nursing as a profession

1. 1

2. HISTORYOF
NURSING
Illness earlier was seen as “magic”, “sin” or
“punishment”.
During 700-600 B.C - Sushruta Samhita was
written by the great surgeon Sushruta, who
said "the physician, the patient, the drugs and
the nurse are four feet of `Padas' of the
medicine, upon which the curedepends".
Thefirst nursing school started in India in 250
B.C. during Charaka's time and only men were
considered pure enough to benurses.
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3. ALPINE SKIHOUSE
HISTORY
 300 ADEntry of women into nursing.
 1633 -Sisters of Charity founded by
Louise de Marillac -established the
first educational program to be
affiliated with a religious nursing
order
 1809 -Mother Elizabeth Seton
introduced the Sisters of Charity into
America, later known as the
Daughters of Charity.

4. ALPINE SKIHOUSE 4

5. ALPINE SKIHOUSE

6. HISTORY
1884 - Mary Snively assumed
directorship of Toronto General
Hospital and began to form the
Canadian National Association of
Trained Nurses. Later became the
Canadian Nurses Association.
1890 - establishment of the Nurses
Associated Alumni of the United
States and Canada & this later
became the American Nurses
Association.

7. HISTORY
1901 - first university affiliated nursing
program, Army Nurse Corps established.
1901 - New Zealand was the first
country to regulate nurses nationally,
with adoption of the Nurses Registration
Act on the 12 September 1901.
It was here in New Zealand that Ellen
Dougherty became the first registered
nurse. 1911 - formed American Nurses
Association.
7

8. 1920 - graduate nurse-midwifery
programs were established.
1948 - Brown report says all
nursing programmes must be
affiliated to the university, should
have independent budget.
1960 – Yale University defined
Nursing as a Profession.
8

9. In the ancient era, until 17th
century, formalized nursing
was not traced. Every village
had a dai/traditional birth
attendant to take care of
maternal and child health
needs of the people.
9

10. Military nursing was the earliest type
of modern nursing introduced by the
Portuguese in the 17th century.
1664 - East India Company started a
hospital for soldiers at Fort St. Geroge,
Madras.
St. Stevens Hospital at Delhi was the
first one to begin training Indian
women as nurses in 1867.
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11. The first school of Health visitors was started
in 1918 by Lady Reading Health School,
Delhi.
1946 - The first four-year Basic B.Sc.
program was established at RAK College of
Nursing in Delhi and CMC College of
Nursing in Vellore.
1951 - a two-year ANM course was
established in St. Mary’s Hospital at Punjab.
1960 - M.Sc. was established in RAKCollege
of Nursing, Delhi.
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12. 1963 - the School of Nursing in Trivandrum,
instituted the first two-year post certificate
bachelor's degree programme.
1980 - RAK college of nursing started an
MPhil programme as a regular and part time
course. Doctorate Of Philosophy In Nursing
(PhD in Nursing.
PhD programmes in nursing was first started
in India in 1992 under Department of
Nursing, University of Delhi through RAK.
12

13. 1890 - BombayPresidency NursingAssociation wasthe first state nursingassociation.
1908- the Trained NursesAssociation was formed to uphold the dignity and honor of nursing profession.
Thefirst state registration council at Madras Nursing Council wasconstituted in1926 and BombayNursing
Councilwasconstituted in 1935.
In 1949, Indian Nursing Council (INC)wasestablished to maintain auniform standard of training for nurses,
midwives and health visitors and regulate the standards of nursing in India. INCact was passedin 1947 that was
amended in 1950 and1957.
 2003 - TheCollegeof Nursing PGI,Chandigarh and Collegeof Nursing, CMCVellore were designated asWHO
collaborating centers for nursing and midwiferydevelopment.
13
NURSING COUNCILS –

14. ALPINE SKIHOUSE
-Florence Nightingale
14

15. DEFINITION
15
“
Theuniquefunctionofthenurseisto
assisttheindividual,sickorwell,inthe
performanceofthoseactivities
contributingtohealthoritsrecovery,
thathewouldperformunaidedifhehad
thenecessarystrength,willor
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
.
”
-V
I
R
G
I
N
I
A
H
E
N
E
D
E
R
S
O
N
(1966)

16. •1.Provisionofacaringrelationshipthatfacilitateshealthandhealing.
•2.Attentiontotherangeofhumanexperiencesandresponsestohealth
andillnesswithinthephysicalandsocialenvironment.
•3.Integrationofobjectivedatawithknowledgegainedfroman
appreciationofpatientorg
r
o
u
p
’
ssu
b
j
ect
i
vee
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
s
.
16

17. •4.Applicationofscientificknowledgetotheprocessesofdiagnosticand
treatmentthroughtheuseofjudgmentandcriticalthinking.
•5.Advancementofprofessionalknowledgethroughscholarlyenquiry.
•6.Influenceofsocialandpublicpolicytopromotesocialjustice.
•-ANA(2003)
17

18. NURSING AS APROFESSION
18

19. PROFESSION
Agroup must meet the following criteria to be
consideredaprofession(Starr
,1982)
1.the knowledge of the group must be based on
technicalandscientificknowledge.
2.theknowledgeandcompetenceofmemebersofthe
groupmustbeevaluatedbyacommunityofpeers.
3.thegroupmusthaveaserviceorientationanda
codeofethics. 19

20. PROFESSIONAL
NURSE
Professional nurse is a graduate
of a recognized nursing school
who has met the requirements
for a registered nurse in a state
in which she is licensed to
practice.
20

21. CRITERIA FOR PROFESSION FULFILLED BY
NURSING
21
• 1.High intellectual level of functioning
• 2.High level of individual responsibility and accountability
• 3.Specialized body of knowledge
• 4.Evidence based nursing practice
• 5.Public services and altruistic activities.

22. • 6.well organized and strongrepresentation.
• 7. code of ethics
• 8.competencies and professional license.
• 9. autonomy and independent practice
• 10. Professional IdentityAndDevelopment

23. ALPINE SKIHOUSE
CONCEPT
• The art and science of modern nursing encompasses fundamental nursing
concepts that include health, illness, stress and health promotion. Nurseswork
with physicians and other medical staff in a wide variety of medical and
community settings. •They provide preventive, primary, acute and chronic care
for sick and injured patients with health information, restorative care,
medication administration and emergency care. Nursing care focuses on
protecting and promoting physical and mental health for patients and for the
community
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24. ALPINE SKIHOUSE 35
Health is the absence of illness, injury and
disease. Health as a fundamental nursing
concept involves both mental and
physiological well being, and it changes
over a patient's lifetime. Nurses work in
health care to promote and protect health
by instructing patients about self-care, and
about how lifestyle and behavior affects
their health. They help people to recover
from physical and mental illness, and they
tend to sick and injured patients to restore
health.
Concepts of
Nursing- Health:

25. ALPINE SKIHOUSE
Illness is afundamental nursing concept that
defines adeviation from health with three
stages: the onset of illness, the acceptanceof the
state of illness and the convalescence orrecovery
stage. Anurse’s role in illness includesmonitoring
and interpreting symptoms, administering
medication and self-care information, and caring
for patients who are incapacitated byillness.
Concepts of
Nursing- Illness:
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26. ALPINE SKIHOUSE
Nurses work to make patients morecomfortable,
and abig part of nursing care includes reducing
patient stress. Nursesexplain procedures to
patients, listen to patient concerns and answer
questions, protect patients' privacy and askhow
patients are feeling. Thegoal is to calm themand
make them feel more physically and emotionally
comfortable.
Concepts of
Nursing- Stress:
26

27. ALPINE SKIHOUSE
th by informing patientsof
Concepts of
Nursing- Health
It’s the r
e
s
p
:topromote better heal things
such
asillness prevention methods, safehealth
practices and healthy lifestyle choices. Nurses
promote health by discussing weight and
exercise issues, nutrition, the risks of
drinking, smoking and drug use, and other
self-care thatincreases
their quality and length oflife. 27

28. PHILOSOPHY
28
• The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially
when considered as an academicdiscipline.
• Atheory or attitude that acts as a guiding principle for behavior.
• Nursing is viewed as both an art and a science, reflecting upon the concepts of the
nursing. Nursing is an applied discipline which expresses itself in practice, and has
its foundation rooted in scientific/empirical knowledge, theory, and research.Nursing
is also expressed as a caring, therapeutic and teachingdiscipline.
• The goal of nursing is optimum client wellness, and the maximum level of
functioning. The nursing interventions are evidence-based and stem from theircore
knowledge. The professional nurse must appreciate the role ofinformatics.

29. Objectives of Nursing
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• Maintain and promote wellness, prevent illness, care for andrehabilitate the sick
of disabled through the human science ofnursing.
• Reduce stress.
• Provide comfort to the client during diseasesprocess.
• Provide service to individual families and societies.
• Work independently with other health workers assisting the client togain
independence as quickly as possible.
• Develop interaction between nurse and client. Focus on a man a living unity and
man’s qualitative participation with experience.

30. ALPINE SKIHOUSE
CATEGORIES OF
NURSING
PERSONEL
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31. ALPINE SKIHOUSE
HOSPITAL
53
Staff nurse
Senior staff nurse
Nursing superintendent grade II
Nursing superintendent gradeI

32. ALPINE SKIHOUSE
SCHOOL OFNURSING
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Nursing
tutor/clinical
instructor
Principal, school
of nursing
COLLEGEOFNURSING
• Lecturer,
college of nursing
Assistant
professor, college
of nursing
Professor,college
of nursing
Principal, college
of nursingA

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