The document discusses various teaching processes and methods, emphasizing the importance of a structured teaching approach that includes steps such as introduction, presentation, recapitulation, application, and assignments. It details several teaching methods including lecture, discussion, and problem-solving, as well as linguistic methods such as the grammar-translation and direct methods. It concludes with a focus on selecting appropriate methods based on factors like learner needs and subject matter.

1. Innovations in Teaching Learning:
Teaching Process and Methods of Teaching
Presented by
Prof. Suwarna Mahesh Patil
(DSM, M. A. (English/History), M. Ed., SET

2. A)Teaching Process
Concept ofTeaching:
“Teaching includes all activities of providing education to other and it
concerned with the activities of guidance”.

3. Steps ofTeaching- General
(Framed by Herbart)
Introduction
a. Statement of Aim
b. Title writing
1
Presentation
2
Recapitulation
3
Application
4
Assignment

4. Introduction (Set induction)
Testing previous knowledge
Preparing physically and mentally to be
attentive in the class
• a. Statement of Aim
• b.Title writing

5. Presentation
• Illustration
• Providing examples
Introducing main
concepts (Teaching
Points)
• Participation-Verbal/Active
• Using resources
Providing learning
experiences &
opportunities
• Question answers
• DiscussionInteraction

6. Recapitulation
1.Testing acquired knowledge with the help of
content based questions.
2.Few questions should be based on Knowledge and
few must be on comprehension.
3.It’s an overall conclusion whether the objectives are
fulfilled or not.
4.It should be done at the end of the every task
(Lecture).

7. Application
• It is the testing of ability whether the student can apply acquired
knowledge in the subject, to solve the problems/questions, to
resolve the condition or to use it in daily life.
• Learning means not just storing the knowledge , it is applying the
knowledge in concerned area.

8. Assignment
•It is an important step of scientific teaching.
•Here some important task should be given to do at home
related to the taught topic.
•This task should be based on skill.
•Example: Report writing, small project, sketching
diagrams, collecting information etc.

9. Methods ofTeaching
• Method: A method is an instrument and should be regarded as
such. It should play the role of a willing servant rather than of a
tyrannical master.
• A method determines what and how much is taught, the order in
which it is taught, how the meaning and form are conveyed and
what is done to make the use of the language unconscious.
• The term method includes selection and gradation of the material
to be taught.

10. Selecting an Appropriate Method
• Selection of the Method: The choice of a suitable method by a teacher
depends upon many factors such as the learner, the nature of the subject
and the topic, the facilities available and above all the attitudes of the
teacher.

11. Methods
1. Lecture
Method
2. Discussion
Method
3. Source
Method
4. Heuristic
Method
5. Problem
Solving Method
6. Dalton (Plan)/
Laboratory
Method
7. Inductive
Method
8. Deductive
Method
9.
Demonstration
Method
10. Project
Method
11. Direct
Method
12. Play way
Method

12. Methods to teach
Languages/Communication Skills
GrammarTranslation Method
Direct Method
Dr. West’s Reading Method
Substitution Method
Eclectic Method
Bilingual Method

13. GrammarTranslation Method
• It is an Old method . This method has no psychological basis but has
philosophical basis. i.e. A foreign language can be easily learnt through
translation.
• “Under the translation method, the meaning of English Words, phrases and
sentences is taught by means of word translation into the mother-tongue”.
• It is also called asTranslation method.

14. Direct Method
• This method is originated in France. It is called as ‘Natural
Method’ or ‘Reformed Method’.
• This method is a reaction against GrammarTranslation Method.
• It is a method of teaching a foreign languages, especially a
modern language, through conversation, discussion and reading
in the language itself, without translation.
• It forms the direct bond between thought and expression.
• Grammar is taught inductively.

15. Dr. West’s Reading Method
•‘The bilingual child does not so much need to
speak his second language (English) but rather to
read it.’
•This method lays more emphasis on the
development of reading abilities, improvement of
vocabulary.

16. Substitution Method
•It is also called as substitution table method.
•Structures and grammar is taught by using
substitute tables to frame sentences.

17. Bilingual Method
•Learning of language with the help of two languages
simultaneously .
•Translation is not required here.
•Substitute words are used to get the most appropriate
meaning.

18. Eclectic Method
•Eclectic Method is a combination of the merits from
above all methods.
•Whatever is the best in each method is carried together
and formed Eclectic Method. .

19. Methods to teach other Subjects
Lecture Method
Discussion Method
Project Method
Excursion Method
Heuristic Method
Problem solving Method
Dalton/Laboratory
Inductive & Deductive Method

20. Lecture Method
Chalk &
Talk
Method
Features:
Convenient,
inexpensive, Covers
syllabus
Helping hand Uses:
IntroducingTopic
Summarizing matter
Describing discoveries
Demerits:
Psychological unsound
Lacks practical
knowledge
Mostly used

21. Discussion Method
Discussion
Features:
A leader, A group
A topic, A content
Evaluation
Merits:
Collective decision
making
Inculcates toleration
Leads self evaluation
Demerits:
Time consuming

22. Project Method
Steps:
Providing Situation
Choosing Project
Planning, Execution
Evaluation, Record
Demerits:
Financial constraints
Practical difficulties
Merits:
Psychologically sound
Manual work
Scientific attitute

23. Excursion Method
Features/Types:
Illusion
LocalTrips
Tours &
Excursion
Creates
Stimulatory
atmosphere
Useful for
geographical
content

24. Heuristic Method
• Based on to discover, and on findings
• Investigating the thingsFeatures
• Develops scientific attitude
• Active participation
• Psychologically sound
Merits
• Difficult to cover syllabus in time
• Possibility of faulty outcomesDemerits

25. Problem solving Method
Steps
• Confrontation with the problem
• Understanding the problem
• Data collection
• Analysis
• Hypothesis
• Applying Hypothesis & conclusion
Merits
• Provides opportunities
• Develops cognitive abilities
• Develops scientific attitude
Limitations
• Problem in selecting topic
• Practical limitations

26. Dalton/Laboratory
• Features :
1. Experiments ca be performed in the laboratory.
2. Teacher only act as guide.
3. Student handle apparatus in presence of a teacher.
• Merits:
1. Learning by doing
2. Make discoveries
3. Builds confidence & self-reliance
• Limitations:
1. Time consuming
2. Ill equipped laboratories

27. Inductive & Deductive Method
• Inductive Method: Proceeds from examples to rule
• Deductive Method:Vice versa