল English

 n h e i j English  1
 n h e i j English 
Lecture Sheet
HSC
Table of Contents
English 1st Paper
Serial Topic
1. Summary Writing
2. Flow Chart
3. Writing Paragraph
4. Completing Story
5. E-mail Or, Informal Letter Writing
6. Graph & Chart
7. Appreciating Short Story/Poem
Table of Contents
English 2nd Paper
Serial Topic
1. Application Writing
2. Paragraph Writing
First &
Second Paper
Writing
Section

English First Paper
Summary Writing English
First Paper
Summary Writing (Textual Poems)
01 Write a summary of the following poem.
The Traffic Police
Amidst killer speeds I stand
Facing the traffic, stretching my hand.
I am seen on kid's books and as cartoons everywhere
Educating people and asking them to beware
Of the erratic traffic and the signboards
Seen on almost all the roads.
So that you're safe I see each one of you
But my sweat, my plight on the road sees who?
Be it sunny or rainy,
For your safety I must be
Vigil and agile, on the middle
Standing erect, as fit as a fiddle.
..........................................
Answer
A traffic police is a very dutiful and hard working person. He
stands amid the speedy movement of vehicles on the road. He
does this risky and sweating job for the public safety. But people
do not understand and properly evaluate his work. The poet
wants to honour the traffic police, who makes an important role
in the society inspite of being deprived.
Love and Friendship
by William Shakespeare
Blow, blow, thou winter wind,
Thou art not so unkind
As man's ingratitude;
Thy tooth is not so keen,
Because thou art not seen,
Although thy breath be rude.
Heigh-ho! sing heigh-ho! unto the green holly:
Most friendship is feigning, most loving mere folly :
Then heigh-ho, the holly!
This life is most jolly..............................
Answer
It is a song taken from William Shakespeare's play As You Like
It. Here the poet thinks that human friendship is feigning and
hypocritical. It has no depth or significance. So he glorifies
winter wind and invites it to blow. He thinks that winter wind is
not as unkind as man's ingratitude. That's why, he prefers winter
wind, which has no sensation to human beings.
'The Schoolboy'
by William Blake
I love to rise in a summer morn,
When the birds sing on every tree;
The distant huntsman winds his horn,
And the skylark sings with me :
O what sweet company!
But to go to school in a summer morn,-
O it drives all joy away!
Under a cruel eye outworn,
The little ones spend the day
In sighing and dismay.................
Answer
The poet tells the reader about the innocence and tenderness of
childhood. Children naturally love a summer morning, birds'
chirping, huntsmen's horns and skylarks' songs. School going
children cannot enjoy these because they have to go to school in the
morning. They have to pass the school time in sighing and dismay.
A traditional school deprives a child of all its innocence and joy.
'The Schoolboy'
by William Blake
Ah then at times I drooping sit,
And spend many an anxious hour;
Nor in my book can I take delight,
Nor sit in learning's bower,
Worn through with the dreary shower.
How can the bird that is born for joy
Sit in a cage and sing?
How can a child, when fears annoy,
But droop his tender wing,
And forget his youthful spring! ...................
Answer :
William Blake was a romantic and mystic poet of the late 18th
century. Here the poet draws the picture of a schoolboy who
wants to live in youthful joy but faces drudgery and annoyance
at school. At a school, a child has to suffer from fear and
anxiety. There he/ she drowses and sweats. As a bird born for
joy does not love a cage, a child also does not like an unfriendly
environment of traditional school at all. A school deprives a
child of all childhood dreams and glee.
'The Schoolboy'
by William Blake
O father and mother if buds are nipped,
And blossoms blown away;
And if the tender plants are stripped
Of their joy in the springing day,
By sorrow and care's dismay,
How shall the summer arise in joy,
Or the summer fruits appear?
Or how shall we gather what griefs destroy,
Or bless the mellowing year,
When the blasts of winter appear?
Answer
The poet addresses the parents to be sympathetic to their
children. He tells the parents if buds are nipped and blossoms are
blown away, buds and blossoms will die untimely death.
Likewise, if children are deprived of their joy and sent to a
school of cruel environment, they will lose all their innocence
and lead a joyless life. Without summer fruits, summer will not
have any joy. Likewise, joyless school life turns a child's joy of
summer into the blasts of winter.
'Out, Out-'
by Robert Frost
The buzz saw snarled and rattled in the yard
And made dust and dropped stove-length sticks of wood,
Sweet-scented stuff when the breeze drew across it.
And from there those that lifted eyes could count

Five mountain ranges one behind the other
Under the sunset far into Vermont.
And the saw snarled and rattled, snarled and rattled,
As it ran light, or had to bear a load........................
Answer :
The poem "Out, Out" depicts the social realities of Robert
Frost's time. At first we see that the saw is a machine making
animal noises "snarling" and "rattling". The first few lines
narrate the setting of the poem. When the wind blows, the dust is
a sweet scented stuff. If a person were to look around the scene,
he would encounter the beauty of Vermont and the five
mountains. The saw continues running and making sounds.
'Out, Out-'
by Robert Frost
Call it a day, I wish they might have said
To please the boy by giving him the half hour
That a boy counts so much when saved from work.
His sister stood beside him in her apron
To tell them 'Supper,' At the word, the saw,
As if to prove saws knew what supper meant,
Leaped out at the boy's hand, or seemed to leap-
He must have given the hand. However it was,
Neither refused the meeting, But the hand!
The boy's first outcry was a rueful laugh,..............
Answer
The above lines are an exquisite piece of literary work that
provides social realities. The day was almost over. The narrator
wishes that the boy could have stopped half an hour early so that
he could do what boys like to do. The boy's sister came with the
supper. Right then the saw acted as though it knew what supper
means. The boy did not pay attention and put his hand into the
saw and the saw completed its supper.
'Out, Out-'
by Robert Frost
........."Don't let him cut my hand off...............
The doctor, when he comes. Don't let him, sister!"
So. But the hand was gone already.
The doctor put him in the dark of ether.
He lay and puffed his lips out with his breath.
And then-the watcher at his pulse took fright.
No one believed. They listened at his heart.
Little-less-nothing!-and that ended it.
No more to build on there, And they, since they
Were not the one dead, turned to their affairs.
Answer :
Unfortunately this little boy had been doing a job that is for the
adults. He was too small to use such dangerous piece of
equipment. He cried out and requested his sister not to let the
doctor cut off his hand. But the hand was already gone. The
doctor gave him anesthesia. The boy was having trouble in
breathing. Slowly, the boy's breathing lessened. The boy died
but life goes on. Since the people who were a part of his life
could do nothing, they went on with their works.
I Have Seen Bengal's Face
Translation of Jibanananda Das
"Banglar Mukh Ami Dekhiachhi" by Fakrul Alam
Because I have seen Bengal's face I will seek no more;
The world has not anything more beautiful to show me.
Waking up in darkness, gazing at the fig-tree, I behold
Dawn's swallows roosting under huge umbrella-like leaves. I
look around me
And discover a leafy dome-Jam, Kanthal, Bat, Hijol and
Aswatha trees-
All in a hush, shadowing clumps of cactus and zedoary bushes.
When long, long ago, Chand came in his honeycombed boat
To a blue Hijal, Bat and Tamal shade near the Champa, he too
sighted
Bengal's incomparable beauty. One day, alas. In the Ganguri,
On a raft, as the waning moon sank on the river's sandbanks,
Behula too saw countless aswaths bats besides golden rice fields
And heard the thrush's soft song. One day, arriving in Amara,
Where gods held court, when she danced like a desolate wagtail,
Bengal's rivers, fields, flowers, wailed like strings of bells on her
feet.
Answer
Jibanananda Das here describes the beauty as well as lost glory
of Bengal. The poet wants to see a glorious Bengal, a country
that had high glory in the antiquity. That was a Bengal of Chand
Saudagar and Behula. Besides, the natural landscape of Bengal
makes it a beautiful country. That's why, having been born in
this country, the poet wishes to see no more country of the
world. He expresses both his pride and sorrow concerning this
country.
'Dreams'
by D.H. Lawrence
All people dream, but not equally.
Those who dream by night in the dusty recesses of their mind,
Wake in the morning to find that it was vanity.
But the dreamers of the day are dangerous people,
For they dream their dreams with open eyes,
And make them come true.
Answer
The poem "Dreams" written by D.H. Lawrence is a short poem
about the types of dreams. Here he expresses his valuable
thought what he thinks about different kinds of dreams. To the
poet everyone's dreams are not the same. People who dream at
night while sleeping forget everything in the next morning. This
kind of dream comes from the nasty regions of their mind. They
take no initiatives to make them come true. They are all hollow
inside. But there are some other dreamers who are dangerous.
These dangerous dreamers dream during day time. These people
dream keeping their eyes open and make them come true.
'Dreams'
by Langston Hughes
Hold fast to dreams
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
Hold fast to dreams
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.

Answer
"Dreams" is an extremely short poem by Langston Hughes
written in free verse. The poet in this poem suggests his readers
to hold on tightly to their dreams. According to the poet if
dreams die, life will be like a bird with damaged wings that
cannot fly. When dreams go away, life is a "barren field"
covered with frozen snow.
'The Lake Isle of Innisfree'
by W.B. Yeats
I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,
And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made;
Nine bean rows will I have there, a hive for the honey bee
And live alone in the bee loud glade.
And I shall have some peace there, for peace comes
dropping slow
Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket
sings;
There midnight's all a glimmer, and noon a purple glow,
And evening full of the linnet's wings.......................
Answer :
W.B. Yeats is a modernist poet. He was born in a world of
turmoil and frustration. The world was inflicted by
mechanisation, hatred and war. Especially people were tired of
the mechanised and prosaic town-life. In the cities, people lost
all human compassions and conscience. That's why, the poet has
expressed his own dream to go to the lake island Innisfree, a
village, where he will have a peaceful life. There he will live
amid bean rows, bee hives, crickets' songs and linnets' wings. He
will get relieved of the drudgery of city life and find real peace.
B. From 'September 1, 1939'
by W. H. Auden
I sit on one of the dives
On Fifty-second Street
Uncertain and afraid
As the clever hopes expire.
Of a low dishonest decade:
Waves of anger and fear
Circulate over the bright
And darkened lands of the earth,
Obsessing our private lives;
The unmentionable odour of death
Offends the September night.
Answer
In the poem, "September 1, 1939," the poet W.H. Auden
describes the brutality of impending World War II. On
September 1, 1939, he was in a dive bar in New York City. Here
he expresses his mental fear regarding the war. Here he
describes what the war will bring. Because of the war all the
good hopes are gone. There is anger and fear all around. The
bright future will be destroyed and the earth will turn into a dark
land. Private lives will be disrupted and there will be
unmentionable odour of death with the outbreak of the war.
The Charge of the Light Brigade
by Lord Alfred Tennyson
Half a league, half a league,
Half a league onward,
All in the valley of Death,
Rode the six hundred.
'Forward, the Light Brigade!'
Charge for the guns' he said:
Into the valley of Death
Rode the six hundred. ................
Answer
"The Charge of the Light Brigade" is a well known poem of
Lord Alfred Tennyson. The poem tells the story of a brigade
who rode on horseback into the "valley of death" for half a
league (about one and a half miles). The brigade consists of 600
soldiers. They were obeying a command to charge the enemy
forces that had been seizing their guns. Though it was a death
mission, not a single soldier was discouraged or distressed by
the command to charge forward.
'Forward, the Light Brigade!'
Was there a man dismay'd?
Not tho' the soldiers knew
Some one had blunder'd:
Theirs not to make reply,
Theirs not to reason why,
Theirs but to do and die:
Into the valley of Death
Rode the six hundred.
Answer
This is a poem about the courage of 600 soldiers who rode on
horseback into the "valley of death" for about one and a half
miles. The soldiers were obeying a command to charge the
enemy. It was a death mission, they knew. All the soldiers
realized that their commander had made a terrible mistake. But
not a single soldier felt discouraged or distressed knowing the
fact. The role of the soldier is to obey and 'not to make reply',
'not to reason why'. So they followed orders and rode into the
"valley of death".
..............................
Plunged in the battery-smoke
Right thro' the line they broke;
Cossack and Russian
Reel'd from the sabre-stroke
Shatter'd and sunder'd.
Then they rode back, but not
Not the six hundred.
Cannon to right of them,
Cannon to left of them,
Cannon behind them
Volley'd and thunder'd
.............................
Answer
The poem tells the story of the Crimean War that took place
between Russia and the British empire. The light Brigade
consisting of 600 soldiers rode into the death valley. They
moved right through the smoke coming from the cannons. They
even broke through the line. They were small in number but they
shattered and sundered the enemies. The soldiers were

surrounded by the enemies cannon from their left, right and
back. In spite of this, they fought bravely forcing the Cossacks
and the Russians back.
'She Walks in Beauty'
by Lord Byron
She walks in beauty, like the night
Of cloudless climes and starry skies;
And all that's best of dark and bright
Meet in her aspect and her eyes :
Thus mellowed to that tender light
Which heaven to gaudy day denies.
................................
Answer
"She Walks in Beauty" is written by Lord Byron. The poem is
about an unnamed woman. She is really very beautiful. The poet
here compares her to lots of beautiful things but the things are
'dark like night' and 'starry skies'. The poet compares the beauty
of the woman to the cloudless night which has lots of stars.
According to the poet "all that's best of dark and bright" are parts
of her aspects and eyes. Byron again says that she has a perfect
balance of beauty.
'I Died For Beauty'
by Emily Dickinson
I died for beauty, but was scarce
Adjusted in the tomb,
When one who died for truth was lain
In an adjoining room.
He questioned softly why I failed?
'For beauty,' I replied.
'And I for truth- the two are one;
We brethren are,' he said.
And so, as kinsmen met a-night,
We talked between the rooms,
Until the moss had reached our lips,
And covered up our names.
Answer
The speaker says that she died for beauty. She is not alone. There
lay a man next to her who died for truth. The man asked her why
she died and the reply was that she died for beauty. And the man
told that he for truth. The man declared that Truth and Beauty are
the same and so he and the speaker are "brethren". The speaker
says that they met at night, "as kinsmen", and talked between their
tombs until the moss reached their lips and covered up the names
on their tombstones.
Summary Writing
1. The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said, 'Man is by
nature a social animal.' What he meant was that man, by
instinct, seeks company of others and establishes
relationships, much like most animals of the wild, for
companionship and for physical and emotional support.
Unlike the animals however, man's relationships give
meaning to his existence and inspires him to do well in
education, in workplace or in a profession that he pursues.
Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and
intimate, formed by blood and by marriage; some are social
like the ones we have with friends and some are made in
school where we form close bonds with classmates and
teachers. Relationships can also be fostered in workplace,
which may quickly change from professional to social.
There are relationships also between human beings and
animals, between children and their toys that they cannot
part with.
All these relationships keep us close to each other and
provide us all kinds of support, love and affection. A
person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and
isolation. There is no one to laugh or cry with him/her.
When we share our joy with someone, it simply redoubles,
and we when we suffer a loss and someone shares our
sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus needed for our
emotional health.
To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for
each other, and love where this is needed. We cannot be
selfish and possessive if we want to establish an effective
relationship. But quite often we see people quarrelling and
fighting with each other which only brings misery and loss
to all.
 Ans: As a social being, man necessarily follows the instinct
of seeking company and forming mutual relationship just
like other animals for motivation and inspiration.
Relationships can be of different types; they can be familial
or intimate. They can also develop from interactions with
others in different social organizations. The necessity of
companionship is truly felt by those who have none to share
compassion or emotion with. An effective relationship
amplifies our happiness and minimizes our sorrows.
Therefore, to cherish a lasting relationship, we should
develop trust, respect and dispose of qualities like
selfishness, possessiveness and abstain from fights and
quarrels.
2. Sheikh Kemal, the eldest son of Bangabazdhu Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman and Bangamata Fazilatunnesa Mujib, was
born at Tungipara in Gopalganj district. He spent his
childhood there. Kamal received his secondary education at
Dhaka's BAF Shaheen School from where he passed his
SSC examination. He was then admitted to Dhaka College,
and after his HSC examination he became a student at the
department of Sociology of Dhaka University. Karma bad a
colorful life marked by liveliness and creativity. Besides his
academic studies, he also pursued his passion for sports and
cultural activities. He was a find division basketball and
cricket player as well as a sports organizer. He was also
interested in classical music, and became a student of
Chhayanaut to learn Sitar under the tutelage of Ustad Ful
Mohammad. Apart from Sitar, Kama had a passion for
Piano. He had a good collection of musical instruments on
the second floor of their house at Dhanmondi, Road no. 32.
It is well known to his friends that Shah Kamal used to
begin his day practising the Sitar and during the day played
basketball or football or cricket. In the evening he was often
seen on stage rehearsing a play. He took part in stage
performance of Kabar written by prominent playwright
Shaheed Munir Chowdhury. Kemal was one of the founders
of Dhaka Theatre. He was also a founder of Spondon Shilpi
Gosthi — a cultural organization. And who doesn't know
that Sheikh Kamal was the founder of Abahoni Krira
Chokro that introduced modem football in our country?
 Ans: Sheikh Kamal, the heroic son of Bangabandhu, had
extraordinary academic and cultural achievements. Passing
from BAF Shaheen School and Dhaka College, he
graduated from Dhaka University in. Sociology.
Simultaneously, he devoted himself in his cultural and
sports activities. A multi-talented youth, Sheikh Kamal was
skilled in football, basketball, music, drama, Sitar and what
not.

3. There are interesting traits in Kamal's character. He was the
eldest son of a Prime Minister and later of a President. Yet,
his life was very simple. He didn't take any advantage of
his father's name and office. As he loved to spend time with
his friends at Tungipara in his childhood, he loved to do the
same during his college and university days. Watching
good movies with them in Madhumita, Naz, or Balaka
cinema hall was also something that he really liked.
Sheikh Kamal knew that there is no shortcut to success. He
groomed himself up as a young man who earned success by
dint of perseverance and commitment. When the Pakistan
military began its genocide in Bangladesh he joined the
liberation war and received military training at Camp
Murtee, located at the Himalayan foothills in India. This
tall young man who carried himself with dignity and
possessed remarkable traits of leadership became the ADC
of General Ataul Goni Osmani, the Commander in Chief of
Bangladesh Armed Forces during the liberation war. After
independence, Sheikh Kamal could easily remain in
Bangladesh Army and pass a secure life but he preferred to
engage himself in country building and organizing the
young forces to that end. Journalist Syed Ishtiaq Reza, in
one of his columns "Ekjon Sheikh Kamal" in Bangla
Tribune, rightly says that the unique qualities of Sheikh
Kamal's character, especially his whole-hearted
involvement in sports and culture, are never seen in any son
or daughter of any President, Prime Minister or high
officials in Bangladesh.
This is unfortunate that just after 10 days of his 26 birthday
and only after a month of his marriage with Sultana Kamal,
a Dhaka University Blue in athletics, his life was cut short
by a group of cowardly killers. Both he and his wife along
with Bangabandhu, Bangamata and most members of their
family were assassinated.
 Ans: Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of a Prime Minister and
later a President, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
was bestowed with interesting features in his character. He
was a well-groomed young man with strong morality who
had whole-hearted involvement in sports and cultural
activities. Despite being a son of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,
he chose the path of perseverance and commitment. Apart
from being culture-minded, he possessed courage and
leadership qualities. Having returned from the Liberation
War, Katmai engaged himself in nation building activities
although he had an opportunity to choose a secured job in
Bangladesh Army. However, it is really tragic that Sheikh
Kamal along with Bangabandhu and most other members of
his family was killed brutally by some assassins.
4. Nishat Mazumder, a Bangladeshi woman in her early
forties, is a sports icon. She comes of a modest background;
her father is a businessman and her mother is a housewife.
She is the second of four siblings. She is not very tall or
well built, or does not have a charming princess look; but
this apparently ordinary girl has three things that she can be
proud of. These are: she has extraordinarily supportive
parents who accepted her dreams as real; her father was a
freedom fighter in the Liberation War of Bangladesh in
1971, and she scaled the highest peak in the world as the
fast Bangladeshi girl in 2012. Nishat's life presents an
inspirational story that the youth in Bangladesh needs to
know.
Nishat was born on 5 January 1981 in a village called Teori,
which is situated in Ramganj upazila in Lakshmipur
District. She completed her schooling from Bottomley
Home Girls' High School in 1997, and passed HSC from
Shahid Anwar Girls' College in 1999. She earned her
bachelor's and master's degrees in Accounting from Dhaka
City College, and currently works for Dhaka WASA as an
accountant. She is also interested in different languages and
cultures of the world, and has enrolled for her MA in Japan
Studies at Dhaka University. For us, Nishat's life comes
across as especially significant because it tells us how the
influence of one person can motivate someone to dream
big. As the daughter of a freedom fighter, Nishat had to
face many obstacles in her life, but her mother, her role
model, gave her courage and determination to overcome
them and pursue her dreams. Ashura Mazumder, Nishat's
mother, is a hardworking and understanding woman, who
has been a pillar of support for her family in the direst of
situations. Nishat learned from her mother how to keep
mental strength in calamitous moments of life. Learning
from her, Nishat began her dream of conquering mountains.
 Ans: Nishat Mazumder is a Bangladeshi sports icon. She is
proud of her supporting parents whose inspiration enabled
her to reach the highest mountain peak in the world as the
first Bangladeshi girl in 2012. She was born on 5
Januar3r1981 in Lakshmipur. She passed the SSC and HSC
exams in 1997 and 1999 respectively. After that she
completed her Bachelor's and Master's degrees from Dhaka
City College. Feeling interested in different languages and
cultures of the world, she has got into Dhaka University to
do MA in Japan Studies.
5. Once upon a time, there was a strange man who was highly
bothered to see others' happiness. His own personal interest
was at any cost important to him. Neither was he a polite
man, nor did he like other people to be polite to each other.
In fact, he hated the courteous and polite people around him
and thus he hated a few expressions like please, thank you,
don't mention it, etc. It troubled him a lot when people
around were smiling to use these expressions.
The man considered all these expressions extravagant. So,
he took a mission to invent a device that would steal these
polite words. He calculated two benefits from his efforts.
One, people won't use these words and thus he would be
relieved of his apathy to people's polite behaviour and the
second one was earning money by selling the words stolen
by the machine to somebody else. He took great caution so
that nobody would understand his secret plan. After a few
months' hard work, he succeeded in inventing the machine
he desired for a long long time.
The machine started working and it gave the man complete
satisfaction. People from their long practice would try to
say — thank you, so kind of you, my pleasure, don't
mention it, etc. as to appreciate others or express gratitude.
But their tongue could not produce these words. The
machine caught them. It resulted in a huge change in
people's behaviour and attitudes. Gradually people became
rough and tough, they lost their mental cool, they were
blaming each other or fighting with each other. They
became so selfish that they started refusing to help others
without having a return for their service. Love, respect,
affections, fellow feelings became some unknown words
and, eventually, they were missing from people's practices.
 Ans: Once there was a wicked man who hated the kind and
polite people around him. Being apathetic to people's polite
behaviour, he invented a machine to steal the words and
expressions of politeness and kindness. Consequently,
people became rough and tough and selfish. Love, respect,
affection and fellow-feelings were missing from people's
practices.

6. The man was terribly happy with his success, but he didn't
count on two little girls of special needs. They had speech
difficulty and so they used to communicate using sign
language. Since the machine couldn't steal gestures, these
girls continued their previous practices of being kind and
polite. Soon they realised the difference between them and
other people which led them to investigate the reason. After
much toil, they could discover the wicked man, who was in
a hideout on the top of a hill next to the sea with his
enormous machine busy in capturing people's polite words
and separating them into letters. The girls found the man
taking a nap when they crept up to the machine and
rewound it so that people could get back to their normal
behaviour.
As a result, the machine exploded, scattering all the letters it
had gathered into the sky. After some moments, the letters
started coming down, like rain, and ended up in the sea.
After that, everyone became polite and respectful to each
other again. The anger and the arguments stopped, proving
that good manners are very useful for keeping people
together in a spirit of happiness.
 Ans: The machine could not steal the sign language. The
two girls with speech difficulty continued their practices of
being kind and polite. Finding the difference between them
and other people, the girls started investigating the reason.
They crept up to the machine and rewound it and as a result,
people got back their lost words. They became polite and
respectful to one another once again. Thus, it was
understood that good manners are very useful for keeping
people together in happiness.
7. Adolescents constitute a nation's core resource for national
renewal and growth. Adolescence is a period in life when
transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and
behaviours and life styles are shaped. According to the
World Health Organisation (WHO), adolescence is the
period which shapes the future of girls' and boys' lives.
There are 28 million adolescents in Bangladesh; 13.7
million of them are girls and 14.3 million boys.
The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is
characterised by inequality and subordination within the
family and society. This inequality leads to widespread
practice of child marriage, marginalisation or exclusion
from health, education and economic opportunities, and
vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse.
In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage is 18 for girls and
21 for boys. However, 33 percent of adolescent girls are
married before the age of 15 and 60 percent become
mothers by the age of 19. Research finds that adolescents
with higher level of education and from more affluent
families tend to marry at a later age. Boys, however,
become ready for marriage only after several years of
adolescence and young adulthood.
 Ans: Adolescents are resources for national growth.
Adolescence is a transition period. Future shapes of life take
place in this period. But the condition of millions of
adolescents, specially girls, is pitiable in Bangladesh. Girls
become the victim of inequality, subordination, early
marriage, violence, sexual abuse, etc. Even 33 per cent of
girls being married off before 15, become mothers at 19.
8. The act of thinking deeply and calmly about something in a
state of heightened awareness is known as meditation. It is
an approach to train up the mind, similar to the way that
fitness is an approach to training the body. Voltaire
explains, "Meditation is the dissolution of thoughts in
eternal awareness or pure consciousness without
objectification, knowing without thinking, merging finitude
in infinity."
From the ancient times, meditation has been a part of some
religious traditions as 'a way of achieving the body's release
from worldly cares, and creating inner harmony.
Meditation in our time is practiced by people to reduce
stress and tension, and improve focus. There are trainers
who help beginners with some exercises such as improved
breathing and progressive relaxation. One of the most
common approaches to meditation is concentration.
To develop concentration one needs to focus on a sin le
point. Since focusing the mind is challenging, a beginner
might meditate for only a few minutes and then work up to
longer durations.
Meditation releases anxiety and brings a state of calmness.
It increases the thinking ability of human brain so that
people have a better control of their emotions. Those who
practice meditation can work tirelessly for a longer period
of time. Meditation helps improve blood circulation in the
brain and other parts of the body. Finally, meditation
improves creativity, self-awareness and tolerance.
 Ans: The act of deep and quiet thinking is meditation. It is
an approach to psychological fitness. It has become
religious traditions from time immemorial. In fact, it lessens
stress and tension. Moreover, it develops concentration,
brings quietness, and controls emotions. It also maximizes
the brain's capacity. Therefore, everybody should practise
meditations for achieving sound health and unique qualities
of human life.
9. Education gives us knowledge and a set of abilities to
function meaningfully in life, such as the ability to decide
things rationally and make the right choices. As we learn
how to read, write and do the basic operations of arithmetic,
we gain a degree of self-confidence. We learn to think for
ourselves and articulate our thoughts; we pick up skills to
communicate with others and manage our affairs well.
Education helps us think independently and make our own
opinions. As we know more about the world, we appreciate
the good things it offers us but also become critical of the
deviations from the values it imparts and the rise of hatred
or conflict that follows.
The fast thing education does is to give us an awareness
about ourselves which leads to the development of our
personality. As we begin school, we feel the need to belong
to the class and make friends. We then expand our sense of
belonging to include the school at large, our community and
finally our country. Education thus prepares every child to
become an active member of the community and work for
its welfare.
 Ans: Education enables us to make our life meaningful.
When we learn to read, write and calculate, we gain self-
confidence to think independently and communicate
successfully. As we learn more, we become analytical about
.the conflicts in society. Education, giving us awareness,
develops our personality. Formal education, makes us
sociable in all respects and helps us to grow as a worthy
citizen of the country and work for its wellbeing.
10. Education, it is believed, releases our potentials and our
inner strengths. It sharpens our intellect and develops our
creativity. As we are taught to reason well and find
solutions to the problems of life we become productive
members of society. Education by definition is progressive
and liberal, teaching us to respect human diversity and

cultural and religious differences. If all of us practise these
values in life, the world becomes a much happier place.
Education also fosters critical thinking and provides us a set
of competencies including life skills that enable us to
become competitive even in the most challenging of
circumstances. Education also teaches us to appreciate
beauty and the bounties of nature.
School, however, is not the only place where a child gets
education. A Bangle poem tells us that nature can be our
best teacher. Here are a couple of lines from the poem in
English translation:
The sky has taught me to be liberal. The wind has given me
the motto to be industrious.
If we can make nature our friend, philosopher and guide, we
can learn lessons about life that, combined with what our
schools teach us, will prepare us for the future.
 Ans: Education, with provision of knowledge and a set of
abilities, enables us to live well. It sharpens our intellect and
develops our creative power. Moreover, it makes us
respectful to human diversity and cultural and religious
differences. In the process of our education, we gain ability
to think critically and also gain competencies including life-
oriented skills. As a result, we can face the most challenging
situations in our life. Apart from school, nature can also
teach us. Academic education, fused with the lessons learnt
from nature, can prepare us for the future.
11. Ecotourism is a booming business that many tour operators
cite as being helpful to nature. Every year, millions of
people descend on protected and pristine natural areas to
observe rare species. However, a new report casts doubt on
the value of this form of tourism. In fact, it suggests that
ecotourism is more damaging than helpful to nature.
Details are in a report published in the journal 'Trends in
Ecology and Evolution'. Researchers believe tourists are
disrupting animals in their natural habitat. They pointed to
a recent event where sea turtles in Costa Rica had problems
laying their eggs because of the hordes of tourists who had
congregated to watch the turtles' nesting habits.
The report says that ecotourism is making animals bolder
and that this could endanger the animals. A regular human
presence might make animals tamer and less cautious about
other animals around them, and this could put them at risk
of being attacked by their natural threats. "Then they will
suffer higher mortality when they encounter real predators,"
the report says. It added: "When animals interact in 'benign'
ways with humans, they may let down their guard." The
report said it was essential "to develop a more
comprehensive understanding of how different species in
different situations respond to human visitation and under
what precise conditions human exposure might put them at
risk"
 Ans: Though ecotourism is a booming business, a new
report suggests that it does more harm than good to nature.
Researchers highlight that tourists are disrupting animals in
their natural habitats referring to disrupting the turtles'
nesting habits. Regular presence of humans change their
natural behaviour and put them at risk of extinction.
12. The success of Kalsindur girls reads like an epic. They
started their journey with practically nothing. They didn't
have any boots or jerseys to wear. Initially, they played
wearing salwar and kamij. They also suffered from
malnutrition. What made them win against all adversities
then? What was the magic behind? Mohammad Mafiz
Uddin was an assistant teacher at Kalsindur Government
Free Primary School where Minati Rani Sheel was the head
teacher. They observed the girls' interests in football and
decided to help. It was however not that easy. Girls playing
football is still not a common picture in Bangladesh.
Guardians were not convinced as they were used to seeing
girls helping mothers with household chores. A farmer, an
auto-rickshaw driver, a tea-shop owner or a housemaid
mother couldn't be that ambitious either. But Minati Rani
Sheet and Mohammad Mafiz Uddin persuaded them to
allow their daughters to play. Being great motivators, the
two teachers supported the girls in their effort to overcome
the odds. They inspired them, created opportunities for
them and took personal care of them. Soon the girls could
prove themselves, shaking off their inhibition. Their
success has also persuaded the villagers to come to their
support.
When the girls moved to the nearby secondary school and
college, they did not have their Minati Maam and Mafiz
Uddin Sir with them, but soon another motherly person
offered her helping hand – Mala Rani Sarkar, an Assistant
Professor of History — who was joined by one of her
colleagues, Juel Mia. They agreed to coach the girls. Mr
Jalaluddin, who was then the head teacher of the school,
also supported them. Gradually the local community, public
representatives and the local administration came forward.
Bangladesh Football Federation also gave special attention
to them and finally another football magician, Golam
Robbani Choton, the coach of the Bangladesh Women's
National Football Team, mentored these girls and helped
them become complete professional footballers.
 Ans: The Kalsindur girls made success like an epic.
Initiall3r they started to play wearing saiwar and kamij.
They also suffered from malnutrition. Two teachers
Mohammad Mafiz Uddin and Minati Rani Shed decided to
help the girls. Mohammad Mafiz Uddin and Minati Rani
Sheel persuaded the guardians to allow their daughters to
play football. Local community, public representatives and
local administration came forward to help the girls. Mala
Rarii Sarkar became the Manager of Kalsindur Women's
Football Team. Golam Rabbani Choton, the football
magician, mentored the girls. Thus, the Kalsindur girls were
able to overcome all their obstacles in order to achieve
astonishing feat in football.
13. We spend money for different reasons. We buy foods,
clothes or everyday essentials, pay for different services,
entertain people, travel to places, help others in need or
invest in business and thus spend money every day. In fact,
spending is a part of our life.
Spending may make us happy or unhappy depending on
how and why we spend. When we spend money on things
that we need and within our limit, it is good. When it
becomes a compulsive behaviour, it makes life stressful.
Unnecessary spending or spending beyond one's means has
some bad effects. For one thing, it may lead to financial
ruin or debt, and for another, it may create unhappiness
within families, People who overspend are never satisfied
with what they have. They always rush for brands, fashion
items, designer clothes, etc. Over a period of time it
becomes an addiction which may eventually create
psychological problems.
Nowadays consumer items are displayed in stores or in
advertisements in ways that they create a feeling of
immediate need for them. We are constantly tempted to
buy, use or consume things even when we do not have a
genuine need. We all need to be careful here. Salespersons

often encourage customers to buy things -by flattering
them. 'This is a perfect match for you, they would say, or
'You look so stunning in that dress.' Never forget, they say
the same thing to most of their customers. It is better not to
be persuaded by such words. They use these words to
please the customers as the more a customer buys, the
higher the profit is. Overspending is not only related to
shopping, it applies to other activities as well such as eating
out. Many people buy too many items to eat in a restaurant.
They can eat only some of them And the rest are wasted.
It's not a responsible attitude. We cannot simply waste food
because we have money to buy it.
 Ans: Money is spent every day for various reasons.
Necessary expenses within our limit may make us happy.
But unnecessary expenditure or spending money beyond our
ability creates some problems and may lead to
psychological problems. Al present, consumer items are
displayed and advertised so attractively that consumers want
to buy them immediately even without having a genuine
need. Salespersons often flatter the customers to encourage
them to buy more things. Salespersons say the same
persuasive words to most of their customers. They should
not be persuaded by such words. Buying more foods than
requirements and their wastage means wastage of money.
14. When a girl gets married, she usually drops out of school
and begins full-time work in her in-laws' household. In the
in-laws' house, she is marginalized. She becomes
vulnerable to all forms of abuse, including dowry-related
violence. In Bangladesh, it is still common for a bride's
family to pay dowry, despite the practice being illegal.
Dowry demands can also continue after the wedding. For
an adolescent bride, even if her in-laws are supportive,
there are greater health risks in terms of pregnancy and
child birth. The majority of adolescent brides and their
families are uninformed or insufficiently informed about
reproductive health and contraception. The maternal
mortality rate for adolescents is double the national rate.
 Ans: In Bangladesh, 33% of adolescent girls are married
before 15 and 60% of them become mothers by 19. After
marriage, an adolescent girl drops out of school and is
vulnerable to all types of abuse. Moreover, she has to take
the risk of early pregnancy and childbirth. The majority of
adolescent brides'and their families are ignorant of
reproductive health and contraception.
15. When adolescent girls are pulled out of school, either for
marriage or work, they often lose their mobility, their
friends and social status. The lack of mobility among
adolescent girls also curtails their economic and non-formal
educational opportunities. Moreover, they lack information
about health issues. According to a study, only about three
in five adolescents have even heard of HIV. It is also
reported that more than 50 percent of adolescent girls are
undernourished and suffer from anaemia. Adolescent
fertility is also high in Bangladesh. The contribution of the
adolescent fertility rate to the total fertility rate increased
from 20.3% in 1993 to 24.4% in 2007. Moreover, neonatal
mortality is another concern for younger mothers.
While the situation for adolescent boys is somewhat better,
many are vulnerable and lack the power to make decisions
about their own lives. Many boys who are unable to go to
school, or are unemployed, remain unaware of social or
health issues. They are at considerable risk of being drawn
into criminal activities. They are also more likely to get
exposed to drugs and alcohol.
 Ans: As a girl drops out of school, her full-time work in her
in-laws' family begins. She falls prey to multifarious abuses.
She runs the risk of pregnancy and childbirth. She suffers
from malnutrition as well. She is not informed or poorly
informed of reproductive health and contraception. The
condition of an adolescent boy is a bit better.. Nevertheless,
illiteracy, unemployment, etc. stand in the way to his
development. Consequently, he often falls a victim to drugs
and alcohol.
16. ... (T)he Negro is still not free. ... the life of the Negro is still
sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains
of discrimination. ... (T)he Negro lives on a lonely island of
poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.
...(T)he Negro is still languishing in the corners of
American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.
So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful
condition ...
I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the
difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is
a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live
out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to
be self-evident; that all men are created equal."
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the
sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners
will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a
state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with
the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of
freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live
in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of
their skin but by the content of their character.
 Ans: The Negro is subject to segregation and the chains of
tremendous racial discrimination. They are virtually exile in
their own land. The author nourishes some hopes regarding
the advancement of the Negro. The hopes include that one
day the Negro would rise u_p_, the sons of former slaves
and the sons of former slave owners would sit together at
the table of brotherhood, Mississippi would be an oasis of
freedom and the young children would live in a nation
where they would be judged by the content of their
character not by the colour of their skin.
17. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live
out the true meaning of its creed : "We hold these truths to
be self-evident; that all men are created equal." I have a
dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of
former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be
able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have
a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state
sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the
.heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of
freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little
children will one day live in a nation where they will not be
judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their
character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one
day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its
governor having his lips dripping with the words of
'interposition' and 'nullification', that one day right down in
Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to
join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters
and brothers.
 Ans: The writer dreams that their nation will be morally
elevated and live in amity and peace. He hopes that their

nation getting rid of all injustice, oppression will enjoy true
freedom and justice. Then, their people will not be Judged
by the colour, rather the inner beauty of their character will
be valued. All their states will be free of all kinds of
inequality and injustice.
18. Education aims to bring about positive changes in our
behavior. It helps us try to change our lives as well as the
society we live in. Education that does not illuminate our
minds or does not inspire us to work for the community is
not complete at all. Education is not all about getting grades
or receiving certificates—we use education to make life
better. We are expected to apply the knowledge, skills and
values that we learn in a classroom in our engagement with
the world that lies outside. And we can do so in many
different ways. Let's have a look at how education works.
Learners' civic engagement is highly appreciated all over the
world. Civic engagement means working to make a
difference in the civic life (the public life of the citizens as
contrasted with private or personal life) of the community
using knowledge, skills, values and motivation. Civic
engagement promotes the quality of life in a community by
contributing to the improvement of health and wellbeing of
the people.
Civically engaged individuals recognize themselves as
members of a larger social community and are concerned
about civic issues. They consider themselves responsible
citizens who take action or raise their voices against
injustice, discrimination and other forms of social ills.
 Ans: Education plays a vital role in bringing about positive
changes in human behaviour. It helps us try to change our
life as well as our society. Complete education not only
illuminates our minds but also' involves a learner to work
for the community. The purpose of education is not getting
grades and receiving certificates. The main objective of
education is to make life better. Civic engagement of the
learners is highly appreciated all over the world nowadays.
A civically engaged person works to create a difference in
the civic life taking action or raising voice against injustice,
discrimination and other forms of social ills.
19. In civic engagement, issues of public concern are crucial
Civic engagement includes individual or group activities to
protect public interests and change the way the community
values itself. For example, if you are protesting against any
unjust decision of the local municipality such as raising
taxes or an act that might work against people's interests,
you are civically engaged and your action is considered a
civic engagement. This protest can be done in different
ways such as organizing rallies, collecting signatures,
making human chains, writing petitions, etc. You can also
help control traffic in front of a school, help children to
cross the roads, work in a team to clean a park or a sea
beach. You can also give some services to elderly people.
These are all examples of civic engagement as what you do
directly affects the community.
When civic engagement is a part of an academic
programme, and the learners' engagement is assessed
following a scale, then it is called service learning. It
involves the application of knowledge and skills learned in
the classroom and then miring a complete plan of action i.e.
preparing a budget, starting the process of implementation,
involving people and activating operational strategies.
When civic engagement is spontaneous but irregular and not
a part of any academic programme, it is considered
volunteerism.
 Ans: Civic engagement includes an individual or group
activity in order to protect public interests or to make a
change in the community. If a person protests against any
unjust decision, his action is considered civic engagement.
'A civically engaged person can help 'control traffic in front
of a school, help kids to cross the roads, work in a team to
make a park or a seashore litter-free and give services to
elderly people. These activities of civic engagement affect
the- community directly civic engagement is a part of an
academic programme which is assessed, following a scale,
it is service learning. And when it is spontaneous-but
irregular and not a part of any academic programme, it is
volunteerism.
20. Shilpi was only 15 years old when she married Rashid in
2008. Marrying off daughters at an early age is a standard
practice for many families living in rural Bangladesh. After
her wedding, Shilpi joined a local empowerment group that
provides adolescent girls with the tools needed to gradually
change cultural practices, particularly those pertaining to
early marriage and pregnancy. The group's activities include
discussions on how to most effectively change behaviour
related to reproductive health as well as one-on-one
counselling. It also offers peer-to-peer support and life skills
training that help adolescents say no to early marriage. The
empowerment group is one of more than 10,000 groups
supported by some local Non Government Organizations
(NGOs) working all over Bangladesh. These NGOs work
through Canada's Adolescent Reproductive Health Project
which also aims to increase access to quality health services
for adolescents. During one of the group sessions, Shilpi
came to understand the potentially harmful effects of early
marriage and pregnancy.
While maternal mortality in Bangladesh has declined by
nearly 40 percent since 2001, the rate remains high with 194
maternal deaths per 1,00,000, live births in 2010- dropping
from 322 in 2001 with a projected decrease to 143 by 2015.
Girls who get pregnant are at risk of serious health
complications. These include dangerous hemorrhage and
fistula, a painful internal injury caused by obstructed
childbirth that commonly leads to serious maternal
morbidities and social exclusion.
When Shilpi heard about those risks, she invited her
husband, Rashid, to discuss pregnancy with a counsellor.
After hearing about the risks, Rashid agreed to delay having
children for five years despite pressures from his parents
and neighbours to produce an offspring. Together, the
couple met with a female health care provider, who
informed them about the various family planning options
available.
 Ans: Shilpi was married off at the age of 15 following the
prevalent practice in rural areas. Then she joined a local
empowerment group that provides adolescent girls with
necessary suggestions pertaining to early marriage and
pregnqncy. It also offers the support and life skill training
that help adolescents say 'no' to early marriage. Shilpi came
to understand the potentially harmful effects of early
marriage and pregnancy. When Shilpi was apprised of
serious health complications of early pregnancy, she took a
decision to go to a counsellor with her husband. Rashid
agreed to delay having children for five years. But Shilpi's
mother-in-law and neighbours continued to pressurize the
newlyweds.
21. Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of
years, but only recently have dreams been subjected to

empirical research and scientific study. Chances are that
you've often found yourself puzzling over the content of a
dream, or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all.
First, let's start by answering a basic question : What is a
dream? A dream can include any of the images, thoughts
and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can
be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful
emotions or frightening images; focused and understandable
or unclear and confusing.
Why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve?
While many theories have been proposed, no consensus has
emerged. Considering the time we spend in a dreaming
state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the
purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is
important to consider that science is still unraveling the
exact purpose and function of sleep itself. Some researchers
suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others
believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and
physical well-being.
 Ans: We experience dreams during sleep. Dreams may be
vivid or very vague, joyful, frightening, confusing or
unclear or understandable. The purpose of dream still
remains in the minds of the scientists and the philosophers.
Some researchers regard dreams as purposeless while others
term them useful.
22. Ecotourism is broadly defined as low impact travel to
endangered and often undisturbed locations. It is different
from traditional tourism because it allows the traveller to
become educated about the areas- both in terms of the
physical landscape and cultural characteristics. It often
provides funds for conservation and benefits the economic
development of places that are often impoverished.
Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related
and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being
classified as ecotourism. Most of these are not truly
ecotourism, however, because they do not emphasize
conservation, education, low impact travel, and social and
cultural participation in the locations being visited.
 Ans: Ecotourism differs from any traditional tourism
because it emphasizes on some particular aspects. For
example, conservation, education, low impact travel and
social and cultural participation. But nowadays many trips
are getting the fame of ecotourism which are not ecotourism
in true sense.
23. Ecotourism is popular in Indonesia at Komodo National
Park. The park has an area of 233 square miles (603 sq. km)
of land that is spread out over several islands and 469
square miles (1,214 sq. km) of water. The area was
established as a national park in 1980 and is popular for
ecotourism because of its unique and endangered
biodiversity. Activities at Komodo National Park vary from
whale watching to hiking. Tourist accommodations strive to
have a low impact on the natural environment.
Ecotourism is also popular in Central and South America.
Destinations include Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela,
Guatemala, and Panama. Apart from these places,
opportunities for ecotourism exist in hundreds of more
places worldwide.
 Ans: Komodo National Park in Indonesia is popular for
ecotourism because of its unique and endangered
biodiversity. It was established in 1980 and various types of
activities are available Several countries of Central and
South America are also popular for ecotourism.
24. I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted,
every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places
will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made
straight, "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all
flesh shall see it together".
This is our hope. This is the faith that I will go back to the
South with.
With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of
despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to
transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful
symphony of brotherhood.
With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray
together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand
up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one
day...
And if America is to be a great nation, this must become
true.
 Ans: The author is hopeful that racial disparity, injustice,
etc. will one day vanish from America and everybody will
see in America a nation of equality, justice and brotherhood.
Despair will expire and hope will prevail instead. Discord
will be replaced by accord. All nations will be able to work
together, pray together and stand up for freedom together.
25. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of
Pennsylvania....
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of
Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring,
when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet,
from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up
that day when all of God's children, black men and white
men, Jews and gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be
able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro
spiritual, "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty,
we are free at last!"
 Ans: In this passage, the author's ardent desire for freedom
has been portrayed with aid of several metaphors such as
prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire, the mighty
mountains of New York, etc. Through these metaphors, it is
asserted that all of God's children irrespective of black or
white, Jews or gentiles, Protestants or Catholics, have rights
to enjoy freedom.
26. Chawla was born in Karnal, India. She completed her earlier
schooling at Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary
School, Karnal. She is the first Indian-born woman and the
second person in space from this sub-continent. After
graduating in Aeronautical Engineering from Punjab
Engineering College, India, in 1982, Chawla moved to the
United States the same year. She obtained her Master's
degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of
Texas in 1984. Later she did her Ph.D. in Aerospace
Engineering in 1988 from the University of Colorado.
Determined to become an astronaut even in the face of the
Challenger disaster 1986 that broke apart 73 seconds into
its flight, leading to the deaths of its seven crew members,
Chawla joined NASA in 1988. She began working as a
Vice President where she did Computational Fluid
Dynamics (CFD) research on vertical take-off and landing.
In 1991 she got U.S citizenship and started her career as a
NASA astronaut in 1995. She was selected for her first
flight in 1996. She spoke the following words while
travelling in the weightlessness of space, "You are just your

intelligence." She had travelled 10.67 million miles, as
many as 252 times around the Earth.
 Ans: Chawla, born in India, completed her preliminary
engineering education in India. Then she moved to the
United States and obtained her Master's degree and did her
PhD in Aerospace Engineering from there. Determined to
become an astronaut, Chawla joined NASA in 1988 and
began working there as a Vice President where she did
Computational Fluid Dynamics research. She was selected
for her first flight and travelled 10.67 million miles.
Flow Chart English
First Paper
Passage-01
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said, 'Man is by
nature a social animal.' What he meant was that man, by
instinct, seeks company of others and establishes
relationships, much like most animals of the wild, for
companionship and for physical and emotional support.
Unlike the animals however, man's relationships give
meaning to his existence and inspires him to do well in
education, in workplace or in a profession that he pursues.
Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and
intimate, formed by blood and by marriage; some are social
like the ones we have with friends and some are made in
school where we form close bonds with classmates and
teachers. Relationships can also be fostered in workplace,
which may quickly change from professional to social.
There are relationships also between human beings and
animals, between children and their toys that they cannot
part with.
All these relationships keep us close to each other and
provide us all kinds of support, love and affection. A
person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and
isolation. There is no one to laugh or cry with him/her.
When we share our joy with someone, it simply redoubles,
and we when we suffer a loss and someone shares our
sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus needed for our
emotional health.
To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for
each other, and love where this is needed. We cannot be
selfish and possessive if we want to establish an effective
relationship. But quite often we see people quarrelling and
fighting with each other which only brings misery and loss
to all. [Unit-06, Lesson-1 (B)]
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing
why we need to establish relationships. (one is done for
you)
[The famous Greek Philosopher Aristotle said, 'Man
.............. only brings misery and loss to all.]
1. For
companionship
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
For
companionship

2.
For
physical
and
emotional
support

3.
For doing
well in
education

4.
For greater
performance
in workplace
and
profession

5.
For
sharing
joy with
others

6.
For
reducing
our
sorrows
Passage-02
Sheikh Kemal, the eldest son of Bangabazdhu Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman and Bangamata Fazilatunnesa Mujib, was
born at Tungipara in Gopalganj district. He spent his
childhood there. Kamal received his secondary education at
Dhaka's BAF Shaheen School from where he passed his
SSC examination. He was then admitted to Dhaka College,
and after his HSC examination he became a student at the
department of Sociology of Dhaka University. Karma bad a
colorful life marked by liveliness and creativity. Besides his
academic studies, he also pursued his passion for sports and
cultural activities. He was a find division basketball and
cricket player as well as a sports organizer. He was also
interested in classical music, and became a student of
Chhayanaut to learn Sitar under the tutelage of Ustad Ful
Mohammad. Apart from Sitar, Kama had a passion for
Piano. He had a good collection of musical instruments on
the second floor of their house at Dhanmondi, Road no. 32.
It is well known to his friends that Shah Kamal used to
begin his day practising the Sitar and during the day played
basketball or football or cricket. In the evening he was
often seen on stage rehearsing a play. He took part in stage
performance of Kabar written by prominent playwright
Shaheed Munir Chowdhury. Kemal was one of the
founders of Dhaka Theatre. He was also a founder of
Spondon Shilpi Gosthi — a cultural organization. And who
doesn't know that Sheikh Kamal was the founder of
Abahoni Krira Chokro that introduced modem football in
our country?
There are interesting traits in Kamal's character. He was the
eldest son of a Prime Minister and later of a President. Yet,
his life was very simple. He didn't take any advantage of
his father's name and office. As he loved to spend time with
his friends at Tungipara in his childhood, he loved to do the
same during his college and university days. Watching
good movies with them in Madhumita, Naz, or Balaka
cinema hall was also something that he really liked.
Sheikh Kamal knew that there is no shortcut to success. He
groomed himself up as a young man who earned success by
dint of perseverance and commitment. When the Pakistan
military began its genocide in Bangladesh he joined the
liberation war and received military training at Camp
Murtee, located at the Himalayan foothills in India. This
tall young man who carried himself with dignity and
possessed remarkable traits of leadership became the ADC
of General Ataul Goni Osmani, the Commander in Chief of
Bangladesh Armed Forces during the liberation war. After
independence, Sheikh Kamal could easily remain in
Bangladesh Army and pass a secure life but he preferred to
engage himself in country building and organizing the
young forces to that end. Journalist Syed Ishtiaq Reza, in
one of his columns "Ekjon Sheikh Kamal" in Bangla
Tribune, rightly says that the unique qualities of Sheikh
Kamal's character, especially his whole-hearted
involvement in sports and culture, are never seen in any son
or daughter of any President, Prime Minister or high
officials in Bangladesh.
This is unfortunate that just after 10 days of his 26 birthday
and only after a month of his marriage with Sultana Kamal,
a Dhaka University Blue in athletics, his life was cut short
by a group of cowardly killers. Both he and his wife along
with Bangabandhu, Bangamata and most members of their
family were assassinated.
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing a
synopsis of Sheikh Kamal's birth and educational life.
(one is done for you)
[Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of Bangabandhu
...................... modern football in our country?]
1. Born in
Gopalganj
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Born in
Gopalganj

2.
Schooling
at BAF
Shaheen
School

3.
College
education
at Dhaka
College

4.
Graduation
at Dhaka
University

5.
Learning
Sitar under
Ustad Ful
Mohammad

6.
Learning
drama
performance
on stage

(ii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing
Sheikh Kamal's cocurricular activities. (one is done for
you)
[Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of Bangabandhu
...................... modern football in our country?]
1. A
basketball
player
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
A
basketball
player

2.
A sports
organiser

3.
A music
enthusiast

4.
A Sital
player

5.
A stage
performer

6.
The
founder of
Abahani
Krira
Chokro
(iii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing
Sheikh Kamal's career(one is done for you)
[Sheikh Kamal knew that there is no shortcut ................
their family were assassinated.]
1. Participation
in the
Liberation War
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Participation
in the
Liberation
War

2.
Training
at Camp
Murtee

3.
Exhibition
of
leadership
in war

4.
Reformation
of country

5.
Organisation
of youth

6.
Foundation
of cultural
organisation
Passage-03
Nishat Mazumder, a Bangladeshi woman in her early
forties, is a sports icon. She comes of a modest background;
her father is a businessman and her mother is a housewife.
She is the second of four siblings. She is not very tall or
well built, or does not have a charming princess look; but
this apparently ordinary girl has three things that she can be
proud of. These are: she has extraordinarily supportive
parents who accepted her dreams as real; her father was a
freedom fighter in the Liberation War of Bangladesh in
1971, and she scaled the highest peak in the world as the
fast Bangladeshi girl in 2012. Nishat's life presents an
inspirational story that the youth in Bangladesh needs to
know.
Nishat was born on 5 January 1981 in a village called
Teori, which is situated in Ramganj upazila in Lakshmipur
District. She completed her schooling from Bottomley
Home Girls' High School in 1997, and passed HSC from
Shahid Anwar Girls' College in 1999. She earned her
bachelor's and master's degrees in Accounting from Dhaka
City College, and currently works for Dhaka WASA as an
accountant. She is also interested in different languages and
cultures of the world, and has enrolled for her MA in Japan
Studies at Dhaka University. For us, Nishat's life comes
across as especially significant because it tells us how the
influence of one person can motivate someone to dream
big. As the daughter of a freedom fighter, Nishat had to
face many obstacles in her life, but her mother, her role
model, gave her courage and determination to overcome
them and pursue her dreams. Ashura Mazumder, Nishat's
mother, is a hardworking and understanding woman, who
has been a pillar of support for her family in the direst of
situations. Nishat learned from her mother how to keep
mental strength in calamitous moments of life. Learning
from her, Nishat began her dream of conquering mountains. [Unit-05, Lesson-4 (B)]
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the
birth and education of Nishat Mazumder.(one is done
for you)
[Nishat was born on 5 January 1981 in a village
.................... dream of conquering mountains]
1. Born on 5
January,
1981
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Born on 5
January,
1981

2.
Birth and
growing up in
Ramganj,
Lakshimipur

3.
SSC in
1997

4.
HSC in
1999

5.
Bachelor's
and Master's
degrees from
Dhaka City
College

6.
Studying
MA in Japan
Studies at
Dhaka
University
Passage-04
Once upon a time, there was a strange man who was highly
bothered to see others' happiness. His own personal interest
was at any cost important to him. Neither was he a polite
man, nor did he like other people to be polite to each other.
In fact, he hated the courteous and polite people around him
and thus he hated a few expressions like please, thank you,
don't mention it, etc. It troubled him a lot when people
around were smiling to use these expressions.
The man considered all these expressions extravagant. So,
he took a mission to invent a device that would steal these
polite words. He calculated two benefits from his efforts.
One, people won't use these words and thus he would be
relieved of his apathy to people's polite behaviour and the
second one was earning money by selling the words stolen
by the machine to somebody else. He took great caution so
that nobody would understand his secret plan. After a few
months' hard work, he succeeded in inventing the machine
he desired for a long long time.
The machine started working and it gave the man complete
satisfaction. People from their long practice would try to
say — thank you, so kind of you, my pleasure, don't
mention it, etc. as to appreciate others or express gratitude.
But their tongue could not produce these words. The
machine caught them. It resulted in a huge change in
people's behaviour and attitudes. Gradually people became
rough and tough, they lost their mental cool, they were
blaming each other or fighting with each other. They
became so selfish that they started refusing to help others
without having a return for their service. Love, respect,
affections, fellow feelings became some unknown words
and, eventually, they were missing from people's practices.
[Unit-03, Lesson-2 (C)]
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart highlighting
the traits of the strange man. (one is done for you)
[Once upon a time, there was a strange man .............. they
were missing from people's practices.]
1. Highly,
bothered to
see others'
happiness
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Highly,
bothered to
see others'
happiness

2.
Thinking
of his own
interest
only

3.
Apathetic
to people's
polite
behaviour

4.
Greedy and
impolite

5.
Inventing
machine
with an
evil plan

6.
Cautious,
scornful and
hardworking
(ii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the
reasons that made the man invent a word-stealing
machine. (one is done for you)
1. Being
self-
centered
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Being
self-
centered

2.
Geeting
relieved
of his
apathy

3.
Earning
money

4.
Considering
polite
expressions
extravagant and
useless

5.
Gaining
complete
satisfaction

6.
Getting
rid of
sight of
people in
pleasant
mood

(iii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the
impact of the machine on people. (one is done for you)
1.
Drove away
words of
polite
expressions
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Drove away
words of polite
expressions

2.
Brought huge
change in
people's
attitudes and
behaviour

3.
Became
rough and
tough

4.
Lost
their
mental
cool

5.
Started
blaming
one
another

6.
Became
selfish
doing
nothing
without
return
Passage-05
 Read the text and answer the following questions:
The man was terribly happy with his success, but he didn't
count on two little girls of special needs. They had speech
difficulty and so they used to communicate using sign
language. Since the machine couldn't steal gestures, these
girls continued their previous practices of being kind and
polite. Soon they realised the difference between them and
other people which led them to investigate the reason. After
much toil, they could discover the wicked man, who was in
a hideout on the top of a hill next to the sea with his
enormous machine busy in capturing people's polite words
and separating them into letters. The girls found the man
taking a nap when they crept up to the machine and
rewound it so that people could get back to their normal
behaviour.
As a result, the machine exploded, scattering all the letters
it had gathered into the sky. After some moments, the
letters started coming down, like rain, and ended up in the
sea. After that, everyone became polite and respectful to
each other again. The anger and the arguments stopped,
proving that good manners are .very useful for keeping
people together in a spirit of happiness.
(v) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing
how two girls of special needs helped people get back to
their normal life. (one is done for you)
[The man was terribly happy with his success ..............
people together in a spirit of happiness.]
1.
Realised the
difference
between
them and
other people
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Realised
the
difference
between
them and
other
people

2.
Investigated
the reason

3.
Discovered
the wicked
man

4.
Found an
enormous
machine

5.
Crept up
to the
machine

6.
Rewound
the'
machine
Passage-06
A plate of hot French fries and a huge burger with hot
cheese oozing out of it, with a carbonated drink: looks like
a treat! This calorie-rich junk food does look
mouthwatering but is known to be nutritionally poor. Junk
food or fast food has become an increasingly popular food
choice. Ideally, junk foods are defined as processed foods
with negligible nutrient value and are often high in salt,
sugar and fat. But we often confuse fast foods with juffic-
foods. How are they different? Or what is junk food really?
Junk foods are processed foods consisting of high calories,
but that is considered only as a broad umbrella. These foods
are prepared in a way that they look appealing and are
enjoyable so you are chemically programmed to ask for
more. According to Dr. Sunali Sharma, a Dietician &
Nutritionist, "Commercial products including salted snack
foods, chewing gum, candy, sugary desserts, fried fast food,
and sweetened carbonated beverages that have little or no
nutritional- value but are high in calories, salt, and fats may
be considered-junk foods. Though not all fast foods are
junk foods, a great number of them are. For instance, a
salad may be fast food, but is definitely not junk food.
Some foods like burgers, pizzas and tacos may alternate
may junk and healthy categories depending on the
ingredients, calories and process of manufacturing."
Frequent consumption of junk food increases the intake of
excess fat, simple carbohydrates, and processed sugar
which may lead to a higher risk of obesity and
cardiovascular diseases, among other chronic health
_problems. The resulting obesity may begin clogging up
the arteries and lay the basis of an impending heart attack.
It has also been suggested that eating junk food affects the
brain in the same way as consuming addictive drugs. An
addiction to junk food may even result in the rejection of
healthier food options like fruits, vegetables, salads, etc.
leading to further lack of nourishment.
list of junk food. (one is done for you)
[Junk foods are processed foods consisting of
....................... further lack of nourishment.]
1. Snack  2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Snack

2.
Gum

3.
Candy

4.
Sugary desserts

5.
Burgers

6.
Pizzas
frequent consumption and effects of junk food. (one is
done for you)
[Junk foods are processed foods consisting of
....................... further lack of nourishment.]
1. Excess
fat
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Excess
fat

2.
Simple
carbohydrates

3.
Processed
sugar

4.
Obesity

5.
Cardiovascular
diseases

6.
Chronic
health
problems
Passage-07
Adolescents constitute a nation's core resource for national
renewal and growth. Adolescence is a period in life when
transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and
behaviours and life styles are shaped. According to the
World Health Organisation (WHO), adolescence is the
period which shapes the future of girls' and boys' lives.
There are 28 million adolescents in Bangladesh; 13.7
million of them are girls and 14.3 million boys.
The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is
characterised by inequality and subordination within the
family and society. This inequality leads to widespread
practice of child marriage, marginalisation or exclusion
from health, education and economic opportunities, and
vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse.
In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage is 18 for girls and
21 for boys. However, 33 percent of adolescent girls are
married before the age of 15 and 60 percent become
mothers by the age of 19. Research finds that adolescents
with higher level of education and from more affluent
families tend to marry at a later age. Boys, however,

become ready for marriage only after several years of
adolescence and young adulthood. Unit-04, Lesson-2 (B-i,ii&iii)
situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh. (one is done
for you)
[Adolescents constitute a nation's core resource ..........
years of adolescence and young adulthood]
1. Inequality
and
subordination
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Inequality
and
subordination

2.
Victim of
child
marriage

3.
Exclusion
from
health
care

4.
Lack of
education

5.
Deprivation
of economic
opportunities

6.
Vulnerability
to violence
and sexual
abuse
Passage-08
The act of thinking deeply and calmly about something in a
state of heightened awareness is known as meditation. It is
an approach to train up the mind, similar to the way that
fitness is an approach to training the body. Voltaire
explains, "Meditation is the dissolution of thoughts in
eternal awareness or pure consciousness without
objectification, knowing without thinking, merging finitude
in infinity."
From the ancient times, meditation has been a part of some
religious traditions as 'a way of achieving the body's release
from worldly cares, and creating inner harmony.
Meditation in our time is practiced by people to reduce
stress and tension, and improve focus. There are trainers
who help beginners with some exercises such as improved
breathing and progressive relaxation. One of the most
common approaches to meditation is concentration.
To develop concentration one needs to focus on a sin le
point. Since focusing the mind is challenging, a beginner
might meditate for only a few minutes and then work up to
longer durations.
Meditation releases anxiety and brings a state of calmness.
It increases the thinking ability of human brain so that
people have a better control of their emotions. Those who
practice meditation can work tirelessly for a longer period
of time. Meditation helps improve blood circulation in the
brain and other parts of the body. Finally, meditation
improves creativity, self-awareness and tolerance. [Unit-03, Lesson-4 (D)]
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing
how meditation can be picked up (one is done for you)
[The act of thinking deeply and calmly ............. creativity,
self-awareness and tolerance.]
1. Improved
breathing
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Improved
breathing

2.
Progressive
relaxation

3.
Gradual
concentration

4.
Clearing
up the
mind

5.
Single
point
focusing

6.
Mind
focusing
(ii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing
important features/characteristics of mediation. (one is
done for you)
1. Focused
attention
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Focused
attention

2.
Improved
breathing

3.
Progressive
relaxation

4.
Anxiety
release

5.
Blood
circulation
improvement

6.
Creativity
development
(iii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the
benefits of meditation. (one is done for you)
1. Releases
anxiety
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Releases
anxiety

2.
Brings a
state of
calmness

3.
Increases
thinking
ability

4.
Increases
stamina

5.
Improves
blood
circulation

6.
Improves
creativity
Passage-09
Education gives us knowledge and a set of abilities to
function meaningfully in life, such as the ability to decide
things rationally and make the right choices. As we learn
how to read, write and do the basic operations of arithmetic,
we gain a degree of self-confidence. We learn to think for
ourselves and articulate our thoughts; we pick up skills to
communicate with others and manage our affairs well.
Education helps us think independently and make our own
opinions. As we know more about the world, we appreciate
the good things it offers us but also become critical of the
deviations from the values it imparts and the rise of hatred
or conflict that follows.
The fast thing education does is to give us an awareness
about ourselves which leads to the development of our
personality. As we begin school, we feel the need to belong
to the class and make friends. We then expand our sense of
belonging to include the school at large, our community and
finally our country. Education thus prepares every child to
become an active member of the community and work for
its welfare. [Unit-12, Lesson-1 (B)]
functions of education. (one is done for you)
[Education gives us knowledge and a set ................ of the
community and work for its welfare.]
1. Giving us
knowledge
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Giving us
knowledge

2.
Enabling us
to function
meaningfully

3.
Enabling
us to
decide
things
rationally

4.
Enabling
us to
make the
right
choices

5.
Enabling us to
think
independently

6.
Preparing
us to
become
active
members of
the
community
impacts of education on us. (one is done for you)
[Education gives us knowledge and a set ................ of the
community and work for its welfare.]
1.
Ability to
decide things
rationally
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Ability to
decide
things
rationally

2.
Ability
to make
right
choices

3.
Skills to
communicate
with others

4.
Skills to
communicate
with others

5.
An
awareness
about
ourselves

6.
Capability
to work for
the welfare
of the
community
Passage-10
Education, it is believed, releases our potentials and our
inner strengths. It sharpens our intellect and develops our
creativity. As we are taught to reason well and find
solutions to the problems of life we become productive
members of society. Education by definition is progressive
and liberal, teaching us to respect human diversity and

cultural and religious differences. If all of us practise these
values in life, the world becomes a much happier place.
Education also fosters critical thinking and provides us a set
of competencies including life skills that enable us to
become competitive even in the most challenging of
circumstances. Education also teaches us to appreciate
beauty and the bounties of nature.
School, however, is not the only place where a child gets
education. A Bangle poem tells us that nature can be our
best teacher. Here are a couple of lines from the poem in
English translation:
The sky has taught me to be liberal. The wind has given me
the motto to be industrious.
If we can make nature our friend, philosopher and guide, we
can learn lessons about life that, combined with what our
schools teach us, will prepare us for the future.
functions of education.(one is done for you)
[Education, it is believed, releases our potentials ................
will prepare us for the future]
1.
Develops our
inner
strength
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Develops
our inner
strength

2.
Sharpens
our
intellect

3.
Improves
our
creativity

4.
Makes us
productive
members of
society

5.
Teaches us
to respect
human,
cultural and
religious
diversities

6.
Teaches
us to be
grateful to
nature
Passage-11
Ecotourism is a booming business that many tour operators
cite as being helpful to nature. Every year, millions of
people descend on protected and pristine natural areas to
observe rare species. However, a new report casts doubt on
the value of this form of tourism. In fact, it suggests that
ecotourism is more damaging than helpful to nature. Details
are in a report published in the journal 'Trends in Ecology
and Evolution'. Researchers believe tourists are disrupting
animals in their natural habitat. They pointed to a recent
event where sea turtles in Costa Rica had problems laying
their eggs because of the hordes of tourists who had
congregated to watch the turtles' nesting habits.
The report says that ecotourism is making animals bolder
and that this could endanger the animals. A regular human
presence might make animals tamer and less cautious about
other animals around them, and this could put them at risk
of being attacked by their natural threats. "Then they will
suffer higher mortality when they encounter real predators,"
the report says. It added: "When animals interact in 'benign'
ways with humans, they may let down their guard." The
report said it was essential "to develop a more
comprehensive understanding of how different species in
different situations respond to human visitation and under
what precise conditions human exposure might put them at
risk" [Unit-09, Lesson-3]
(i) Read the above text and make a short note in each of
the boxes in the flow chart showing disadvantages of
ecotourism. (one is done for you)
[Ecotourism is a booming business that many ..............
human exposure might put them at risk."]
1. Damaging
nature
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Damaging
nature

2.
Disrupting
animals

3.
Disrupting
habitation

4.
Putting
animals
at risk

5.
Endangering
habitats

6.
Threatening
species'
existence
(ii) Read the above text and make a short note in each of
the boxes in the flow chart showing aftermath of
ecotourism. (one is done for you)
[Ecotourism is a booming business that many ..............
human exposure might put them at risk."]
1. Making
animals
bolder
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Making
animals
bolder

2.
Endangering
animals

3.
Making
tamer

4.
Making
less
cautious

5.
Putting at
risks

6.
Causing
higher
morality
Passage-12
The success of Kalsindur girls reads like an epic. They
started their journey with practically nothing. They didn't
have any boots or jerseys to wear. Initially, they played
wearing salwar and kamij. They also suffered from
malnutrition. What made them win against all adversities
then? What was the magic behind? Mohammad Mafiz
Uddin was an assistant teacher at Kalsindur Government
Free Primary School where Minati Rani Sheel was the head
teacher. They observed the girls' interests in football and
decided to help. It was however not that easy. Girls playing
football is still not a common picture in Bangladesh.
Guardians were not convinced as they were used to seeing
girls helping mothers with household chores. A farmer, an
auto-rickshaw driver, a tea-shop owner or a housemaid
mother couldn't be that ambitious either. But Minati Rani
Sheet and Mohammad Mafiz Uddin persuaded them to
allow their daughters to play. Being great motivators, the
two teachers supported the girls in their effort to overcome
the odds. They inspired them, created opportunities for
them and took personal care of them. Soon the girls could
prove themselves, shaking off their inhibition. Their
success has also persuaded the villagers to come to their
support. [Unit-05, Lesson-5 (B)]
dreams of Martin Luther King Jr. (one is done for you)
[The success of Kalsindur girls reads like ................... the
villagers to come to their support.]
1. Starting
journey with
practically
nothing
 2.  3.  4.  5.  6.
 Ans:
1.
Starting
journey
with
practically
nothing

2
Having
no boots
or jerseys

3
Playing
wearing
salwar and
kamij

4
Suffering
from
malnutrition

5
Girls'
playing
football
being not a
common
picture

6
Lacking
support of
their
guardians
Passage-13
When the girls moved to the nearby secondary school and
college, they did not have their Minati Maam and Mafiz
Uddin Sir with them, but soon another motherly person
offered her helping hand – Mala Rani Sarkar, an Assistant
Professor of History — who was joined by one of her
colleagues, Juel Mia. They agreed to coach the girls. Mr
Jalaluddin, who was then the head teacher of the school,
also supported them. Gradually the local community, public
representatives and the local administration came forward.
Bangladesh Football Federation also gave special attention
to them and finally another football magician, Golam
Robbani Choton, the coach of the Bangladesh Women's
National Football Team, mentored these girls and helped

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