This slides gives the detailed information about the plant tissues: meristematic and permanent (both simple and complex plant tissues) that make up the plant.

3. Meristematic tissues

4. On basis of origin

5. On basis of location

6. On basis of function

7. Permanent tissues

9. Simple permanent tissues

10. 1. Parenchyma

12. 2. Collenchyma
• Collenchyma tissue is composed
by elongated living cells of uneven
primary thick walls, which possess
hemicellulose, cellulose, and
pectic materials.
• It provides support, structure,
mechanical strength, and
flexibility to the petiole, leaf veins,
and stem of young plants,
allowing for easy bending without
breakage.

15. Complex permanent tissues

17. Xylem Xylem Tracheids are elongated
tube like cells with pointed or
tapering ends.
The cell wall is hard and
lignified. The cells have a large
cell cavity. They are empty
dead cells and the cell walls
are provided with one or more
rows of pits (bordered). The
diffusion of water and salts
takes place through these pits.
They do not have any
perforation plates at their
cross walls.

18. Xylem vessels are also known as tracheae, and are composed of dead cells.
They are cylindrical and tubular structures. Vessels are formed of a row of cells
placed end-by-end followed by dissolution of cell walls at the point of meet.
The end walls of xylem vessels possess perforation plates, which helps in
connecting the xylem members to each other. The cell walls are thickened in
various ways. Based on these thickenings, xylem vessels are named as annular,
spiral, scalariform, reticulated and pitted vessels.

19. Xylem Fibres
Xylem fibres are dead cells. These are the
sclerenchyma fibres found in association with
xylem elements to provide mechanical strength.
The cell walls are thickened and highly lignified.
The cells lack protoplast, and the pits on the walls
are simple without any borders.
Xylem Parenchyma
It is the only living component in the xylem tissue.
These cells are involved in short distance
transport of materials.
They are also involved in storage of sugars, starch
and lipids.

20. Phloem
Sieve cells are long and
have pointed ends,
communicating with each
other by pore fields that
form the sieve areas. Sieve
cells are the only
conductive element in
gymnosperms and ferns
phloem.

21. Sieve tubes are typical conducting cells in
angiosperms. They are flattened cells arranged
in longitudinal rows that communicate with
each other through sieve plates located in the
end (transverse) walls. Sieve plates have large
size pores that allow the direct connection
between adjoining cytoplasms. Sieve tubes also
possess sieve areas in the side walls that are
discontinuities of the primary cell wall that allow
the communication with adjacent sieve tubes
and with parenchyma companion cells. Sieve
tubes are the main conductive element in
angiosperms.

22. Companion cells are parenchyma cells tightly associated to conducting
cells of the phloem. They are needed to maintain the metabolism of the
sieve tubes because sieve tubes lack nucleus and have a reduced
cytoplasm. Companion cells show a large nucleus and the cytoplasm
contains numerous organelles, and have high metabolic rate. However,
they do not store starch. Only angiosperms show companion cells.
Parenchyma cells are are elongated and vertically arranged in primary
phloem, whereas in the secondary phloem there are an axial parenchyma,
with elongated and vertically organized cells, and a radial parenchyma
with isodiametric cells. They works as stores of substances transported by
the phloem itself. In some species, there are other cells specialized in
secretion.